{"title":"Cutterhead failure analysis during EPB shield excavation in urban metro tunnels: a case study of the Shenyang metro","authors":"Zhiyong Yang, Xing Yang, Jiahui Zhang, Yusheng Jiang, Chenghao Gui","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02622-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02622-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates an unprecedented cutterhead failure, characterized by a 900 mm diameter reduction due to severe wear, encountered during earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling in the gravel strata of a Shenyang metro tunnel, China. To elucidate the underlying causes and mechanisms, a comprehensive analysis of the wear patterns on the failed cutterhead was performed. Additionally, a cutterhead model test was designed to assess the influence of soil conditioning and cutting tool failure on wear and operational parameters. The primary findings revealed that the failure was predominantly attributable to inadequate wear resistance at the cutterhead’s outer periphery, compounded by the detachment of external cutters. Based on these insights, two optimization strategies were developed and implemented in a subsequent tunnel excavation: enhancing the wear-resistant configuration of the outer periphery and refining soil conditioning techniques. Post-optimization analysis demonstrated substantial improvements, with average cutting tool wear, torque, and thrust reductions of 73.68%, 12.35%, and 57.80%, respectively. These enhancements not only stabilized the excavation rate but also preserved cutter integrity. This research highlights the efficacy of targeted solutions in mitigating abnormal wear, offering critical insights for future cutterhead design and EPB shield tunneling practices in abrasive ground conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4095 - 4112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02615-w
Changwei Yang, Jie Fan, Yifan He, Xianqing Xu, Lei Wang, Ke Su
{"title":"Mechanisms of earthquake-induced unstable rock masses initiation and rockfalls impact on open-cut tunnels: insights from shaking table tests","authors":"Changwei Yang, Jie Fan, Yifan He, Xianqing Xu, Lei Wang, Ke Su","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02615-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02615-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-steep rock slopes are highly sensitive to seismic activity, and unstable rock masses can easily initiate and impact tunnel entrances. In this study, a model of the slope–rockfall–tunnel system (SRTS) is constructed and then tested via triaxial loading shaking-table tests to investigate the seismic failure mechanism and interaction within the system. The dynamic response of the SRTS is analyzed, which reveals the initiation and damage mechanism of sliding rockfalls. Additionally, the force and deformation characteristics of structures during the impact of rockfalls on open-cut tunnels are identified. The findings indicate that the seismic responses of unstable rock masses and open-cut tunnels on the slope amplify significantly in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Furthermore, Hilbert–Huang transform-derived trends of Hilbert and marginal spectra effectively captured the damage evolution in sliding rockfalls. Discrepancies in the energy and vibration frequencies across the weak structural plane predominantly govern the initiation of sliding rockfalls. Additionally, this study highlights that the longitudinal positioning of open-cut tunnels substantially affects the dynamic response of the lining structure, thus allowing one to identify the most vulnerable sections under the impact of rockfalls. These insights are instrumental in providing seismic protection and reinforcement strategies for tunnel openings in mountainous regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4009 - 4030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study on the vertical bearing performance of precast screw pile using transparent soil","authors":"Lingzhi Zhang, Jia Li, Qiang Ou, Xuanming Ding, Dingxin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02614-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02614-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, screw piles have been increasingly utilized in geotechnical engineering practice to enhance the bearing capacity of soft foundations. In this study, the vertical bearing characteristics of screw piles and the displacement field of the surrounding soils were analyzed using the transparent soil model tests. Comparative studies between the screw piles and the smooth surface piles were carried out, and several influential factors are considered, such as the tapered pile, the screw spacing, screw height and screw thickness. Results showed that the bearing capacity of screw piles was higher compared with the smooth surface piles, and the screw pile with a constant diameter along its whole length improved the bearing capacity. A larger inclination and an optimal screw spacing were essential for the screw piles. However, the screw thickness was found to have minimal impact on the bearing capacity and soil displacements. A larger screw height and the tapered pile angle caused larger horizontal deformations. The influence range of the screw pile on the surrounding soil was wider compared with the smooth surface pile. In addition, three movement stages of soil particles between the screw structures were identified, including the soils around the screw dragged closer to the pile surface, the soils within the ‘screw’ structure moving vertically downward and the soil particles that were extruded out of the screws. It is hoped that this study can provide some guidelines for understanding the bearing–deformation mechanism of screw piles during the penetration process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 6","pages":"3141 - 3161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02617-8
Hongyu Wang, Arcady Dyskin, Elena Pasternak, Phil Dight, Broadus Jeffcoat-Sacco
{"title":"Mechanics of spallation in circular holes under biaxial compression","authors":"Hongyu Wang, Arcady Dyskin, Elena Pasternak, Phil Dight, Broadus Jeffcoat-Sacco","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02617-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02617-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spallation is a type of rock failure observed on the walls of underground excavations, which manifests itself by the ejection of surface parallel rock slabs. The mechanism of spallation involves a recurrent process of extensive crack growth from pre-existing defects in rocks under compression, creating surface parallel fractures that subsequently buckle, producing the ejecta. In this study, we tested cubic Donnybrook sandstone and mortar specimens of various compositions, each containing a central circular hole. These tests were conducted under biaxial compression, without applying stress along the hole axis—a stress typically present in underground spaces. Under this loading condition, it was believed that the immediate hole sidewalls (where radial stress is zero) were subjected only to tangential stress, i.e. uniaxial compression. The spallation was observed on the hole sidewalls in all tested specimens. It is known that the intermediate (second) principal stress is essential for the formation of extensive crack growth (surface parallel fractures). Through finite element modelling, we demonstrate that due to the Poisson’s ratio effect and the non-uniform distribution of tangential stress around the hole boundary, an additional normal compressive stress was induced along the hole axis. This stress, combined with the tangential stress, produced biaxial compression zones at the immediate hole sidewalls, which allows the extensive growth of pre-existing cracks and is sufficient to form a mechanism of spallation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4051 - 4074"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02616-9
Aziz Tebechrani Neto, Alexia Cindy Wagner, João Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho, Nilo Cesar Consoli
{"title":"Effects of fines content, molding water content, and density on behavior of compacted filtered iron ore tailings","authors":"Aziz Tebechrani Neto, Alexia Cindy Wagner, João Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho, Nilo Cesar Consoli","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02616-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02616-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One option for tailings disposal is filtering and compacting them following specified compaction degree and moisture content to form a dry stack structure. However, the moisture content varies in the filtering plant due to the tailings’ characteristics, operational features, and weather conditions. Also, the compaction characteristics are influenced by the gradation and mineralogy of tailings, which are highly dependent on the original ores and the beneficiation processes. This paper investigates the influence of grain size distribution and molding moisture content on the undrained behavior of iron ore tailings. Two materials with different fine contents were molded with distinct water contents and compacted at specific dry unit weights to reflect the diverse range of materials in a dry stack. The geotechnical behavior was investigated by simple shear tests to represent the in situ conditions regarding the dry stacks’ stability more realistically. When considering a unique dry unit weight in the field, materials with different grain size distributions will be compacted in different states. Moreover, the variation in moisture content can affect the strength and compressibility due to changes in fabric. When compacted with the same effort (optimum condition), mixtures with distinct gradings produce different grain arrangements that affect the behavior. Also, an increase in friction angle at the critical state with the fines content was found to be related to the particle characteristics (iron minerals and morphology). The results demonstrate the importance of appropriate field compaction control based on the material’s characteristics, being essential to consider the differences arising from the fabric for lower strains in dry stack design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4031 - 4049"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02530-0
Xingchi Ye, Zhigang Cao, Chuan Gu, Qi Zhang, Yuanqiang Cai, Hong Hu
{"title":"Effects of chlorine salt crystallization on long-term characteristics of road base aggregates","authors":"Xingchi Ye, Zhigang Cao, Chuan Gu, Qi Zhang, Yuanqiang Cai, Hong Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02530-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02530-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salinization of road base aggregates poses a critical challenge to the performance of coastal roads, as the intrusion of chlorine salts adversely affects the stability and durability of pavement structures. To investigate the cyclic behavior of salinized road base aggregates under controlled solution concentration, <i>c</i>, and crystallization degree, <i>ω</i>, a series of unsaturated cyclic tests were conducted with a large-scale triaxial apparatus. The results showed that variations in solution concentration had a negligible influence on the resilient modulus of road base aggregates, and no significant differences were observed in their shakedown behavior. However, the long-term deformational response of the aggregates was affected by the precipitation of crystalline salt. At low crystallization degrees, a significant increase in accumulated axial strain and a decrease in resilient modulus were observed with increasing <i>ω</i>. Once the crystallization degree exceeded a critical threshold (<i>ω</i><sub>c</sub>), there was a reduction in accumulated strain and an increase in resilient modulus. The precipitation of crystalline salt also disrupted the shakedown behavior of road base aggregates. During the nascent stages of crystallization (<i>ω</i> < 0.33), the presence of fine crystalline powders and clusters in the saltwater mixture destabilized the soil skeleton, resulting in a transition from the plastic shakedown stage to the plastic creep stage. This poses potential risks to the long-term characteristics and durability of the road base courses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 6","pages":"2661 - 2682"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Undrained shear characteristics of consolidating soft soil under triaxial compression and extension test conditions","authors":"Haibo Wang, Rongjun Zhang, Fengjuan Tao, Junjie Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02613-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02613-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In comparison with normally consolidated soft ground, consolidating soft ground often displays inferior engineering properties, which have not been thoroughly investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the undrained shear characteristics of consolidating soft soil under both compression and extension test conditions. A series of undrained triaxial compression and extension tests are conducted on reconstituted kaolin clay under different degrees of consolidation. The results indicate that the undrained stress–strain curves, the evolution of excess pore water pressure, and the undrained stress paths for both normally consolidated and consolidating soft soils exhibit a similar pattern. It is also found that consolidating soft soil also follows the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, which can be expressed in terms of effective consolidation pressure and is considered to be independent of degree of consolidation. The primary difference between normally consolidated and consolidating soft soils lies in the initial tangent modulus, which decreases as the degree of consolidation decreases. Subsequently, a modified Duncan–Chang constitutive model is developed to accurately approximate the measured stress–strain curves of consolidating soft soil. Finally, the proposed model is validated by the experimental data, demonstrating its capability to effectively capture the influence of the consolidating state on shear characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"3987 - 4008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02596-w
Boyang Xia, Gang Zheng, Haizuo Zhou, Yi He
{"title":"Evaluation of building damage caused by excavation-induced ground movements in three-dimensional deformation field: a case study in Tianjin, China","authors":"Boyang Xia, Gang Zheng, Haizuo Zhou, Yi He","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02596-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02596-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep excavation causes ground movements and induces structural damage to adjacent buildings. Based on a case history from Tianjin, China, this study investigated the three-dimensional distortion characteristics of adjacent buildings during the excavation process. Indicators were monitored to obtain comprehensive measurement data, including the horizontal deflection of the diaphragm wall, lateral and vertical ground movement, and the horizontal displacement, inclination, and differential settlement of adjacent buildings. The results indicate that the described deformation mode results in the significant horizontal extension and angular distortion of the building, ultimately leading to wall cracking. On this basis, a criterion for estimating damage in three-dimensional structural units is proposed. The effectiveness of the three-dimensional building damage criterion was validated through comparisons with multiple representative field observations. Damage evaluation can facilitate the selection of the most effective protective measures and minimize potential damage to adjacent buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"3795 - 3809"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02587-x
Yan Lv, Ze Li, Yuanyuan He, Shengtao Yang, Xiaoting Feng, Haitao Sun
{"title":"Frost heave and thaw settlement of the high-organic matter turfy soil in seasonally frozen region based on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling model","authors":"Yan Lv, Ze Li, Yuanyuan He, Shengtao Yang, Xiaoting Feng, Haitao Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02587-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02587-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates a unique type of soil, turfy soil, which is characterized by poor engineering geological properties and high organic matter content, widely distributed in the seasonally frost regions of Northeast China. The research discusses its freezing–thawing characteristics and the thermo-hydro-mechanical properties during the freezing–thawing process, which is of significance implications for parameter selection and frost heave settlement considerations in engineering construction within cold regions with high-organic-matter soil distribution. Unidirectional frost heave–thaw tests were conducted in the laboratory. Accurate hydrothermal characteristic parameters during freezing and thawing of a turfy soil were obtained by NMR and steady-state comparison method. Based on Fourier’s law, the Richard equation, and considering latent heat of phase change and volume change during ice-water phase transition, a turfy soil–water–thermal–mechanical coupling model was proposed. Validation of this model using COMSOL Multiphysics showed that the errors between the frost heave and thaw subsidence of each soil layer and the measured values from tests were in the range of 1.75–3.6 mm and 0.75–1.73 mm, indicating a good fit. According to the simulation value, the turfy soil can be designated as strong freezing and thawing soil, matching reality. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of roadbed and foundation project in the seasonally frozen turfy soil distribution areas and serve as a basis for frost damage prevention and control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 6","pages":"2733 - 2759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta GeotechnicaPub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1007/s11440-025-02586-y
Yanbo Chen, Yi Bian, Liangtong Zhan, Yuze Wang, Yufeng Gao, Liya Wang
{"title":"Effects of multi-source plant-derived urease enzyme on the morphology, growth, size, and distribution behavior of calcium carbonate through enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation method: a microfluidic chip experiment","authors":"Yanbo Chen, Yi Bian, Liangtong Zhan, Yuze Wang, Yufeng Gao, Liya Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02586-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02586-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has been extensively studied as an alternative to microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) in recent years. This study aims to investigate the effects of different plant-derived ureases on the morphology, growth, size, and distribution of calcium carbonate at particle scale within microfluidic chips. The commercial urease (CU), as well as crude sword bean urease (SWU), jack bean meal (JBM), and soybean urease (SOU) were used. The results revealed that crystal morphology and growth are noticeably influenced by organic molecules in different ureases. Relatively low concentrations of organic molecules in SWU and JBM may provide heterogeneous nucleation sites and promote crystal growth, thus achieving the largest individual crystal and total crystal area. For CU, smaller crystal size and total crystal area were observed due to tiny amounts of organic molecules. A high concentration of organic molecules in SOU would limit crystal nucleation and growth, thereby achieving smaller crystal size and total crystal area. In addition, crystals in Test-SWU and Test-JBM present preferential deposition at interparticle contacts with better cementation type than Test-CU and Test-SOU. Acid digestion experiments were also conducted to provide evidence for the hypothesis that organic matter precipitates induced by crude ureases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. SWU and JBM are recommended as a raw material for EICP to enhance the engineering properties of soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"3745 - 3771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}