Acta Geotechnica最新文献_第7页

Quantification of chloride saline soil freezing–thawing temperature threshold based on thermodynamic theory 基于热力学理论的氯化物盐渍土冻融温度阈值定量分析

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02432-7

Chong Wang, Kunyu Li, Jiaqi Tian, Fanshuo Meng, Hao Yang, Junping Ren, Shuangyang Li

{"title":"Quantification of chloride saline soil freezing–thawing temperature threshold based on thermodynamic theory","authors":"Chong Wang, Kunyu Li, Jiaqi Tian, Fanshuo Meng, Hao Yang, Junping Ren, Shuangyang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02432-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02432-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The salinity and soil structure are crucial to the freezing and thawing characteristics of soils in saline soil area. Here, we developed a high-precision freeze–thaw temperature model for chloride-salted soils. The temperature threshold for the soil freeze–thaw cycle, which is both physically meaningful and easily measurable and quantifiable, was determined based on experimental observations. Moreover, we examined the relationship between soil freeze–thaw characteristics and the levels of salt content and soil type. Specifically, in the testing of more than 60 soil samples made from different salt contents of sand, silt, and silty clay, the freezing–thawing temperature model shows RMSE = 0.5 K and MPAE = 0.16%. The maximum/minimum value of the soil temperature curve slope can be used to determine the starting and ending temperatures of freeze–thaw cycles, which represents the release rate of phase change latent heat from the side. Sand exhibits greater sensitivity to salt content in terms of freeze–thaw properties. When the salt content > 0.4%, the minimum supercooling point, maximum superheating point and equilibrium freeze–thaw point of sand are lower than those of silty clay. However, the freezing end point and melting starting point consistently conform to the sequence “sand > silt > silty clay”, which is due to their reliance on the bound water content and its bound strength. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the freezing–thawing properties of saline soils. These findings provide valuable guidance for establishing temperature boundary conditions in numerical simulations for cold zone engineering purposes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1049 - 1068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal avalanches and pressure-dependent scaling law in granular shearing 颗粒剪切中的普遍雪崩与压力相关结垢规律

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02469-8

Meng Chen, Yang Xiao, Xiang Jiang, Bingyang Wu, Hanlong Liu, Jian Chu

{"title":"Universal avalanches and pressure-dependent scaling law in granular shearing","authors":"Meng Chen, Yang Xiao, Xiang Jiang, Bingyang Wu, Hanlong Liu, Jian Chu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02469-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02469-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive understanding of granular shearing behaviour is important to investigate the mechanism of geological disasters. We show the avalanche characteristics of the granular shear process and the effects of upper load and shearing velocity on the shearing system by acoustic emission (AE) spectroscopy. The AE absolute energies follow damped power-law distributions with critical exponents <i>ε</i> ranging from 1.25 to 1.45. The exponent <i>ε</i> tends to decrease with the increased upper loads. And the influence of shearing velocity on the energy exponent is negligible. The waiting time distribution shows a mixing form with a power-law distribution and a gamma distribution at small and large time intervals, respectively, which is similar to the unified scaling law of the interoccurrence time in seismology. The aftershock distributions follow the Omori law and the foreshock distributions follow the inverse Omori law with the exponent <i>p/p′</i> ≈1. The relative magnitudes of main shock energy and the corresponding largest aftershock energy agree well with the Båth’s law in a restricted time interval. Moreover, our results of amplitude and duration distributions, as well as energy-amplitude and amplitude-duration relations, show mean field behaviour. The exponents show approximate consistency with the force integrated mean field model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1141 - 1155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a simple test to quantify the consolidation properties of liquefied granular materials 开发一种量化液化颗粒材料固结特性的简单试验

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02434-5

L. Tauskela, O. Adamidis, W. A. Take

{"title":"Development of a simple test to quantify the consolidation properties of liquefied granular materials","authors":"L. Tauskela, O. Adamidis, W. A. Take","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02434-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02434-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquefaction can have devastating consequences by causing increased mobility of debris flows, tailings dam breaches, and settlement following seismic shaking. Observations on the consolidation behaviour of liquefied soils in 1-g or centrifuge shake table tests have permitted significant advancements in analytical and numerical methods to predict the rate and magnitude of consolidation settlement. However, advanced consolidation models introduce material parameters which are currently difficult to define quickly and at low cost. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the development of a simple, low-cost test that can be used to quickly estimate the spatially and temporally varying coefficient of consolidation, which controls post-liquefaction settlements. Using the proposed simple setup, experiments were conducted on four uniformly graded sands of varying grain size and on one well-graded mixture. A range of analytical and numerical approaches from literature were assessed for their ability to back-analyse the observed pore pressure dissipation and settlement. Estimated values for the coefficient of consolidation were comparable between models and estimates of surface settlement matched well the experimental results. The simplicity of the proposed test combined with its low-cost and mobile nature, raise significant possibilities for quick estimations of the evolution of the coefficient of consolidation post-liquefaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1177 - 1191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-024-02434-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A two-step dynamic FEM-FELA approach for seismic slope stability assessment 地震边坡稳定性评价的两步动态FEM-FELA方法

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02443-4

Christoph Schmüdderich, Charlotte Herz, Alischa Albared, Jan Machaček, Luis Felipe Prada-Sarmiento, Patrick Staubach, Torsten Wichtmann

{"title":"A two-step dynamic FEM-FELA approach for seismic slope stability assessment","authors":"Christoph Schmüdderich, Charlotte Herz, Alischa Albared, Jan Machaček, Luis Felipe Prada-Sarmiento, Patrick Staubach, Torsten Wichtmann","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02443-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02443-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The determination of the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes during seismic excitation can be complex if the relevant effects of pore water pressure accumulation, nonlinear material response and variable shear strength are duly accounted for. A rational two-step approach to tackle this task based on a hydro-mechanically coupled dynamic simulation and finite element limit analyses is henceforth introduced. To ensure accurate transfer of the hydro-mechanical soil state, a mapping concept is presented, accounting for spatial distributions of stresses, excess pore water pressures, inertial forces and shear strength. The proposed approach is compared to limit equilibrium method (LEM) for the case of a large-scale water-saturated open cast mine slope subjected to seismic loading. In comparison with LEM, the new approach to assess seismic slope stability proves to be simpler in its implementation and straightforward, which could be an important asset for practitioners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 1","pages":"303 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-024-02443-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A mixed smoothed finite element limit analysis formulation for static and seismic collapse loads 静态和地震倒塌荷载的混合光滑有限元极限分析公式

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02450-5

H. C. Nguyen, X. Zhang, M. Nazem

{"title":"A mixed smoothed finite element limit analysis formulation for static and seismic collapse loads","authors":"H. C. Nguyen, X. Zhang, M. Nazem","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02450-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02450-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a new formulation of limit analysis based on nodal integrations for calculating static and seismic collapse loads in geotechnical engineering. Unlike the classical kinematic limit analysis, our newly proposed formulation of upper-bound limit analysis using mixed elements is expressed in terms of the stress fields rather than displacement fields. The numerical framework approximates stress and velocity fields using low-order triangular elements with a strain smoothing technique. Subsequently, the weak form of the equilibrium conditions and flow rule are imposed over nodal smoothing cells rather than elements. The final form of stress mixed formulation is established on nodal smoothing cells and is cast as a set of conic constraints, allowing the stress fields to be directly determined using conic programming algorithms. Additionally, the determination of kinematically admissible displacement fields is achieved through duality theory. We demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our numerical scheme through benchmark examples involving static and seismic collapse loads, such as bearing capacity and tunnel stability, showcasing its practical application. Although the proposed scheme outperforms other traditional numerical schemes and smoothed limit analysis in terms of accuracy and efficiency, the gain in performance is offset by a loss of rigour. Furthermore, we incorporate a simple non-associated plasticity scheme into the analyses to assess dilation-dependent collapse loads. The newly proposed numerical scheme of the stress-based upper-bound limit analysis is then utilised to assess the influence of the dilation on the static and seismic collapse loads and their failure mechanism, giving some valuable insights into the dilation-dependent collapse loads under seismic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 1","pages":"323 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress transfer in soil under freezing and thawing of the overlying layer 上覆土层冻融作用下土体的应力传递

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02457-y

Dongyong Wang, Chenyang Liu, Jilin Qi, Liyun Peng

{"title":"Stress transfer in soil under freezing and thawing of the overlying layer","authors":"Dongyong Wang, Chenyang Liu, Jilin Qi, Liyun Peng","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02457-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02457-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In vast areas with frozen ground, the surface soil layer undergoes freezing and thawing with the changing seasons, which impacts the stress distribution in the underlying soil layers. However, there is a lack of systematic experimental and theoretical research on the stress transfer in this process, which makes the current calculations and analyses incapable of reflecting genuine stress conditions in cold regions. In this paper, a model test system was designed to conduct research on the stress transfer law during freezing and thawing of the overlying soil layer. According to the test conditions, a suitable soil pressure sensor was selected and carefully calibrated. A constant load was applied onto the top soil layer which undergoes freezing and thawing, and stress in the underlying soil was measured. During the freezing process, the frozen zone occurred and continuously developed downwards. Coinciding with the evolution, an attenuation and outward diffusion of the stress field was observed. When thawing started, a non-frozen zone developed from the top down, leaving a sandwich frozen zone progressively decreased over time. The stress field within the soil is partitioned by the presence of the frozen zone. After transit through the frozen zone, there is a significant decrease in stress within the upper non-frozen stratum, which is then transferred to the lower non-frozen stratum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1267 - 1278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front dynamics and surface morphology of wet granular flows down an inclined channel 湿颗粒流沿倾斜通道流下的锋面动力学和表面形貌

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02453-2

Zhiyang Niu, Yinghao Sun, Dengming Wang

{"title":"Front dynamics and surface morphology of wet granular flows down an inclined channel","authors":"Zhiyang Niu, Yinghao Sun, Dengming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02453-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02453-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flow of wet granular materials released down an inclined channel is investigated experimentally. The observed flow reveals three typical flow regimes corresponding to varying inclination angles, aligning with the dynamics observed in the dry particle case. The presence of interstitial liquid significantly increases the critical angles required for transitions between these regimes. Each regime exhibits distinctive evolving features in front shapes and surface morphologies, primarily depending on grain-scale cohesion induced by capillary forces between particles, which are directly related to particle size. Consequently, a phase diagram encapsulating diverse characteristics of wet granular flows is constructed in the phase space of two relevant parameters, emphasizing the front shape and surface morphology of wet granular flow while concurrently considering the associated flow regime. The generation mechanisms are also discussed based on the effect of cohesion on the motion of particles. Finally, simplified theoretical models, grounded in the law of conservation of momentum and Savage–Hutter theory, are developed to depict the evolving characteristics of the front in different regimes of inclined wet granular flows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 1","pages":"55 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the runout distance and impact force of an actual landslide considering the effect of single rigid barrier using an SPH approach 用SPH方法分析考虑单一刚性屏障影响的实际滑坡跳动距离和冲击力

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02448-z

Weijie Zhang, Yongqi Xue, Xin Wang, Shuxin Chen, Jian Ji, Yufeng Gao

{"title":"Analysis of the runout distance and impact force of an actual landslide considering the effect of single rigid barrier using an SPH approach","authors":"Weijie Zhang, Yongqi Xue, Xin Wang, Shuxin Chen, Jian Ji, Yufeng Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02448-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02448-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many studies have explored the impact mechanism of debris flow on barriers via small-scale and large-scale flume tests, but little attention has been given to actual landslides. In this study, an SPH model was constructed to simultaneously model an actual landslide and a rigid barrier via a numerical approach. Thereafter, the applicability of the proposed model was validated through simulations of the Gaoloucun landslide and tests of granular material impacting rigid walls. Finally, several simulation cases were designed for the Gaoloucun landslide by changing the location and height of a single rigid barrier. These cases were designed to obtain the runout distance and impact force. The simulation results indicate that the runout distance slightly decreases when the barrier is near the source area, and the reduction in impact is more obvious when the barrier is in the flow and deposition areas. The peak impact forces derived from the numerical simulations correspond with the analytical solutions, and the force value increases as the barrier location approaches the source and the height increases. Thus, a moderately tall barrier in the flow area of the Gaoloucun landslide could constitute the optimal configuration scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1297 - 1313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Premix–spray biomineralization method for anti-disintegration improvement of granite residual soil 改良花岗岩残积土抗崩解的预喷生物矿化方法

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02449-y

Han-Jiang Lai, Xing-Zhi Ding, Ming-Juan Cui, Yan-Jun Zhou, Jun-Jie Zheng, Zhi-Bo Chen

{"title":"Premix–spray biomineralization method for anti-disintegration improvement of granite residual soil","authors":"Han-Jiang Lai, Xing-Zhi Ding, Ming-Juan Cui, Yan-Jun Zhou, Jun-Jie Zheng, Zhi-Bo Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02449-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02449-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Granite residual soils are highly susceptible to softening and disintegration when exposed to water, extremely easy to cause geological disasters. Biomineralization can be a promising method to improve the anti-disintegration of granite residual soils. However, due to the low permeability of the soil, it may be difficult to effectively or efficiently improve the anti-disintegration of granite residual soils using conventional premix or spray methods. This study proposes a premix–spray biomineralization method to improve the anti-disintegration of granite residual soils. The bacterial suspension, bioslurry, and crude soybean urease solution were used as the urea hydrolysis media in this study. The biomineralization of granite residual soils by premix, spray, and premix–spray methods was compared based on the disintegration test and calcium carbonate content measurement. The scanning electron microscope observation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were also conducted to clarify the microscopic characteristics of the biotreated granite residual soils. The test results indicate that the premix–spray method could effectively improve the anti-disintegration of granite residual soil, and the bioslurry is the optimal urea hydrolysis medium for the premix treatment. The sample prepared by premixing with bioslurry followed by 3 cycles of spray treatment could remain relatively stable with no apparent disintegration or cracking within 24 h of immersion. The underlying mechanisms for the anti-disintegration improvement of granite residual soils with biomineralization may mainly include the pore filling, encapsulating bonds between soil particles, and biocementation of adjacent soil particles by the precipitated calcium carbonate crystals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1251 - 1265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The study of foaming agent concentration choice in EPB shield soil conditioning

IF 5.6 1区工程技术

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02445-2

Zhongtian Chen, Adam Bezuijen, Yong Fang, Markus Thewes, Dongzhu Zheng

{"title":"The study of foaming agent concentration choice in EPB shield soil conditioning","authors":"Zhongtian Chen, Adam Bezuijen, Yong Fang, Markus Thewes, Dongzhu Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02445-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02445-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foam is widely used in soil conditioning during EPB shield tunnelling to ensure the efficiency and safety of face support and muck flow. Currently, the concentration of the foaming agent solution is chosen based on the recommendations of foaming agent suppliers, the half-life time of foam or the properties of the foam-soil mixture. This paper studies the foaming agent concentration (<i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub>) choice taking surface tension into consideration. Test results show that the <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> should be higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC) to offset the influence of the expanding surface area during foam generation in shield tunnelling. The comparison between the capillary rise method and the platinum plate method shows that this offset can almost be accomplished when <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> is higher than 1% and fully accomplished when <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> is higher than 3%. Foam generation tests show that despite the differences in foam generation methods, the foaming ability of foaming agent solution and the stability of the generated foam are close to optimum at <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> of 1% and reach optimum at <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> of 3%. Slump tests show that foam with <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> lower than 1% is not stable enough in the foam-sand mixture for shield tunnelling. Both slump tests and field validation show that when <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> is higher than 3%, the increase of <i>C</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> has limited influence on soil conditioning performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 2","pages":"915 - 930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0