Journal of Hydro-environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of stagnation period and flow rate on soluble and particulate Pb leaching in copper pipe water distribution systems","authors":"Lu Chang ,&nbsp;Joseph H.W. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extremely high lead level in tap water caused by particulates has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Despite extensive research on the role of particulate Pb in water supply systems with lead service lines, little information is available on the role of particulate Pb in copper (Cu) water distribution systems. In this study, the dissolved, colloidal, and particulate lead and copper concentrations in representative prototype copper pipe water distribution systems with leaded solder joints and brass fixtures are measured. The effects of flow rate and stagnation time on metal fractionation are investigated. For each experimental scenario, all the water that stagnated inside the system is sampled to have a comprehensive understanding of lead contamination. Sampled at flow rates of 200–250 mL/s, the soluble lead and copper make up 60–96 % of the total concentration in the samples after hours of stagnation. More than half of the Pb and Cu particles are larger than 0.8 μm. Higher flow rates result in substantial increases in particulate metal concentrations but have no apparent effect on dissolved metals. The soluble and particulate copper concentrations (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 100–250 μg/L) both increase with stagnation time. For the case of Pb, while the particulate concentration increases (up to <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 40 μg/L after 12 h), the soluble concentration does not change significantly beyond 4 h; this can be attributed to the different solubilities of Pb (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 20 μg/L) and Cu (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 200 μg/L) in tap water. The results also show that particulates suspended by clean “once through” water (without prior stagnation) can lead to high levels of Pb contamination (<span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> 10 μg/L).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43046129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS based NRCS-CN modeling of rainfall-runoff in river Thamirabarani sub-basin, Southern India","authors":"S. Kaliraj ,&nbsp;N. Chandrasekar ,&nbsp;K.K. Ramachandran ,&nbsp;M. Lalitha","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>River Thamirabarani sub-basin lies in the southern part of the Western Ghats in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India. The basin’s landforms are formed by swift surficial characteristics with undulated terrains composed of steep-sloped valleys, valley fills, and short-length streams with intensive flows that makes-up site-specific hydro-morphological characteristics. In this study, the GIS-based Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number (NRCS-CN) model is used to assess rainfall-induced runoff by analyzing various hydrological parameters. The curve number (CN) is assigned to each hydrologic soil group (HSGs) based on the measurement of initial abstraction (<em>Ia</em>) and potential maximum retention (<em>S</em>) derived from soils, landuse/ land cover, antecedent soil moisture, etc. The resulting map shows the estimated runoff at the rate of 2.27 – 5.94 mm/m²/yr for the whole study area, whereas the higher runoff rate (4.83 – 5.94 mm/m²/yr) is noted in the upland range of the swift surficial terrains in the north and north-eastern parts that encompasses undulated structural hills, steep-sloped valleys, inselberg, and denudational hills, etc., whereas the work of swift surficial terrains and associated slope gradient of the landforms are considered to be higher runoff rate than the other parts. The moderate runoff rate (2.92 – 3.98 mm/m²/yr) is estimated in the middle parts of pediplains that consist of croplands, plantations, riverbanks, fallows, and built-up areas. Significantly, the lower runoff rate (&lt;2.92 mm/m²/yr) sparsely occurred in the different landforms of the middle and southern parts that include pediplains, riverbanks, natural vegetative covers, valley-filled sediment deposits, etc. Overall results indicate that the higher runoff found over the swift surficial landforms in the north and north-eastern parts due to intensive flow through short-length stream orders. This study is mainly used for understanding hydro-morphological processes and their impacts on basin environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 10-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47892812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scour evolution downstream of grade-control structures under unsteady flows: A theoretical analysis","authors":"Jessica Di Nardi ,&nbsp;Michele Palermo ,&nbsp;Fabián A. Bombardelli ,&nbsp;Stefano Pagliara","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>River restoration projects often make use of grade-control structures in order to prevent channel degradation, improve their ecological resources, and regulate floods. The time evolution of localized scour that can occur downstream of grade-control structures represents a crucial component in the design of those projects. This is because erosion processes may undermine the stability of hydraulic structures and compromise their effectiveness. Although localized scour has been widely investigated (mostly via laboratory models), there is significant scatter in results produced by the large number of obtained empirical equations. Consequently, there is a need for more general tools based on theoretical approaches that might overcome the limits of ad-hoc, experimental methods. In particular, a model based on the application of the Phenomenological Theory of Turbulence (PTT) has been recently developed by the last three authors to predict scour-depth evolution under <em>steady</em> flows. Nevertheless, in practical applications, scour phenomena usually occur during floods characterized by <em>variable</em> flow discharges. In this paper, for the first time to the authors’ knowledge, a detailed analysis of the basic assumptions of the PTT-evolution model allowed us to assess their validity for scour processes at different <em>grade-control structures</em> under <em>unsteady (time-dependent)</em> flows. By re-analyzing the dynamics of the scour evolution under unsteady flow conditions, we corroborate its consistency with the steady counterpart and with jet-driven scour problems, evincing that a homothetical evolution of the scour hole occurs during the developed phase. Finally, we provide a confirmation of the general validity of the theoretical approach presented herein. We show that it can be successfully applied to a large range of structure configurations and hydraulic conditions, without any significant modification. This last result is particularly important, since it paves the way to a unique, first-principles-based tool that can be helpful to design hydraulic structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46161896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of a spur dike location in a 90° sharp channel bend on flow field: Focus on anisotropy degree and anisotropy nature","authors":"Mojtaba Mehraein ,&nbsp;Anton J. Schleiss ,&nbsp;Marjan Goodarzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, the flow features around a spur dike located in a 90˚ sharp channel bend have been studied experimentally in detail. Results showed that the effects of the spur dike on upstream sections increased by increasing α (spur dike location from the beginning of the bend). In addition, by increasing <em>α</em>, the horseshoe vortex (C3) and secondary flow in the channel bend (C1) strengthened. The energy and the Reynolds shear stress in the C3 region decreased by increasing α. It is recommended to use a Barycenteric Map (BM) instead of the normal Reynolds stresses to find the anisotropy nature accurately. A strong anisotropic condition was detected at the border of the recirculation flow region and the main flow. However, in the C3 and the interaction regions, the isotropy condition improved. In the main flow region, by increasing α, the isotropy degree improved. However, by increasing α, an increase in the development of the region with a high anisotropy degree towards the recirculation region was observed. The anisotropy degree in the near-bed layer region and the shear layer region is comparable. However, the anisotropy nature is different. The maximum error of the numerical simulation based on isotropic turbulence occurred at the shear layer region where the severe cigar-shaped turbulence occurred.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42443305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SWAT based Bi-objective framework for improving the degree of consumer satisfaction in urban water allocation system under streamflow uncertainty","authors":"Mahdi Moudi ,&nbsp;Majid Galoie ,&nbsp;Yuan He ,&nbsp;Xu Hong ,&nbsp;Mohsin Shafi ,&nbsp;Artemis Motamedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A long-term perspective of climate change patterns leads to the strategic management of limited water resources and consequently achieves the maximum level of social satisfaction between the various sectors in a water allocation system. Therefore, this study first adopts Soil &amp;Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate future climate change patterns [2020–2050 and 2051–2080] under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) scenarios, and then the extracted SWAT output is applied as the initial data in a bi-level programming model in which the manager of the upper level (MUL) tries to maximize the level of social satisfaction between sub-areas while the lower level manager (MLL) focuses on maximization of multi-sectoral social satisfaction. Also, historical data collected from Zayandehrud basin, Iran as a case study are considered for calibration, validation, and subsequently projecting the runoff data for mentioned periods. Based on the output related to the regional hydrological cycle under the [RCP4.5/2020–2080 &amp; RCP8.5/2020–2080] scenarios, the study area is strongly affected by drought and relative temperature increase. Accordingly, due to the shrinkage of water resources in the basin, the highest degree of consumer satisfaction is related to the domestic sector as the smallest recipient of water resources. Thus, with the development of adaptation measures such as the use of demand reduction leverage for the effective use of limited water resources, the challenge of demand dissatisfaction for both the industrial and agricultural sectors is significantly improved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dyke-type causeway on Urmia Lake (NW Iran); insights from water physico-chemical parameters seasonal (2019) changes","authors":"Ali Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Georg Schwamborn ,&nbsp;Amaneh Kaveh-Firouz ,&nbsp;Attila Çiner ,&nbsp;Razyeh Lak ,&nbsp;Alireza Salehipour Milani ,&nbsp;Demet Biltekin","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Urmia Lake in NW Iran, the world’s second-largest hypersaline lake, has been exposed to rapid water level fall in the last two decades due to water resources mismanagement, building up of dams on inlet rivers, and the causeway construction in the lake. This human intervention has divided the lake into northern and southern parts and caused an extreme disturbance in the hydro-chemical and hydrodynamic systems, namely current direction reversal.<!--> <!-->To fully understand the current situation, water depth and lake surface and deepwater physico-chemical parameters (i.e. density, temperature, acidity, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids) are analysed in the wet and dry seasons of 2019. In the wet season, deepwaters have a higher density than surface waters, and the northern part of the lake contains denser water compared to its southern counterpart. The formation of density gradients creates an anticlockwise direction lake current. Deepwaters show higher electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids than surface waters in the wet season. Unlike the wet season, the lake water becomes more homogenised due to wave action and evaporation in the dry season. Our study clearly demonstrates that the water passageway of the causeway does not allow for a complete yearly balance between water and sediment exchange. Results suggest that the northern and southern parts of the lake have almost independent hydro-chemical and hydrodynamic systems. In the undeniable reality of global warming trends, anthropogenic interventions into sensible ecologic systems need to be better planned if we were to prevent the ecological disasters we now have to face.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrieval of total suspended solids concentration from hyperspectral sensing using hierarchical Bayesian model aggregation for optimal multiple band ratio analysis","authors":"Hui Ying Pak ,&nbsp;Adrian Wing-Keung Law ,&nbsp;Weisi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water quality monitoring plays an essential role in water resource management and water governance. At present, the monitoring is commonly conducted via in-situ sampling and/or by setting up gauging stations, which can be labour intensive and costly. Recently, the possibility of monitoring water quality through remote sensing with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and hyperspectral sensors has shown great promise, with the key advantages of larger spatial coverage and possibly higher accuracy enabled by higher spectral resolution and more extensive data. Correspondingly, more advanced methods need to be established for hyperspectral analysis for water quality determination to capitalize on this wealth of information. In this study, a new method called Hierarchical Bayesian Model Aggregation for Optimal Multiple Band Ratio Analysis (HBMA-OMBRA) has been developed as a proof-of-concept for estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations from the hyperspectral data. The method leverages on the Bayesian ensembling of competing models because there is not a single best working model for all situations. It also encompasses a new approach called Ensemble Band Ratio Selection (ENBRAS) for the identification of best candidate band ratios (BBRs) via a set of ensembling and “bagging” procedures, followed by a modified Batchelor Wilkin’s algorithm to cluster the candidate band ratios. A laboratory investigation was conducted in the present study to measure the hyperspectral reflectance in different experiments under various environmental conditions to verify the robustness of HBMA-OMBRA. From the experimental results, six distinct clusters of candidate BBRs were identified using ENBRAS. In particular, two clusters in the red, green, and near infrared spectrum showed the largest contribution. The significance of multi-clusters provides an explanation for previously contrasting results reported in the literature and some evidence for reconciling these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destratification of thermally stratified water columns by air diffusers","authors":"Şebnem Elçi ,&nbsp;Oğuz Hazar ,&nbsp;Nisa Bahadıroğlu ,&nbsp;Derya Karakaya ,&nbsp;Aslı Bor","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims at improving the understanding in order to optimise an aeration system for artificial destratification to control cyanobacteria growth in the reservoirs. Previous applications for artificial destratification in reservoirs were based on installations based on computational methods, where neither the effect of air bubble size and configuration nor the effect of air density in the bubble plume could be investigated. This study seeks for an optimized design with the help of experimental and numerical analyses. In order to perform experimental studies, a novel water tank enabling the heating/cooling of the water column as desired and a diffuser system were manufactured. During the experimental studies, effect of bubble size, bubble slip velocity, and other parameters of air diffuser on destratification efficiency were investigated. Based on the nondimensional parameters, a new destratification efficiency formula is obtained by the Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. Additionaly, the hydrodynamics of the water tank during the mixing process by air diffuser was simulated via 3D numerical model and validated with experimental results. The Eulerian multiphase model with the ‘degassing’ boundary condition and k-ω turbulence model are found to be suitable for the purposes of the study. Based on the error analysis of comparisons of the model and observations, the best configuration of air diffuser is proposed, and the numerical model is found to be successful in simulating the destratification of thermally stratified water columns by air diffuser.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 44-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42515012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of best management practices to control runoff water quality in an urban watershed using a novel framework of embedding- response surface model","authors":"Masoud Taheriyoun ,&nbsp;Asghar Fallahi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian ,&nbsp;Saeed Fallahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Best Management Practices (BMPs) are measures implemented to reduce urban runoff volume and pollution load. Determination of a cost-effective selection of BMP combinations is a challenge. In this study, an optimization model was developed to determine the optimal number, location, and type of BMPs with minimum cost and pollution load in the Majidieh catchment in Tehran, Iran. A novel framework was proposed combining the embedding technique with Response Surface Method (RSM) called “Em-RSM” in the form of a simulation–optimization (S/O) model. First, the storm water management model)SWMM(as the simulation model was linearized, and the linear programming results were used as the initial population of the genetic algorithm (GA). Then, the linearized model along with the SWMM model were alternatively used as the fitness function in the GA evolution process to increase the model run speed and results' accuracy. The results showed that the permeable pavement and infiltration trench were more effective than other BMPs because of the physical and local characteristics of the study area. It was demonstrated that the proposed model makes a considerable reduction in the model run time with acceptable accuracy in obtaining the compromise solution of the Pareto front. The proposed framework proved its effectiveness in the solution of GA-based S/O problems. It can also be applied in other case studies or optimization problems by replacing and simplifying the behavior of the simulation model in the optimization procedure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42984095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the effects of low impact development practices on hydrological components using HSPF","authors":"Hyunji Lee ,&nbsp;Hakkwan Kim ,&nbsp;Jihye Kim ,&nbsp;Sang-Min Jun ,&nbsp;Soonho Hwang ,&nbsp;Jung-Hun Song ,&nbsp;Moon-Seong Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purposes of this study are to propose the new approach for modeling the effectiveness of low impact development (LID) practices using Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF)'s Surface-FTABLE (function table) and to evaluate the impacts of LID application on hydrological components and water balance. LID was simulated using Surface-FTABLE, and changes in hydrological components and water balance were analyzed. These results were compared with results simulating LID using the HSPF LID Controls Tool built in the HSPF model. Embedded within the HSPF model, the HSPF LID Controls Tool is used to design and simulate infiltration-based best management practices. Surface runoff decreased similarly for both methods using Surface-FTABLE and LID Controls Tool. For Surface-FTABLE, the infiltration in the facility was reflected in the model, so interflow, outflow and baseflow outflow increased. As a result of the water balance analysis, the results of Surface-FTABLE showed a similar bias to those of the model without LID. In contrast, the results of the LID Controls Tool showed a large bias due to uninvolved infiltration. This study showed that HSPF Surface-FTABLE is applicable to LID simulation and that it is possible to simulate the change of each element of hydrologic components reasonably.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 72-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48053727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}