Journal of Hydro-environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Relative contribution of uncertainties to standardized drought index calculation using a linear mixture model","authors":"Ji Yae Shin ,&nbsp;Jeongwoo Han ,&nbsp;Hyun-Han Kwon ,&nbsp;Tae-Woong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is widely used for monitoring drought due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, various uncertainties arise from multiple factors in SPI calculation including the length of precipitation data, accumulation periods, probability distributions, and parameter estimation methods. This study aims to quantify the relative contribution of these factors to SPI uncertainty using a linear mixed model (LMM). In this study, various SPI calculation scenarios were considered by combining three data lengths (20, 30, and 50 years), four accumulation periods (1, 3, 6, and 12 months), five probability distributions (gamma, normal, log-normal, logistic, and generalized extreme value), and two parameter estimation methods (maximum likelihood estimation and L-moment). In our study, reference precipitation was defined as the amount of precipitation corresponding to a target SPI value (e.g., –1.0 or –2.0), determined by inverting the standard SPI calculation process. The uncertainty was quantified by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) between the reference SPI and calculated SPI from various SPI calculation scenarios. The results showed that uncertainty decreased with longer accumulation periods and data lengths, while the RMSE was substantially higher and more variable under SPI = –2.0 than SPI = –1.0. The LMM was then used to assess the contribution of each uncertainty factor. The results revealed that for moderate drought conditions (SPI = –1.0), the primary contributors to uncertainty were sample size and accumulation period. However, under extreme drought conditions (SPI = –2.0), probability distribution accounted for over 50% of the total variance, reaching up to 84% in some cases. The impact of parameter estimation methods was relatively nonsignificant under all conditions, consistently accounting for less than 3% of the total variance. These findings suggest that selecting an appropriate distribution and using long-term precipitation data are critical for improving the reliability of SPI-based drought assessments. This study highlights the critical need for long-term precipitation records (at least 50 years), appropriate accumulation periods, and rigorous selection of probability distributions, particularly under extreme drought conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-abrasion processes and modelling at hydraulic structures and steep bedrock rivers: 2. Hydro-abrasion model development and application","authors":"Dila Demiral ,&nbsp;Ismail Albayrak ,&nbsp;Jens M. Turowski ,&nbsp;Robert M. Boes","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydro-abrasion is a process of wear resulting from the mechanical stress exerted by impacting particles in the flow on a riverbed or banks or on the invert of hydraulic structures. Hydro-abrasion models represent the mechanics of invert abrasion by bed load particles and allow to predict hydro-abrasion rates. The present study deals with the enhancement of the existing mechanistic saltation hydro-abrasion model by incorporating new equations for particle velocity, hop length, an exponential cover effect term, and two additional important terms accounting for particle hardness and saltation probability, respectively. We particularly focus on the effects of particle and bed lining material hardness, bed cover, and low aspect ratio on hydro-abrasion, which were not holistically investigated in previous studies. The non-dimensional hydro-abrasion coefficient ​<em>k_v</em>​ (also known as the rock resistance coefficient) in the enhanced model was calibrated using both experimental laboratory data and field measurements obtained from three Swiss Sediment Bypass Tunnels as part of our research project. A constant value of <em>k_v</em> = 4.8 ± 2.2 × 10⁴ was obtained for a range of different materials with less scattering compared to the coefficients reported in previous studies. The enhanced model demonstrated a good performance when validated with independent data from laboratory and field studies, indicating that the laboratory results can be upscaled to prototype conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data and knowledge-driven model for flood peak runoff forecasting","authors":"Haider Malik ,&nbsp;Jun Feng ,&nbsp;Pingping Shao ,&nbsp;Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate forecasting of flood runoff peaks during rainstorms remains challenging because prediction errors usually increase near flood thresholds and peak discharge. Most deep learning models learn patterns from data only and do not explicitly emphasize peak-critical errors during training. Therefore, we propose a data and knowledge-driven (DK-TCIT) model that integrates Time-Distributed Convolutional Neural Networks (TD-CNN) for local feature extraction, Informer with ProbSparse attention for global temporal dependencies, and Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) for local–global sequence modeling. A key innovation is a knowledge-guided loss function that embeds expert knowledge of flood dynamics, assigning higher learning priority to the critical peak-flow region detected from observed flood thresholds. DK-TCIT was evaluated on two basins in China (ChangHua and TunXi) using a 12-hour input window to predict the next 6 h of runoff. Results show that DK-TCIT consistently outperformed ConvLSTM, CNN, SLSTM, TD-CNN-LSTM, STALSTM, Informer, and TCN across all metrics. In TunXi, it achieved RMSE reductions of 31–42% and NSE improvements of 26–41% compared with the best baseline model, while similar gains were obtained in the ChangHua basin. The proposed loss function also surpassed Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and standard Huber loss, with the largest gains observed around peak runoff conditions. These findings indicate that combining hybrid spatiotemporal learning with explicit peak-focused supervision improves short-term flood peak forecasting and provides a practical solution for flood hazard management applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantify uncertainty of meta-heuristic algorithms in optimal reservoir operation","authors":"Mohsen Saroughi ,&nbsp;Hamed Nozari","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoir systems serve as a prevalent mechanism for the control and management of water resources. Given the constraints of limited resources and the escalating demands for water, it is imperative that these systems are operated optimally to enhance the efficiency of water utilization. Despite advancements in addressing real-world challenges, classical optimization methods frequently fall short of delivering optimal solutions due to the structural complexity and the multitude of variables involved. As a result, there exists an urgent need for more effective and robust methodologies to address these challenges. Meta-heuristic algorithms, particularly those inspired by biological evolution and referred to as evolutionary computation, represent reliable and straightforward approaches for tackling complex optimization problems, positioning themselves as viable alternatives to traditional optimization techniques. Evolutionary computation can be classified into two primary categories: evolution strategies and swarm intelligence. While meta-heuristic algorithms based on swarm intelligence are characterized as multi-agent systems that emulate individual behaviors, those grounded in evolution strategies employ adaptive search mechanisms derived from evolutionary processes. This research aims to quantify the uncertainty associated with meta-heuristic algorithms and to evaluate their efficacy in the planning and management of water resources, specifically for the optimal operation of a single reservoir. The study assesses 101 evolutionary algorithms, categorized into eight groups, with a focus on their application in optimizing reservoir system operations to enhance efficiency. The case study centers on the Gheshlagh Reservoir located in Kurdistan, Iran. A comparative analysis of the performance of these algorithms revealed that the SHADE algorithm outperformed its counterparts, achieving a minimum objective function value of 9.59 × 10⁻¹⁰ and demonstrating superior computational speed. Notably, SHADE attained a demand deficit of zero million cubic meters for the reservoir, whereas the FOA algorithm recorded the highest deficit of 10.74 million cubic meters. Furthermore, DE class algorithms exhibited the highest overall performance in the operation of the Gheshlagh Reservoir, showcasing reduced computation times, enhanced robustness, and improved decision-making capabilities. The study underscores the significance of algorithmic structure and problem type in determining performance outcomes, recommending the adoption of SHADE or DE class algorithms for the formulation of operational policies in complex reservoir systems. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to introduce new or modified algorithms and offer guidance to administrators in selecting the most appropriate algorithm based on specific operational requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphodynamic modelling of a wave-driven river mouth sandspit in data-scarce coastal environments: an example at the Volta River Mouth, Ghana, West Africa","authors":"Stephan K. Lawson ,&nbsp;Janaka Bamunawala ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Keiko Udo","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2026.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The morphodynamic behaviour of river mouth sandspits, sustained by wave-driven longshore sediment transport, is governed by complex interactions between prevailing hydrodynamics and anthropogenic forcing. At many coastal environments, the lack of field-measured datasets, more often than not, hampers long-term morphodynamic investigations on river mouth sandspits, thus making them data-scarce locations. This study investigates the wave-dominated and micro-tidal Volta River mouth in Ghana using process-based Delft3D model simulations. The simulations of the river mouth’s unrestricted (natural) updrift spit state were undertaken using hydrodynamic data schematisation approaches and satellite-derived and global bathymetries. Model results showed that, among varying wave conditions, relatively higher wave heights (∼1.8–1.9 m) facilitate a narrow-width spit growth at a faster rate. Conversely, an elongating spit with a slower growth rate and a larger width was observed under relatively moderate wave heights (∼1.2–1.3 m). The results indicate that the growth rate of an unrestricted spit decreases with increasing width. These findings are important for understanding how unrestricted spit’s formation and morphodynamic evolution affect river mouths. Most importantly, the results can be related to morphodynamic feedback during spit breaching events, formation of intruded spits, narrowing or closure of river mouths, and inland flooding of surrounding estuarine and coastal communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-abrasion processes and modelling at hydraulic structures and steep bedrock rivers: 1. Hydro-abrasion and cover effect","authors":"Dila Demiral ,&nbsp;Ismail Albayrak ,&nbsp;Jens M. Turowski ,&nbsp;Robert M. Boes","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydro-abrasion refers to the gradual loss of material on the surface of a solid body, caused by mechanical stress, mainly from the impacts of sediment saltation in flowing water. Hydraulic structures like weirs, spillways, diversion tunnels, and especially sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) experience significant hydro-abrasion due to high flow velocities and elevated sediment transport rates. The hydro-abrasion process is critical in hydraulic engineering, where material loss can lead to structural damage and costly repairs, and in geomorphology, where it drives bedrock incision and shapes landscape evolution over time. This study aims to advance the knowledge of hydro-abrasion mechanics (part I, present paper) and to enhance a mechanistic saltation hydro-abrasion model (part 2) for predicting river and landscape evolution and hydro-abrasion at hydraulic structures. To this end, hydro-abrasion tests of polyurethane foams and weak mortar mixtures as bed materials were systematically conducted in a 0.20 m wide, 0.7 m deep and 13.5 m long laboratory flume at VAW at ETH Zurich, under supercritical flow conditions. The study investigates the effect of flume width-to-flow depth aspect ratios, approach flow Froude numbers, particle diameter and hardness and sediment supply rate on hydro-abrasion rate and pattern. The focus is on the latter two parameters, which were not previously and systematically investigated in flume studies at low aspect ratios. The abrasion depths were measured using a 3D high precision laser scanner. Results revealed that abrasion rate increases with sediment supply rate with maximum abrasion occurring when sediment transport capacity is reached. Harder sediment leads to higher abrasion rates. Abrasion patterns depend on the aspect ratio, causing the formation of one or two incision channels. Three cover effect functions, namely, linear, exponential, and probabilistic were compared to the data. The exponential cover function provides the best representation of the present data. These findings provide new insights into the physical mechanisms of hydro-abrasion under varying hydraulic, sediment, and bed material conditions. This research contributes to the enhancement of a well-known mechanistic saltation abrasion predictive model by incorporating the proposed hardness and cover equations, which is detailed separately in the accompanying paper as Part 2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gpu-enhanced 2D simulation of Yanming lake water environment","authors":"Lu Yang ,&nbsp;Jingming Hou ,&nbsp;Wangyu Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 2D hydrodynamic and mass transport model was developed in this study, focusing on inorganic nutrients in water and utilizing GPU acceleration to improve simulation efficiency. Compared to traditional water environment models, this model is not only capable of simulating the transport processes of key water quality factors, including the nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, dissolved oxygen balance, and chlorophyll α, but also significantly enhances computational efficiency. It was applied to Yanming Lake No.5 under various water flow conditions, using measured data to ensure accuracy. The results indicated that reliable simulations were provided by the model, accurately reflecting changes in water dynamics and quality. Meanwhile, under the same simulation conditions, its computational efficiency was approximately seven times greater than that of CPU devices. As throughput increased, overall water depth and velocity were found to remain stable, while concentrations of water quality factors gradually decreased, primarily affecting the lake’s entrance. Over time, signs of poor nutrient conditions due to eutrophication were noted in the lake. This model enables detailed simulations of the transport of environmental variables and their interactions, serving as a valuable tool for predicting and preventing water pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual framework for impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on drought propagation","authors":"Muhammad Laraib ,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem ,&nbsp;Mudassar Iqbal ,&nbsp;Jiaqing Xiao ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Shi ,&nbsp;Waqas Ul Hussan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research addresses a critical gap in understanding the complex relationship between anthropogenic activities and drought propagation, acknowledging the growing global concern over water scarcity. It aims to enhance the understanding of anthropogenic drivers influencing drought dynamics by proposing a conceptual framework for assessing their impacts. The proposed framework encompasses hydrological modeling using the SWAT model during both disturbed and undisturbed periods, as well as assessments of meteorological and hydrological droughts. Additionally, it includes a probabilistic analysis utilizing a copula-based approach to evaluate drought propagation probabilities and an assessment of the impacts of anthropogenic activities. The performance of the SWAT model, evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the Coefficient of determination (R²), yielded values of 0.84 and 0.86 during calibration, and 0.81 and 0.80 during validation. Additionally, the Pettitt test, used to identify streamflow change points, indicated distinct periods of undisturbed and disturbed conditions. Analysis of the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) revealed that 25.77% of the undisturbed period experienced mild drought, 9.39% moderate drought, and 3.13% severe drought. In contrast, the disturbed period saw 41.67% mild drought, 11.76% moderate drought, and 7.35% severe drought. Moreover, the analysis of drought propagation time revealed that anthropogenic activities significantly influenced variations in hydrological drought (HD) and meteorological drought (MD) during the propagation of HD. The undisturbed period displayed a 46% increase in meteorological drought thresholds and severity levels, while the disturbed period exhibited more substantial variations, ranging from 3% to 64%. These findings have significant real-world implications, highlighting that anthropogenic activities intensify drought risks and alter the natural patterns of drought propagation. Overall, the insights gained from this study can support the development of evidence-based policies and adaptive management practices that enhance drought preparedness and resilience in regions vulnerable to water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of meteorological drought and its characteristics in Northern Thailand from 1980 to 2016","authors":"Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam ,&nbsp;Ghani Rahman ,&nbsp;Sanghyun Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun-Han Kwon ,&nbsp;Nurullayev Mirolim Nosirovich","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meteorological drought is characterized by prolonged periods of below-average precipitation and is a major environmental hazard that significantly affects agriculture, water resources and ecosystems. Drought assessment and understanding its patterns are important for effective water management and risk mitigation. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal variability and characteristics of meteorological drought in Northern Thailand from 1980 to 2016, using precipitation and temperature data from 22 meteorological stations provided by the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD). We used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to identify drought events and analyze their trends using Spearman’s Rho test. Additionally, we applied Run theory to quantify drought characteristics, including duration, severity and intensity. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive approach, integrating long-term climate data with advanced statistical methods to assess the impact of rising temperatures on drought frequency. The results revealed significant increasing trend in mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures across most meteorological stations, contributing to frequent drought events. Notably, severe droughts were observed during 1982–1983, 1986–1987, 1991–1993, 1997–1998, 2004–2005, 2009, and 2014–2016. Thus, these SPEI analysis highlights the growing influence of temperature-driven evapotranspiration which lead to soil moisture loss and crop failure. The insights from this study emphasizes on the need of proactive drought risk management and adaptation strategies particularly for agriculture sector. Future research should focus on assessing the socio-economic impacts of drought and developing predictive models for improved mitigation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The variation pattern and estimation method of backwater length at the reservoir of delta deposition","authors":"Kaixuan Wang,&nbsp;Minghui Yu,&nbsp;Yuying Shao,&nbsp;Jinlan Mo,&nbsp;Qianrou Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction of sedimentation and backwater in the reservoir area after the operation of the reservoir causes the backwater and sedimentation to continuously extend upstream. Studying the variation pattern of backwater length after reservoir sedimentation is of significant importance for assessing the reservoir inundation range. Based on the calculation of backwater after sedimentation at the BDa Reservoir, the variations in the backwater under the delta deposition at the reservoir were revealed. During the flood season, there are two inflection points in the backwater surface profile, occurring respectively near the pivot point and starting point of the delta. The impact of deposition thickness on the rise in backwater elevation is mainly reflected at the topset reach of the delta. Furthermore, the depth calculation formulas of foreset reach, topset reach, and sedimentation-affected reach of the delta deposition were established. Based on these, factors influencing the backwater length under delta deposition were identified as the depth at the dam, the distance from the pivot point to the dam, and the inlet discharge. Then a rapid estimation method for backwater length under delta deposition was proposed and validated. Results provide a rapid estimation of reservoir backwater length, which can prevent the protected projects from being inundated by the reservoir backwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}