American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Stuttering Representation on X: A Detailed Analysis of Content, Sentiment, and Influences.","authors":"Amir Hossein Rasoli Jokar, Hamid Karimi, J Scott Yaruss","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00375","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Social media shapes public perceptions of various topics, including health conditions and communication challenges, such as stuttering. This study analyzed the stuttering-related posts on X (formerly Twitter), a platform chosen for its unique features, including real-time interaction, concise messaging, and public accessibility. X's hashtag system also enables efficient tracking of trends and aggregating relevant posts, making it ideal for thematic and sentiment analysis. This study examined X to explore how stuttering is represented and perceived in top stuttering-related posts. It focused on these posts' themes, sentiments, and engagement patterns, as well as their influence on perceptions of stuttering on the platform.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this exploratory study, data from 153 highly engaged posts containing the hashtag \"#stuttering\" were analyzed using sentiment analysis, thematic analysis, and network analysis. Posts were selected based on engagement scores calculated from the number of likes, comments, and reposts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sentiment analysis revealed that 69.93% of posts conveyed positive sentiments, with the majority of these posted by self-identified stuttering advocates, while 6.54% reflected negative sentiments and 23.53% were neutral. Five key themes emerged from the data: (a) celebrating stuttering success, (b) enhancing awareness and education about stuttering, (c) navigating challenges through support, (d) addressing misconceptions and reducing stigma, and (e) systematic advocacy and policy reform. Network analysis reflected the critical role of health care professionals and advocacy organizations in shaping public perceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted both the supportive and stigmatizing aspects of stuttering representation on X. While prominent figures and organizations drive positive engagement, targeted efforts are still needed to address negative stereotypes. These findings provide insights for future public health communication and advocacy strategies in the stuttering community.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2156-2169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Brain Injury in Justice-Involved Youth.","authors":"Jessica Salley Riccardi, Angela Hein Ciccia","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00480","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the development, implementation, and outcomes of a screening process for brain injury and associated symptoms in a juvenile justice setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Through a collaborative, co-design process, a screening approach was created and implemented with youth intersecting with probation services. The brain injury screening was conducted using the HELPS Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Screening Tool and, for youth who screened positive for a likely brain injury on the HELPS TBI Screening Tool, a shortened version of the Juvenile Symptom Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In just over 2 years, 119 male youth on probation were screened for brain injury by 17 different probation officers. Of the about 10% of youth who screened positive for a likely brain injury, the greatest number of symptoms with the most impact on daily functioning were in the domains of information processing and emotional problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The co-design, implementation, and outcomes of this screening process provide foundational knowledge on the prevalence of brain injury in justice-involved youth (JIYs) and associated symptoms that supports the need for continued research and development of clinical assessment and treatment processes. These findings highlight the critical role of speech-language pathologists on research and clinical teams to continue screening for brain injuries and providing brain injury sensitive supports and services to JIYs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1910-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of Large Language Models for Intervention Plan Development in Speech-Language Pathology.","authors":"Namhee Kim, Mercy Homer, Hyeju Jang","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00464","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the speech and language intervention plan outputs generated by six different artificial intelligence (AI) tools powered by large language models (LLMs), currently available for clinical writing in the field of speech-language pathology. This study aims to evaluate the potential applications and limitations of these AI tools, as well as their ability to provide relevant and reliable information for developing intervention plans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a mixed design including both quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study compared the performance outputs of the six AI tools across three fictional clinical cases, each involving different types of speech and language disorders in 5-year-old children. Two types of command prompts, each with three levels of input specificity, were used to generate AI outputs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that the intervention plans generated by these AI tools were rated between <i>Needs Improvement</i> and <i>Meets Expectations</i> in terms of clinical knowledge and competency. Detailed and structured command prompts than general prompts yielded outputs with higher ratings, while the specificity of case information did not consistently influence the outputs. Each AI tool demonstrated unique strengths and limitations in supporting the development of intervention plans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study may serve as foundational data to provide insights into how clinicians, educators, and students in the field of speech-language pathology can appropriately and responsibly utilize existing AI resources when implementing these technologies into the development of intervention plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2098-2114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Associations Between Manometric Measures of Lingual Function and Swallowing Physiology Using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile.","authors":"Amna S Mira, Anna K Hopkins, Meredith E Tabangin, Mekibib Altaye, Brittany N Krekeler","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00360","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Manometric measures of lingual function are widely used in clinical practice, premised on the assumption that lingual impairments affect oropharyngeal swallowing. This study assessed correlations between measures of lingual function and oropharyngeal swallowing impairments using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants undergoing routine videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were recruited if able and willing to complete the lingual measurement protocol. Post-VFSS, participants completed the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and measures of lingual pressure during saliva swallow, anterior maximum isometric press (aMIP), effortful swallow, anterior isometric endurance (ISO-M), and anterior isotonic endurance. Correlations between these measures and MBSImP Oral Total (OT) and Pharyngeal Total (PT) Overall Impression scores and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores were evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample included 41 patients (23 men, 18 women; <i>M</i> = 61.75 ± 14.72 years) with heterogenous diagnoses. Analyses showed a moderate, significant negative correlation between aMIP and OT (<i>r</i>_s = -.44, <i>p</i> < .01), and ISO-M and OT (<i>r</i>_s = -.36, <i>p</i> = .02). Specifically, aMIP was strongly correlated with oral residue (Component 5; <i>r</i>_s = -.49, <i>p</i> < .01) and ISO-M with tongue control during bolus hold (Component 2; <i>r</i>_s = -.47, <i>p</i> < .01). No significant correlations were found with PT, EAT-10, or PAS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Some lingual measurements correlate with oral physiological impairments, suggesting potential utility as clinical indicators of oral swallowing physiology. Further research is needed to explore these relationships across different patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2072-2080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construct Validity of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Bulbar Dysfunction Index-Remote.","authors":"Timothy Pommée, Liziane Bouvier, Carolina Barnett-Tapia, Marc F Maffei, Sarah E Gutz, Victoria E Tilton-Bolowsky, Rosemary Martino, James D Berry, Agessandro Abrahao, Lorne Zinman, Jordan R Green, Yana Yunusova","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00489","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Bulbar Dysfunction Index-Remote (ALSBDI-R) is a clinician-administered tool designed to assess bulbar dysfunction remotely in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to evaluate the construct validity of the ALSBDI-R by examining its correlation with established clinical measures and its ability to discriminate among different bulbar disease severities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 92 patients with ALS were recruited from two multidisciplinary clinics. Participants were assessed using the ALSBDI-R, the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), the Center for Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale (CNS-BFS), the Sentence Intelligibility Test, and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Construct validity was established through Spearman correlations and comparison of ALSBDI-R scores across bulbar severity groups (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong correlations were found between ALSBDI-R total scores and bulbar-specific measures such as ALSFRS-R bulbar subscore (<i>r</i> = -.85), CNS-BFS (<i>r</i> = .85), and EAT-10 (<i>r</i> = .77). The ALSBDI-R effectively discriminated between severity groups, supporting its construct validity. Severity bins were created based on median ALSBDI-R total scores for each group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ALSBDI-R is a valid tool for remotely assessing bulbar dysfunction in patients with ALS. Despite several limitations, its ability to capture varying degrees of severity makes it valuable for clinical use and research, offering a standardized approach to monitor disease progression remotely.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2189-2211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Visual Scene Display Augmentative and Alternative Communication Supports Into Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions.","authors":"Lauramarie Pope, Janice Light, Kristina Exton","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00450","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs) are a promising approach for supporting early language and communication development for young children on the autism spectrum.¹ However, the children with the greatest need of language supports-those with minimal speech-have limited means to participate within these interventions and are therefore the least likely to benefit from traditional NDBIs that focus primarily on speech production.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a single-case, multiple-probe across participants design, the current study investigated whether adding visual scene display (VSD) augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) supports with just-in-time programming and aided AAC input to NDBI procedures within an interactive storybook reading context resulted in (a) an increase in the number of symbolic communicative turns or (b) an increase in the rate of the number of different unique concepts expressed by young children on the autism spectrum with minimal speech.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants tended to take more symbolic communicative turns each session and add new expressive vocabulary more rapidly with the addition of VSD AAC supports as compared to NDBI procedures alone, although with notable variation across participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that including VSD-based aided AAC systems and strategies designed to support beginning communicators within the framework of an NDBI can increase both the communication frequency and expressive vocabulary of children on the autism spectrum with minimal speech, beyond the effects of NDBI procedures alone.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29374061.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2260-2279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let's Chat About Spoken Discourse: A Tutorial to Support Use of Spoken Discourse Analysis When Providing Aphasia Clinical Services.","authors":"Manaswita Dutta, Laura L Murray, Hyejin Park, Elizabeth Burklow, Arpita Bose, Hana Kim, Kathryn Greenslade, Amy E Ramage, Collean Combs, Anusha Balasubramanian, Marianne Casilio","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00534","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Spoken discourse is integral to everyday communication; improving discourse outcomes is a primary goal for individuals with aphasia and their families. Consequently, the application of discourse analysis in aphasia assessment and treatment has gained increasing attention in both research and clinical settings. Despite its recognized value among researchers and clinicians, several barriers-such as limited time, inadequate training, and lack of resources-continue to impede the widespread use of discourse analysis into clinical practice. To facilitate its broader adoption, speech-language pathologists require access to comprehensive resources that include information on discourse tasks, outcome measures, psychometric properties, and practical examples of how to implement spoken discourse assessments effectively. The purpose of this tutorial is to equip clinicians with this knowledge, promoting the consistent and effective application of discourse analysis in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This tutorial, developed by members of the FOQUSAphasia Writing Group-comprising both researchers and clinical practitioners-offers an overview of recommended spoken discourse collection and analysis procedures, outcome measures, and their psychometric properties, as well as factors to consider when planning to conduct discourse assessments. It includes a series of case studies (severe aphasia, latent or very mild aphasia, bilingual aphasia, and primary progressive aphasia) that illustrate the utility of discourse analysis for varied clinical contexts and shows how the choice of tasks and measures can reveal meaningful insights tailored to the individual being assessed. In addition, the tutorial provides practical recommendations and considerations for incorporating discourse analysis into clinical aphasia services, along with suggestions for future research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spoken discourse production can be an important indicator of communication ability in individuals with aphasia. This tutorial is intended to support clinicians by providing evidence-based, practical ways for integrating discourse analysis into aphasia assessment and treatment. Our collation of information and case studies should encourage clinicians to apply spoken discourse-based approaches, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with aphasia.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29287505.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1931-1966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Self-Efficacy, Self-Compassion, and Growth Mindset Among Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Danielle H Girard, Leah L Kapa, Kristen Ackley","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00327","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated whether performance on predictors of academic achievement, namely, self-efficacy, self-compassion, and growth mindset, differ between adults, primarily college students, with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their peers without TBI history.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-nine respondents anonymously completed an online survey that included demographic questions and three predictive measures of academic achievement: the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and the Growth Mindset Scale. An additional 12 participants with TBI from a previous study (Ackley, 2022) were included in our data analyses, which compared results between participants with and without a TBI history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the group level, respondents with a TBI history demonstrated a significantly higher growth mindset than uninjured peers. An age- and gender-matched comparison of a smaller subsample of college student participants confirmed the group difference on growth mindset and revealed higher self-efficacy scores among the student group with a TBI history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a group, individuals with TBI did not demonstrate significant differences on self-efficacy and self-compassion measures relative to uninjured peers and also demonstrated higher growth mindset. Thus, evidence does not support the assumption that these are areas of deficit for individuals with TBI history, which suggests that the NGSE, the SCS-SF, and the Growth Mindset Scale are not meaningful ways of measuring progress during cognitive-linguistic treatment in college students who have sustained TBIs unless an individual demonstrates specific deficits in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2025-2039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Executive Function Performance Predict Treatment Response in Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder?","authors":"Leah L Kapa","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00396","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The goal of the current study was to examine whether executive function scores predicted response to conversational recast treatment among preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-nine preschoolers with DLD who received Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment were included in the analyses. Their response to treatment was indexed by the effect size of their accurate production of a targeted morpheme following treatment relative to their production of the morpheme prior to treatment. Stepwise regression analyses determined whether treatment response was predicted by their standardized language scores and/or by their scores on four executive function tasks that measured selective sustained attention, working memory, inhibition, and attention shifting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the potential predictors included in the model, only Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), which is a measure of attention shifting, was a significant predictor. DCCS scores were positively predictive of treatment outcomes and accounted for 20% of variance in treatment effect among participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In addition to considering a child's language abilities when selecting language treatments, clinicians may also take into account their executive function abilities, as children with DLD who had higher DCCS scores tended to have larger positive treatment responses to Enhanced Conversational Recasting. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of the skills needed for children to succeed in language treatments and provide guidance for selecting treatments that are most appropriate for individual children given their profile of strengths and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2040-2052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rephrasing Messages on Demand: Effects on Speech Production in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Annalise R Fletcher, Alan A Wisler, Samantha Budge, Brian Nalley, Stephanie A Borrie","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00343","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>When faced with challenging communicative situations, people with dysarthria are commonly advised to rephrase their message, using common words and keeping sentences short and manageable. However, it remains unclear whether relevant clinical populations can implement these changes on demand. The goals of this study were to (a) identify lexical changes that occur when speakers are prompted to rephrase sentences and (b) examine how rephrasing messages affects acoustic measures of speech production and listener perceptual ratings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Speech samples were collected from 11 speakers with Parkinson's disease and 11 age-matched adults. In a baseline condition, speakers read 29 sentences from the Natural Stories Corpus. Following this, speakers received verbal instructions on how to rephrase statements and were prompted to make each sentence easier to understand (rephrasing condition). Transcripts from both conditions were analyzed to measure lexical diversity and sophistication. Sentence-level measures of average sound pressure level, pitch variability, speech rate, pause duration, and listener ratings of ease of understanding were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both speaker groups were able to significantly reduce the lexical diversity and sophistication of sentences following a brief educational protocol. However, rephrased speech stimuli were not judged as easier to understand. Acoustically, rephrased stimuli were associated with greater pause durations and a reduction in average speech intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speakers, both with and without a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, can simplify their language when prompted to do so. However, it is possible that the cognitive demands associated with rephrasing language could interfere with the clarity of speech production.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2170-2188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}