the Indian Journal of Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"From allergy relief to addiction: A case of high-dose intravenous pheniramine dependence.","authors":"Vijay Niranjan, Prashant Gaurav, Ankit Kushwaha","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1273_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1273_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"486-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honoring a scientific pioneer: August 17 as National Pharmacology Day in India.","authors":"Babul Kumar Bezbaruah, Shambo Samrat Samajdar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_301_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_301_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"291-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal adverse events related to monoclonal antibodies: A comprehensive evaluation of data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.","authors":"Nitin Kumar, Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan, Mandeep Kumar Arora","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_416_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_416_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are frequently used in the treatment of various types of cancer and autoimmune diseases, but their causal association with Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency and nature of GI adverse events (AEs) associated with mAbs reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study's primary objective was to investigate the GI-AEs linked with mAbs, determine the demographic trends, and evaluate the clinical characteristics (age groups, seriousness, fatality, etc.) from the reported cases. Secondary objectives included using disproportionality signal analysis to find mAb-AEs combinations with significant associations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cases involving mAbs from the FAERS database were examined for the period from first authorization until June 30, 2023. The AEs were taken from the \"GI Disorders\" System Organ Class as standardized Preferred Terms. The characteristics of the cases, such as gender, age, seriousness, and co-suspect drug usage, were examined in detail. Proportional relative risk, IC025, χ2, and Ncomb metrics were used in disproportionality analysis to find the meaningful associations between a particular mAb and GI-AE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 115,346 cases were evaluated, and the most common GI-AEs were caused by rituximab, bevacizumab, and denosumab. Constipation, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were the most commonly reported AEs. 89.17% of cases had serious AEs, and 14.33% had fatal outcomes. Bevacizumab, atezolizumab, and rituximab had the highest death rates. 29 signals were detected by performing the disproportionality analysis for mAbs-GI-AEs combinations having significant values, especially for enterocolitis, ascites, GI perforation, and some other AEs as well, from GI disorders. The highest number of signals was identified by bevacizumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the strong correlation between mAbs and GI disorders, especially for mAbs such as atezolizumab, rituximab, and bevacizumab. The results emphasise the necessity of increased pharmacovigilance to keep an eye on these AEs and enhance patient safety. Improving patient safety during mAb therapy requires constant safety surveillance and additional research. Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying these relationships could lead to more effective management options for patients undergoing mAb therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"375-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing drug availability and reducing wastage through ABC-XYZ inventory management: Insights from a public tertiary cancer hospital in Northern India.","authors":"Sheetal Singh, Himanshu Sharma, Vijay Aggarwal","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_871_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_871_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assesses the ABC-XYZ analysis technique in reducing stockouts and maximizing the management of high-cost medications to improve accessibility and minimize expiry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a retrospective analysis of records from a tertiary cancer hospital in northern India. The ABC-XYZ analysis technique was applied to 286 medications, which is approximately 90% of the yearly drug expenditure. A 6-month pilot intervention from March to August 2024 was carried out. Procurement strategies such as scheduled orders for stable, high-cost medications, and consumption-based forecasting for volatile medications were implemented based on the ABC-XYZ classification. Outcomes, including stock-out frequency and wastage costs, were compared before the intervention (September 2023 to February 2024) and after the intervention (September 2024 to February 2025).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An ABC analysis of 286 medications showed that 10.1% (29) were in Category A, consuming 70% of the total annual cost, thus emphasizing the need for strict and controlled monitoring of these. XYZ analysis categorized 286 medications grouping 22.7% (65) as X (stable), 39.2% (112) as Y (moderately stable), and 37.8% (108) as Z (unpredictable). A 6-month pilot intervention from March to August 2024 was conducted. As a result, the average monthly stock-out frequency decreased by 88.5%, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In addition, monthly wastage costs reduced by 76.5%, showing a strong clinical trend though not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ABC-XYZ integration is an effective, evidence-based tool for optimizing drug inventory in a resource-constrained cancer hospital, drastically improving availability and reducing wastage.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinatorial effects of curcumin, morin, and phyllanthin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.","authors":"Sowmya Vuppaladadium, Joseph Xavier, Alanka Ketan Kumar, Sandhya Annamaneni","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1281_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1281_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the cytotoxic efficacy and interaction dynamics of curcumin, morin, and phyllanthin - individually and in dual (C + M) and triple (C + M + P) combinations - in estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay after 24 h of treatment with varying concentrations of the phytochemicals. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations were determined, and interaction effects were analyzed using the Combination Index (CI) model. Two-way ANOVA was used to quantify compound contributions and the statistical significance of interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Curcumin + Morin (C + M) combination exhibited additive cytotoxic effects in both MDA-MB-231 (CI = 0.881) and MCF-7 (CI = 0.860) cells, showing significant dose-dependent inhibition (P < 0.001). Addition of phyllanthin (C + M + P) further enhanced cytotoxicity, resulting in additive interaction in MDA-MB-231 (CI = 0.864) and synergistic interaction in MCF-7 (CI = 0.684). Contribution analysis indicated that phyllanthin, despite low individual potency, accounted for approximately 50%-55% of total cytotoxicity by amplifying the effects of curcumin and morin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combinations of curcumin, morin, and phyllanthin demonstrate subtype-dependent cytotoxic enhancement, with synergy evident in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells. These findings support the potential of phytochemical co-treatment as a complementary approach to improve therapeutic efficacy through multi-pathway modulation while minimizing toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"420-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor as a target enzyme in cancer therapy: Structural and functional insights from crystallography.","authors":"Vidya Kishanrao Magar, Karna Khavane, Anita Wagh, Santosh Shelke, Rashmi Padul, Shradha Dudhane","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1341_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1341_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and several other malignancies, activating mutations within the EGFR kinase domain lead to persistent receptor activation and uncontrolled downstream signalling. Over the past two decades, X-ray crystallographic studies and structural data deposited in the Protein Data Bank have significantly enhanced our understanding of EGFR activation mechanisms, mutation-driven conformational changes, and inhibitor binding interactions. This review provides a critical evaluation of structural insights obtained from crystal structures of wild-type and mutant EGFR, with particular focus on clinically important mutations such as L858R, T790M, and C797S. These mutations induce specific alterations in activation loop positioning, αC-helix orientation, and ATP-binding pocket architecture, thereby influencing drug binding affinity and therapeutic response. The structural basis for the evolution of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors-from first-generation reversible inhibitors to mutant-selective covalent agents-is discussed in relation to emerging resistance mechanisms. Although structural characterisation has substantially contributed to rational drug design, the ongoing development of resistance mutations highlights the need to integrate crystallographic data with tumour biology and resistance pathways to achieve more durable therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"319-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum acetaminophen levels with hepatorenal toxicity: A prospective observational study in Tripura, India.","authors":"Debasis Ray, Bidhan Goswami, Satyabrata Nath, Partha Saha, Shauli Sengupta","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1130_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1130_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the association between serum acetaminophen levels and hepatorenal function in patients receiving therapeutic doses of acetaminophen over a short period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation at a tertiary care hospital in Tripura, India, from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 109 patients receiving therapeutic doses of acetaminophen were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on day 1 (within 4 h of the first dose) and day 7 of continuous administration. Plasma acetaminophen concentrations were estimated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hepatic markers (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT], serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], total bilirubin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and globulin), and renal markers (serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid) were measured using a fully automated biochemical analyzer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean plasma acetaminophen levels increased significantly from 15.09 ± 6.25 μg/ml on day 1 to 17.08 ± 7.34 μg/ml on day 7 (P = 0.001). Mild but statistically significant elevations in SGOT and SGPT (P < 0.05) were observed. Serum urea (P = 0.013) and creatinine (P = 0.031) also showed minor increases, although all values remained within normal reference ranges and were clinically insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapeutic use of acetaminophen over a short period may lead to subtle hepatorenal changes. While these alterations are not clinically significant, periodic monitoring is advisable in patients requiring prolonged or repeated use. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"472-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of etrasimod-related adverse events based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.","authors":"Zi-Ru Zhou, Wen-Jia Zhang, Xiao-Yi Zhao, Yue Shen, Qiang Zhan, Jing Sun","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1209_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1209_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Etrasimod, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is a new treatment for ulcerative colitis. This study aims to analyze the real-world distribution of adverse events (AEs) related to Etrasimod using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, identify key AE signals, and provide a comprehensive safety assessment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>AE data related to Etrasimod from the FAERS database between Q4 2023 and Q1 2025 were analyzed using frequency-based and Bayesian methods, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean. Data from the FAERS were accessed on July 7, 2025. The authors did not have access to information that could identify individual participants during or after data collection, as FAERS provides only de-identified case reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1284 AE reports were collected, of which 871 were Etrasimod related. Most reports (94.9%) came from the U.S. and primarily involved patients aged 18-65 (66.9%). The most common AEs were related to gastrointestinal disorders and general disorders, with \"Drug Ineffective\" and \"Condition Aggravated\" being prominent signals. Eye disorders, including diabetic eye disease and diabetic retinopathy (DR), were identified with high signal strength. New potential AEs such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic eye disease were also identified. Severe events such as macular edema and blood cholesterol abnormal, although rare, showed high signal strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Etrasimod's safety risks primarily involve gastrointestinal issues, metabolic disorders, eye diseases, and reactions at the administration site. Most notably and unexpectedly, diabetes-related AEs constituted a prominent new safety signal, including type 2 diabetes, DR, and diabetic eye disease, and should be prioritized in early safety monitoring. Clinicians should monitor high-risk populations closely, especially in the early stages of treatment. Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize safe use of Etrasimod.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"442-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for cardiovascular protection.","authors":"Soumya Shanta Mohanty, R R Selvammathy, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Edukulla Satheesh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1384_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1384_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Among the various treatments for type 2 diabetes during the initial period, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been considered together as agents with separate cardiometabolic benefits, given their limited glucose-lowering effects. GLP-1 RAs are reported to inhibit atherosclerosis through several physiological processes, including increased blood flow in endothelial tissues, decreased inflammation, increased antioxidant levels, and improved lipid profile. There is a similar situation with SGLT2 inhibitors, and the explanation for this is different yet complementary, as these drugs cause a decrease in both cardiac preload and afterload and, at the same time, increase vascular permeability, diuresis, and more efficient energy usage by the heart. Thus, they have been affirmed by extensive clinical trials, which show that, although these drugs may harm patients, they do not result in significant cardiovascular events, have a lower treatment rate for heart defects, and are associated with a longer time before the patient's renal function deteriorates. This translates into a continuing shift toward the dominion in terms of cardiometabolic protection - a strategy that is receiving strong backing from the majority of clinical guidelines across the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"293-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin 100 mg tablets in healthy Asian Indian and Thai volunteers.","authors":"Anurag Saro, Arshad H Khuroo, Sudershan Kumar, Sovan Maiti","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_44_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_44_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the Pharmacokinetics of Sitagliptin 100 mg tablets in healthy Asian Indian and Thai Volunteers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two independent crossover evaluations were conducted in healthy adults of Indian (Study 1) and Thai (Study 2) origin. Participants received a single 100 mg dose of either test or reference sitagliptin tablet under fasting conditions, followed by the alternate product after a washout. Plasma sitagliptin was quantified by validated LC-MS/MS, and non-compartmental analysis yielded Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and Tmax. Bioequivalence was concluded when 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for geometric mean ratios fell within 80%-125%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both Indian and Thai cohorts, point estimates and 90% CIs for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were contained in predefined 80%-125% interval, and no clinically meaningful differences between formulations were detected. Exposure metrics were comparable across the two ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the two studies conducted in healthy Asian Indian and Thai volunteers, the test and reference formulation of sitagliptin 100 mg exhibited comparable pharmacokinetics profiles and were bioequivalent according to the regulatory definition based on rate and extent of absorption. Both formulations were well tolerated by all volunteers. Similar Cmax and AUC values were observed across both populations, indicating that ethnicity has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin. Therefore, bioequivalence results obtained in one population can be extrapolated to others.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 4","pages":"452-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}