the Indian Journal of Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Suzetrigine: A promising analgesic targeting voltage-gated sodium channel.","authors":"Samarjit Dey, M V Eeshwar, Vamshidhar Chamala, Sunit Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_854_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_854_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Chronic pain management continues to challenge clinicians due to limitations in efficacy and tolerability of current pharmacological therapies. Suzetrigine, a first-in-class selective sodium channel blocker, has emerged as a promising agent for the treatment of neuropathic and chronic pain syndromes. Preclinical and clinical data highlight suzetrigine's unique sodium channel selectivity, reduced central nervous system side effects, and encouraging efficacy signals in neuropathic pain, trigeminal neuralgia, and refractory pain states. Early-phase trials report favorable safety and tolerability compared to conventional sodium channel blockers. Suzetrigine represents a promising new analgesic agent with a novel mechanism of action. Further Phase 3 studies are warranted to establish its role in pain medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"272-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic adverse effects of valproic acid: Management strategies.","authors":"Imen Bouaziz, Rim Atheymen, Rym Sahnoun, Kamilia Ksouda, Hanen Affes, Serria Hammami, Khaled Zghal","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1224_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1224_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely prescribed first-generation antiepileptic drug. It can induce different liver adverse effects (AEs) which range from mild to severe.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted by collecting 9-year reports (from January 2015 to June 2023) of VPA-associated hepatic AEs. It was collected in the Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance of Sfax (Tunisia). Causality was evaluated with the French Bégaud et al. imputability method. Plasma VPA concentrations were measured using an automated enzyme immunoassay (INDIKO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected the eight cases of hepatic cytolysis with varying severity: Six had mild elevations of liver enzymes, one presented with moderately severe cytolysis and one case was fatal. There management strategies were guided by both transaminase levels and VPA concentrations. For those with alanine aminotransferase levels ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), we conducted the drug discontinuation. However, for patients with lower levels of transaminases, plasma VPA level measurement was recommended. The concentrations were within or near the ULN. Management consisted of either withdrawal or dose reduction, depending on associated clinical symptoms. Additional investigations to rule out nondrug-related causes performed in five cases were negatives. Most patients recovered favorable outcome after discontinuation or VPA dose reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Management of VPA-induced hepatic cytolysis requires integrating the severity of liver enzyme elevations, plasma drug level measurements, and the results of etiological investigation to guide the clinical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"266-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the protective effect of glutamine on acute alcoholic liver injury.","authors":"Huan Yang, Wei Guo, San-Qiang Li, Bing-Bing Zhang, Dan Wang, Wei-Gang Cheng, Shuning Chen","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_26_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_26_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our research aims to evaluate the important role of glutamine (Gln) in alcohol (ethanol)-induced liver damage.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In our study, the mice were simultaneously divided into normal group, alcohol group, and Gln+alcohol group. After different treatments, we detected alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and liver index. Then, some histopathological examination was used to observe the damage of liver tissue, glycogen, and liver cell apoptosis in mice. In addition, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3, heat stress protein 70 (HSP70), cytochrome cytochrome P450-2E1, NFκB pathway-related proteins IkB-a, NFκB-p65, and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected in different groups by western blotting. The experiment in vitro, we used normal hepatocytes L02, after treatment with alcohol and Gln for 24 h, carried out CCK-8 cell proliferation detection and western blotting to detect the expression of related proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that, in serological testing, Gln can significantly reduce the levels of ALT, AST, and liver index in Gln+alcohol group; and in the histopathological examination, Gln can increase the glycogen content and decrease the apoptosis rate in Gln+alcohol group. In addition, the differential expression of IκBα, NFκB-p65, and other factors in Western blotting shows that the NFκB signaling pathway plays important role in acute alcoholic liver injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that Gln played an important protective role in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by regulating glycogen stores, apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways in liver cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tapentadol-induced urticarial rash in a patient with acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Srinu Deshidi, Vinod Hanumanthu, Gaurav Mahajan, Sreekanth Appasani","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1081_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1081_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Tapentadol, a dual-action opioid, is increasingly used for pain management in acute pancreatitis (AP). Although its common side effects are well-documented, cutaneous reactions are rare. We report a 30-year-old gentleman with AP who developed generalized urticaria following oral tapentadol use. The patient had no prior history of atopy or drug allergies. The rash resolved after discontinuation of tapentadol and administration of a short course of corticosteroids and antihistamines. Cutaneous reactions to tapentadol are extremely rare but should be recognized promptly to ensure timely management and prevent unnecessary investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"276-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nivolumab-induced folliculitis: A case of immune-related cutaneous adverse reaction.","authors":"P Akshay Sankar, Neel Prabha","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_818_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_818_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Nivolumab, a human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, blocks PD-1 and can restore anticancer immune responses by impairing T-cell suppression via the PD-1 pathway. Nivolumab is generally well-tolerated, with fewer treatment-related adverse events (AEs) than other systemic therapies. Here we report a case of nivolumab-induced folliculitis involving the lower limbs in a 35-year-old male. The patient had multiple follicular-based pustules over the bilateral legs with surrounding erythema. The patient was treated with topical steroids, which resulted in complete resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"280-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing piroxicam for antithrombotic and cardiopulmonary protection: Pharmacological rationale and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Waseem Khalid, Arif-Ullah Khan","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_944_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_944_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research indicates that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may interfere in coagulation process and platelet aggregation. However, the potential of piroxicam in thrombotic and cardiopulmonary disorders remained unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To bridge this knowledge gap, the current study was conducted to assess the potential of piroxicam as antithrombotic and cardiopulmonary protective agent using multi-level approaches.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Piroxicam was docked against 16 key proteins involved in thrombotic and cardiopulmonary conditions. Its antiplatelet effect was evaluated by arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation while its effect on coagulation parameters were also evaluated. Cardiopulmonary protective effect in rats was investigated through isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction (MI) and self-embolus induced pulmonary embolism (PE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong binding interactions were identified, with docking energies of ≥-9.0 kcal/mol noted for cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, glycopotein-IIb/IIIa, antithrombin-III, COX-2, and nuclear factor Kappa-B (NFkB). Piroxicam significantly inhibited AA and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (IC50: 0.68 and 24.9 μM) and also prolonged the prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, thrombin, and clot lysis time. Piroxicam markedly and in a dose-related manner lowered MI and PE associated serum markers in experimental rats. Piroxicam further safeguarded cardiac and pulmonary tissues from infarction and histopathological injury through the suppression of oxidative imbalance and inflammatory activity. This protective outcome was also due to reduced expression of tissue necrosis factor-α, NFkB, COX-2, NLRP3, and platelet-derived growth factor-β, verified using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate the prophylactic potential of piroxicam in cardiopulmonary thrombotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: The effects of tramadol on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_511_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_511_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of deprescribing to reduce polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in geriatric patients in a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Nannuri Vivek Choudary, Sushil Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_924_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_924_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to assess the burden of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) among geriatric patients and evaluate the impact of a structured deprescribing approach in these patients.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Elderly outpatients (≥60 years) with polypharmacy were included. Data on prescribed, over-the-counter (OTC), and traditional medicines were collected through a structured questionnaire and detailed patient interviews. Deprescribing was carried out using Sivagnanam G's \"S and S\" approach (Seek, Screen, Save, Sever, Sensitize, and Supervise) adapted from Scott et al.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 385 participants, polypharmacy was prevalent in 182 participants (47.27%) with a mean of 6.5 drugs/prescription. Among participants with polypharmacy, PIMs were noted in 131 (72%) with an average of 1.64 PIMs identified per each inappropriate prescription. PIMs increased with an increase in the number of comorbidities and medication count. A total of 215 PIMs were identified and recommended for deprescribing. These were mainly drugs to be avoided in the elderly (34.88%), OTC PIMs (17.21%), traditional medicines (13.02%), and drug-drug interactions (9.77%). Deprescribing reduced the mean drug count per prescription to 4.86 with a potential to decrease adverse drug reactions by 16.4%, and also lowered daily prescription costs from INR 51.91 to INR 32.70, saving INR 576.42 per patient per month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polypharmacy and PIMs are widely prevalent among elderly patients, significantly increasing the risk of ADEs. Structured deprescribing effectively reduced medication burden, improved safety, and decreased healthcare costs. These findings highlight the need for routine deprescribing interventions to optimize geriatric medication management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and nongenetic factors affecting vancomycin population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: A systematic review.","authors":"Dimas Adhi Pradana, Erlina Marfianti, Ari Wibowo","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_878_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_878_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Despite frequent vancomycin prescribing, achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes is challenging due to its complex pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Those characteristics are influenced by various parameters, including both genetic and non-genetic variables, rendering accurate dosing and monitoring challenging for clinicians. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, ensuring a standardized and comprehensive approach to the literature search, data extraction, and reporting. We searched the publications for all appropriate evidence on genetic and non-genetic factors affecting vancomycin population PKs and PDs from 2014 to January 2024. This review's initial electronic database search found 1,543 relevant studies. Following the removal of automation-ineligible records and in-depth title relevance screening, the titles and abstracts of 67 publications were examined. After duplicate removal, 50 articles remained, and 23 were ultimately included based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vancomycin exhibits substantial PK and PD variability, and standard dosing often fails to achieve therapeutic targets. Area Under the Curve -guided therapeutic drug monitoring remains the most reliable strategy, while genetic factors appear to play a limited, toxicity-focused role.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"176-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic screening for three extracts of two plants using MTT assay and flow cytometric techniques.","authors":"Aimun A E Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_621_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_621_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was set out to screen the cytotoxic activity of three extracts of two plants against three cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cytotoxic activity of three extracts of these two plants (Haplophyllum tuberculatum (H) and Sonchus oleraceus L.(S)) was tested against three cell lines: HeLa uterus (H2), A431 skin (A2), and MCF breast (M2) using the MTT assay and the flow cytometric technique in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that similar yield percentages were obtained. Extract fractions from the first plant HF3 exerted high effects (>75%) on the three cell lines. The aqueous extract of HF3 exhibited significant (P < 0.001) cell growth inhibition activities estimated as (inhibitory concentration 50 in m/mL) of (0.73 ± 0.08, 0.7566 ± 0.12, and 0.65 ± 0.04) on the HeLa, A431, and MCF7 cells, respectively, compared to standard doxorubicin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded that similar yield percentages were obtained. Plant H exhibited higher activity, especially in its aqueous extract. Isolation, identification of the active (s) compounds, and determination of the mechanism of action were highly required.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}