Journal of Foot and Ankle Research最新文献

{"title":"Association of Baxter's Neuropathy and Fatty Infiltration of the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review.","authors":"John S C Chen, Mandy Abbott, Karl B Landorf","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jfa2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatty infiltration-or fatty atrophy-of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle of the foot on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been attributed to entrapment of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve (i.e., Baxter's neuropathy), a condition associated with plantar heel pain (PHP). The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence relating to the association between fatty infiltration of ADM and Baxter's neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review conducted searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase and the Cochrane Library from 20^th June 2023 to 19^th of March 2024. Peer-reviewed articles of retrospective, cross-sectional observational, or cohort studies written in English that investigated the prevalence or frequency of fatty infiltration of ADM on MRI in adult participants were included. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies (1052 participants) were identified and included in the review. Two studies were retrospective studies and two studies were cross-sectional observational studies. Only one study was rated 'good' on quality assessment. The reported prevalence of fatty infiltration of ADM on MRI was reported to be between 4% and 11% in the general population. Prevalence was also reported to be similar in people with and without generalised foot pain (approximately 8% and 6%, respectively). No studies reported prevalence in specific populations with PHP or with Baxter's neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between fatty infiltration of ADM on MRI and entrapment of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve as part of PHP still remains unknown due to the lack of robust evidence. Additional high-quality studies investigating the association between PHP and fatty infiltration of ADM on MRI would be worthwhile to improve our understanding of the diagnostic value of MRI for this condition, which may aid decision-making for the treatment of PHP, particularly surgical treatment of Baxter's neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Leg Drop and Hop: Insight Into Multisegment Foot Kinematics, Kinetics and the Role of Visual Focus in Healthy Young Adult Males.","authors":"Nicolas Haelewijn, Filip Staes, Evie Vereecke, Stijn Rosseel, Kevin Deschamps","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding foot joint loading during different dynamic activities is essential information for guiding exercise progression in rehabilitation. While walking and running biomechanics are well studied, joint-specific kinetic data during a single leg drop and hop task, often used in rehabilitation, are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the kinetic behavior of the ankle, Chopart, Lisfranc, and MTP-1 joints during a drop-hop task under different visual constraints and (2) to contextualize these findings by comparing them with heel-strike running, to assess the relative loading demands of the drop-hop task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen recreationally active male adults performed a single-leg drop and hop under two visual focus conditions: central (focusing on the landing spot) and peripheral (focusing straight ahead). Kinematics, moments, and power were analyzed using a four-segment foot model with statistical parametric mapping. Additionally, peak plantarflexion moments and power outputs were compared with existing data from heel-strike running data from a mixed-sex sample (4 males, 3 females) collected in a separate study using the same setup.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed no differences between central and peripheral focus conditions. Heel-strike running shows similar joint loading, but higher power generation (p < 0.001) at the ankle and Chopart joint, higher absorption (p < 0.001) at the Chopart and MTP-1 (p < 0.05) joint and lower power absorption (p < 0.001) at the ankle and Lisfranc joint.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual input does not influence foot biomechanics during a single-leg drop and hop. This task produces similar joint loading patterns similar to heel-strike running but with reduced power generation at the ankle and midfoot. Contrary to global belief, the single leg drop-hop task is not excessively more demanding in terms of foot joint loading, supporting the earlier use of drop-hop exercises in rehabilitation programs. They offer a controlled way to reintroduce loading while avoiding the full propulsion demands of running, independent of visual focus.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"e70078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot Health and Lower Extremity Function in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.","authors":"Minna Stolt, Maria Eränen, Jouko Katajisto, Riitta Rosio","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot health and lower extremity function are important issues for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, relatively little is known about foot health among people with MS. The potential association between foot health and lower extremity function in particular has seldom been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the level of self-reported foot health and lower extremity function in people with MS and to identify possible associating factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey study design was applied. The data were collected online April-May 2024 from members of a national patient association with the Self-administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) as well as a background information form. The data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants (n = 969, response rate 23%) had many foot problems of which dry skin (73%), cold feet (65%), leg cramps (61%), foot pain (59%) and thickened toe nails (51%) were the most common. Participants experienced mild to moderate lower extremity-related functional limitation (mean 51, SD 22, range 0-80). Foot health among people with MS associated with gender, being on sick leave due to foot problems, perceived knowledge levels of foot self-care, and self-evaluated level of foot health. Moreover, weak but significant correlation between foot health and lower extremity function was found, indicating that a poorer foot health was associated with more difficulties in performing lower extremity-related actions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that not only are foot problems among people with MS extremely prevalent, but they also impact functional ability. People with MS could benefit from regular rehabilitative care that includes access to podiatric care. Future research is needed to develop and evaluate strategies to support self-care in lower extremity health among people with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"e70086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activity in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability During Landing With Expected and Unexpected Inversion Perturbations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yixue Gong, Menghan Xu, Peng Chen, Xiaomei Hu, Wenxing Zhou, Lin Wang","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate whether alterations in the lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) occur during landing with expected and unexpected inversion perturbations.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies up to November 30, 2024. Comparative studies investigating the characteristics of lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity in individuals with CAI compared with healthy controls were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) approach.</p><p><strong>Synthesis: </strong>Thirteen studies involving 207 patients with CAI and 215 healthy controls were included. Individuals with CAI exhibited increased activity of the tibialis anterior muscle before landing (SMD = 0.28 and 95% CI: 0.03-0.54). The delayed activation of the peroneus longus muscle (SMD = 1.35 and 95% CI: 0.90-1.80) and increased co-contraction index in the sagittal plane (SMD = 0.41 and 95% CI: 0.06-0.77), ankle inversion angle (SMD = 0.56 and 95% CI: 0.30-0.81), ankle inversion range of motion (SMD = 0.83 and 95% CI: 0.42-1.24), and knee extension moment (SMD = 0.71 and 95% CI: 0.32-1.11) were observed after landing. Besides, subgroup analysis revealed that the anticipation of perturbations influenced muscle activation patterns, with significant differences in peroneus longus latency and coactivation indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with CAI may present differences in lower extremity biomechanics during expected and unexpected inversion-perturbed landings compared with healthy controls. The results of this work may have clinical implications in the development of more effective and targeted rehabilitation programs for individuals with CAI.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024615006.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot Disease Management by General Practitioners in People With and Without Diabetes: An Analysis of Nationally Representative Primary Care Data in Australia.","authors":"Peter A Lazzarini, Hylton B Menz, Cylie M Williams, Julie Gordon, Susanna Cramb, Christopher Harrison","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jfa2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot disease is a leading cause of national disease burdens and is driven by diabetes. General practitioners (GPs) play a gatekeeper role in many national healthcare systems. Yet, national foot disease management by GPs has not been explored. We explored the management of foot disease by Australian GPs in people with and without diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 16 years of annual, cross-sectional, GP encounter data from the nationally representative Australian Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health study in which a foot disease problem was managed. Factors independently associated with foot disease encounters by GPs were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Foot disease management rates increased from 11.6 per 1000 GP encounters (95% CI: 10.8-12.5) in 2000-2001 to 14.4 (13.3-15.4) in 2015-2016 and 6.1 (5.7-6.6) to 8.7 (8.1-9.3) per 100 Australian people. The rate of GP foot disease management was 2.4-fold higher in people with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (31.5 [26.4-36.6] vs. 12.9 [11.8-14.0]). Foot disease encounters were positively associated with diabetes, male patients, older patients, English-speaking backgrounds and having healthcare concession cards (all, p < 0.05); for patients with diabetes, only males were positively associated. Most frequent management actions used were medications, procedures and pathology with referrals, counselling and imaging least frequent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Australian GP management rates for foot disease are higher than many more well-known health conditions and increasing. GPs frequently manage foot disease with medications and procedures, but relatively rarely counsel or refer. Future strategies to improve GP foot disease management and referrals are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"e70066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient and Health Professional Perceptions of the Assessment, Diagnosis and Management of Acute Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy at a Regional Australian Health Service.","authors":"Dimitri Diacogiorgis, Byron M Perrin, Emma MacDonald, Michael I C Kingsley","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a rare but serious complication of diabetes that requires timely diagnosis and evidence-based management to prevent long-term disability. In regional or rural settings, delivering evidence-based care is particularly challenging due to systemic and contextual barriers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the perceptions of patients and health professionals about assessment, diagnosis and management of acute CN in a regional Victorian health service.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a qualitative research design, utilising thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with patients with previous acute CN and focus groups with health professionals (orthopaedic surgeons, podiatrists and prosthetists and orthotists) involved in the assessment and management of patients with acute CN. Two assessors used inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes related to acute CN care delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four overarching themes were identified: (1) barriers to evidence-based care, including delayed diagnosis, limited access to skilled clinicians and diagnostic tools and the burden of treatment; (2) enablers, such as timely access to knowledgeable clinicians and resources; (3) mitigating factors, including patient engagement, empathetic communication and multidisciplinary support and (4) strategies for improvement, such as public and professional education, upskilling of health professionals and integration of psychological and person-centred support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving outcomes for people with acute CN in regional or rural settings requires a multifaceted approach. Enhancing awareness, building workforce capacity and embedding patient-centred care practices are essential to ensure timely diagnosis, equitable access to treatment and improved quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Limb Kinematics of People With Midfoot Osteoarthritis During Level Walking and Stair Climbing.","authors":"Merridy J Lithgow, Jayishni N Maharaj, Andrew K Buldt, Shannon E Munteanu, Benjamin F Mentiplay, Hylton B Menz","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Midfoot osteoarthritis (OA) affects one in eight people over 50, yet its impact on foot and lower limb kinematics remains poorly understood. This study compared foot and lower limb kinematics during level walking and stair climbing between people with and without symptomatic radiographic midfoot OA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Symptomatic radiographic midfoot OA was defined as midfoot pain in the last 4 weeks and radiographic OA in one or more midfoot joints. Cases aged ≥ 45 years were matched 1:1 for sex and age (± 5 years) to controls. A 10-camera motion analysis system was used to capture foot and lower limb kinematics during level walking and stair climbing, which were analysed with a validated multi-segmental lower limb model. Group differences were analysed using independent samples t-tests and effect sizes for discrete angles, whereas statistical parametric mapping compared kinematic patterns between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 24 midfoot OA cases (mean age 64.4, SD 9.5) matched to 24 controls (mean age 65.2, SD 10.1). During level walking, people with midfoot OA walked slower and displayed absolute joint angles that showed less hip extension throughout stance, less knee flexion in early and late stance, less ankle dorsiflexion throughout stance (medium to large effects), greater subtalar pronation in late stance, and greater tarsometatarsal supination during early stance (medium effects). There were few differences during stair ascent and descent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People with midfoot OA walk slower and demonstrate medium to large differences in sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle kinematics, and medium differences in subtalar and tarsometatarsal kinematics. These findings offer insights into the walking patterns of people with midfoot OA and the mechanisms that may contribute to or result from the condition. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between these factors and midfoot OA development.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"e70054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Effects of Footwear Design on In-Shoe Plantar Pressures, Impact Forces and Comfort in Women With Plantar Heel Pain.","authors":"Melinda M Franettovich Smith, Wolbert van den Hoorn, Adele van den Hoek, Graham Kerr, Sheree E Hurn","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Footwear is often recommended in the management of plantar heel pain (PHP), theoretically to reduce tissue stress during standing and walking; however, limited data exist to guide footwear design and recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plantar pressures, impact forces and comfort during walking were recorded in 29 women with PHP (mean age 47 ± 12 years) in six randomised shoe and insert conditions. A test shoe (polyurethane outsole, 14-mm heel-toe pitch) was compared to a control shoe (rubber outsole, 4-mm heel-toe pitch), and within the test shoe, five different insoles that varied by material, density and arch contouring were also compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test shoe reduced heel peak pressure (15%, p < 0.01) and reduced the loading rate but not the peak magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (average loading rate reduction: 7%, p < 0.01; maximum loading rate: 29%, p < 0.01) and was more comfortable (47%-67%, p < 0.01) compared to the control shoe. Within the test shoe, dual-density inserts with arch contouring showed lower heel peak pressure compared to a lightweight flat insert (11%-12%, p < 0.03). The insert with the firmest material and higher arch contouring showed higher midfoot peak pressure (16%-21%, p < 0.01) compared to other inserts. Forefoot peak pressure did not differ between shoe or insert conditions (p > 0.05). There were no differences in impact forces or comfort between the different inserts within the test shoe (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that shoe and insert properties are both important and provide data to guide footwear design and management recommendations for PHP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Monitoring Charcot Foot and Its Association With Total Contact Cast Treatment Duration and Long-Term Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Johan Schoug, Per Katzman, Erik Uddman, Magnus Löndahl","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/hypothesis: </strong>Charcot foot (CF), a potentially debilitating complication of neuropathy, requires offloading to avoid foot deformities. Follow-up MRI examinations are often used to determine the optimal duration of total contact cast (TCC) offloading treatment. This study investigated the use of follow-up MRI during CF treatment and its relationship to offloading duration and risk of future surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>People with diabetes mellitus and MRI-confirmed CF treated at Skåne University Hospital (Lund and Malmö, Sweden) between 2006 and 2022 were studied retrospectively. Individuals monitored with follow-up MRI examinations were compared with those who only underwent diagnostic MRI. A regression model was applied to evaluate factors predicting TCC and total CF treatment duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred and twenty-two individuals (45 [37%] DM1; 47 [39%] women; median age 60 [IQR 53-68] years) with a total of 143 CF events were included. 76 (53%) of these CF events were monitored using a total of 141 follow-up MRI examinations. Individuals monitored with MRI had significantly longer TCC and total CF treatment durations (p < 0.001). Individual characteristics (with the exception of sex), rate of stage 1 CF, and risk of future surgery did not differ between the two groups and only use of follow-up MRI (p < 0.001) remained a significant predictor of both longer TCC and total CF treatment durations in a regression model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/interpretation: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, use of follow-up MRI was associated with longer TCC and total treatment times despite similar characteristics and outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the optimal use of MRI in monitoring CF.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"e70058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Strengthening Exercises for the Foot and Ankle: A Scoping Review Exploring Adherence to Best Practice for Optimizing Musculoskeletal Health.","authors":"John W A Osborne, Hylton B Menz, Glen A Whittaker, Matthew Cotchett, Karl B Landorf","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Foot and ankle muscle strengthening exercises are common interventions for many musculoskeletal conditions that are associated with pain and limited function in the lower limb. The scientific literature has a multitude of strengthening exercises recommended, and they have been criticized for not adhering to best practice and for being poorly reported. The aims of this scoping review were to (i) describe what foot and ankle strengthening exercises have been recommended in the scientific literature, (ii) compare the prescription of these exercises to best practice recommendations, and (iii) assess the completeness of the reporting of these exercises and exercise programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A systematic search of peer-review journal articles was conducted on 23 February 2023. Study designs that were included were experimental, quasi-experimental, feasibility, pilot studies, and observational. For each study included in the review, study design and participant details such as age, sex, and conditions treated were noted. To describe the foot and ankle strengthening exercises, each exercise was noted, which included its name, the number of sets and repetitions recommended, the load type and its magnitude, and whether there were any progression strategies. Exercises were grouped according to primary movement and a general exercise descriptor. To compare to best practice, each program's prescription parameters of frequency, intensity, and time were compared to the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM) guidelines. To assess completeness of reporting, each study was assessed with the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The search yielded 1511 documents, and 87 were included after full-text screening. Of the included studies, most were randomized controlled trials, and the most common participants were healthy adults (mean age range: 18-83 years). Across all studies, a total of 300 foot and ankle exercises were prescribed. The most common strengthening exercise category involved ankle plantar flexion (25% of 300 exercises), followed by plantar foot intrinsics (16%). The most common prescription of strengthening exercises included 3 sets (37%) of 10 repetitions (38%) performed 3 times per week (34%), often without a prescribed load (66%). Prescribed sets per muscle group met ACSM recommendations for novice lifters in 93% of studies. In contrast, load intensity (for increasing muscle strength) was prescribed at the recommended dose of 60% of 1 repetition maximum or greater in only 2% of exercises. The median score for completeness of reporting according to the CERT checklist was 31% of all items.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This scoping review found that the studies predominantly included ankle plantar flexion and plantar foot intrinsic muscle","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}