Social Science & Medicine最新文献

{"title":"“No one will come and help me make my life”: Ecological-transactional model approach to resilience among people with a history of childhood adversity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilience refers to the ability to employ a collection of protective factors to return to or maintain positive mental health following an experience of disadvantage or adversity. Understanding why some children do well despite early adverse experiences is crucial because it can inform more effective policies and programs that help more children reach their full potential<strong>.</strong> This study aimed to explore and explain the development of resilience within an ecological-transactional framework. A qualitative case study approach was used recruiting participants with history of childhood adversity: six patients with a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis from the main referral psychiatric hospital in Kenya and eight healthy controls from a neighbouring community in Nairobi. The findings indicate that children and their contexts mutually influenced each other. Using the systemic perspective of the ecological-transactional model, our participants identified the home environment (microsystem) as an important enabler of trauma to children. Available social support at both the micro-and exosystem levels, including good caregiver-child relationships, acted as buffers to alleviate the negative influence of adversity, leading to successful adaptation. Our study highlights the significant impact of adversities during childhood and adolescence. In addition, it emphasizes the influence of multiple contexts, supporting the need for appropriate interventions at each level to mitigate the negative consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating exercisality on urban trails using physical exercise trajectory data and network-constrained approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green exercise is a key aspect of urban vitality, supporting the hypothesis that increased physical exercise boosts urban vitality. Although research on urban vitality considers green space a crucial aspect, existing studies have concentrated on external functioning from the perspective of special systems, often overlooking the unique internal functioning associated with exercisers. This study proposed an original conceptual framework of exercisality, which is composed of four dimensions: density, diversity, time continuity and energy expenditure. Considering urban trails are publicly accessible and linear-type green infrastructure for residents to conduct and maintain regular and habitual green exercise, we have developed an innovative quantitative approach to estimate and validate exercisality on urban trails (EUT), by utilizing physical exercise trajectory data from the Keep APP across central Beijing in 2022. The hot spots of EUT were identified through the innovative method of local indicators of network-constrained clusters. It is argued that this new index of EUT which is scale independence when applied to exercise trajectory big data, generates data driven evidence to support human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What matters beyond particle matter?: Examining air pollution's synergistic effects on bodies and health through Bio3Science in Medellin","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific literature on the health effects of air pollution is diverse, and broadly acknowledges the importance of human experience and social and economic precarity as modifying factors. Still, the inclusion of the embodied experience of air pollution has been limited. Also, the health effects of pollution are often studied at the group or population level, without adequately considering individual difference. This paper uses a Bio³Science framework, which integrates biology, biography, and biosphere, to explore how air pollution affects residents in Medellín, Colombia. By using qualitative research on individual experiences of air pollution (biography) to probe the intersection of individual health (biology) and environment (biosphere), we illustrate how pollution shapes lived rhythms at multiple scales. Our findings emphasize that air pollution's health impacts extend beyond measurable pollutants to include the complex synergies of smoke, noise, stress, and disruptions to daily life. This comprehensive approach provides a nuanced understanding of how air pollution materially shapes the lives of individuals and communities, advocating for research models that capture the subtle, everyday experiences often overlooked by traditional group or population-level analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the management of hospital waiting lists by using nudges in letters: A Randomised controlled trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>A commonly adopted intervention to help to reduce wait times for hospital treatment is administrative validation, where administrators write to patients to check if a procedure is still required. The did not return (DNR) rate to validation letters is substantial. We tested whether the DNR rate was reduced by introducing nudges to validation letters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants from eight public hospitals (<em>N =</em> 2855; in 2017) in Ireland were randomized to receive an existing (control group) or a redesigned validation letter including nudges (intervention group).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants in the intervention group were less likely not to return it than those in the control group, <em>OR</em> = .756, SE = .069, <em>p</em> = .002. Control and intervention group DNR rates were 23.97% and 19.24%. This is equivalent to 1 in 5 non-responders changing their behaviour because of the redesigned letter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The redesigned letter increased patient compliance with the validation process. The redesign has subsequently been adopted by public hospitals in Ireland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the effect of historical structural racism on community firearm violence in US cities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The mother seems to traumatize her child”: Examining empathy, denial, and responsibility in day-to-day encounters of families and staff in immigration detention in Canada","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines encounters of mothers and their children with detention facility staff during our fieldwork in immigration detention centres in Canada. We sought to understand how detainees and institutional staff understand each other and their roles within the broader system. Using a critical ethnographic frame that views the inner psychic worlds of subjects as contingent upon larger systems of power and oppression we organize our data around narrative and content themes. Our findings suggest that guards and staff see their roles as <em>protectors</em> of children, even as they communicate implicitly that these families are <em>risks</em>. Further, we propose that staff tend to project the aggressor onto the Other, in this case, migrant mothers, as a way to cope with the moral distress of witnessing the suffering of detained children, and with the burden of potential complicity. By describing how empathy, denial and responsibility are negotiated in these custodial spaces, we analyze the ways these micropolitical encounters can illuminate larger trends in the representation and reception of migrants with important implications for mental health care and border control practices and policy more broadly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953624008074/pdfft?md5=6f3335ce1c7016deec120e6a8be153cd&pid=1-s2.0-S0277953624008074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homes of substance: Drugs and the making of home/lessness for 2S/LGBTQ+ youth","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual minority (2S/LGBTQ+) youth between the ages of 14 and 29 experience inequities in homelessness and substance use. Research in this area has explored substance use as a determinant of homelessness and/or as a coping mechanism, yet far less attention has been directed to the potentially generative role of drugs in this marginalizing context. This community-based photovoice study leverages data from 61 semi-structured interviews with 32 2S/LGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness and unstable housing to examine how drugs shape their practices and contexts of homemaking. Analysis followed a reflexive thematic approach and was informed theoretically by perspectives on home- and place-making, a momentum-stagnation analytical frame, and a narcofeminist ethics of care. This framing centred attention on the possibilities of what drugs can <em>do</em> for 2S/LGBTQ+ youth in terms of shaping selves, homes, and worlds while homeless. We inductively derived three themes: (i) <em>chasing comforts</em>, (ii) <em>striking down stagnation</em>, and (iii) <em>producing precarity</em>. 2S/LGBTQ+ youth consumed substances in chasing comforts including warmth, relief, and a sense of clarity and being more at ease within the context of homelessness and social and material inequity. Their substance use was also a means for striking down stagnation and engendering momentum as they worked to carve out better homes and futures for themselves. Youth frequently drew attention to the temporality and limits of these benefits, however, cautioning that drugs could also turn to producing new forms of precarity that limited what they expected and experienced as possible with respect to their homemaking projects. Findings highlight the generative potential of drugs in the making of home/lessness and provide critical direction for policy and service delivery, including for supports to further consider and attend to the social contexts, meanings, and effects of 2S/LGBTQ+ youths’ substance use in connection with homelessness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953624008062/pdfft?md5=1f74ac2d8a9c45c15cca84a60bd13580&pid=1-s2.0-S0277953624008062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social medicine education towards structural transformation in Palestine","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Social medicine, a field of study that uniquely centers the social and structural drivers of health in society, has been increasingly integrated into medical professional education over the last several decades. In Palestine, due to the fragmentation of Palestinian geographies, education, culture, and health, integrating a social medicine approach for allied health care students has remained elusive. We seek to introduce the theoretical underpinnings and practical implementation of an experiential Palestine social medicine course.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>30 Students from the Gaza Strip, West Bank, and the United States convened at the Institute of Community and Public Health at Birzeit University, Palestine, for a three-week experiential social medicine course. The course introduced critical social and structural frameworks and utilized a biosocial model for training and education that included <em>reflective knowledge acquisition</em> and <em>praxis.</em> Pre- and post-course evaluations provided feedback and insight into the knowledge, attitudes, and learning evolution of the student cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participant experiences highlighted the importance of the critical reflective nature of the course and importance of practice through praxis. Students identified the convening of Palestinians from different regions and the focus on Palestinian-centered perspectives as foundational for the course. Tensions highlighted included the challenges and distress in identifying tangible next steps in addressing the identified structural determinants of Palestinian health.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Palestine social medicine course provided a Palestinian narrative-centered course that focused on critical structural frameworks to identify and clarify the overarching connections of various, fractured Palestinian health experiences. This course provides a model, and first step, towards meaningful decolonial education, partnership, and praxis, while also providing further evidence of the power of mobilizing in health solidarity and the transformative power of the social medicine movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unplanned births and their effects on maternal Health: Findings from the Constances Cohort","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unplanned births remain relatively common, even in regions with high contraceptive prevalence and accessible abortion services, such as contemporary France. Previous studies have shown that unplanned births can have numerous negative consequences for the well-being of mothers and children, including poorer maternal health behaviors, delayed and insufficient prenatal care, and depression during or immediately after pregnancy. However, these studies do not provide conclusive evidence on whether the observed outcomes are a consequence of unplanned births or of the conditions in which they likely occur. Furthermore, scant attention has been given to other dimensions of maternal well-being, such as physical health.</div><div>This study uses longitudinal data from the French Constances Cohort and applies fixed-effects event study models to examine how women's self-rated general health and risk of depressive symptoms are affected in the years following an unplanned birth. Results show that women who had an unplanned birth reported a sudden, significant drop in their general health in the year following the birth, particularly among the youngest, while health outcomes following planned births showed a gradual, slight decrease over the time-period considered. The risk of depressive symptoms increased similarly after birth for both unplanned and planned births. This study contributes to the literature by using a longitudinally constructed measure of unplanned births based on pre-birth fertility intentions, rather than commonly used retrospective measures prone to ex post rationalization. It also distinguishes between unwanted and mistimed births while further examining their consequences on medium-term maternal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White privilege, ethnic disadvantage, and stigmatized linguistic capital: COVID-19 infection rates and lockdown law enforcement in Hong Kong","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing disparities in various societies. This study investigates disparities among racial, ethnic, and linguistic groups in Hong Kong's society in COVID-19 infection rates and lockdown enforcement practices that was imposed 545 times from January 2021 to September 2022 and affected 9% of the population. It is found that neighborhoods with more white individuals had lower infection rates than the overall population, while those with more ethnically minoritized groups had higher infection rates. Furthermore, hit rate tests reveal that the government targeted more neighborhoods with a higher share of individuals from linguistically minoritized groups. This novel finding suggests that not only race, but linguistic difference of the same ethnicity can cause bias. The study highlights the positive impact of providing ethnic support services on health outcomes in neighborhoods with a higher share of individuals from ethnically minoritized groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}