Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba , David K. Jones , Diana Cutts , Allison Bovell-Ammon , Félice Lê-Scherban , Megan Sandel , Eduardo Ochoa Jr. , Ana Poblacion , Deborah A. Frank , Maureen M. Black , Gemmae M. Fix
{"title":"“But who takes care of the mom?”: The daily experiences of immigrant mothers navigating health in family life","authors":"Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba , David K. Jones , Diana Cutts , Allison Bovell-Ammon , Félice Lê-Scherban , Megan Sandel , Eduardo Ochoa Jr. , Ana Poblacion , Deborah A. Frank , Maureen M. Black , Gemmae M. Fix","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study qualitatively explores US immigrant mothers' daily experiences navigating health in the context of the family budget and wider sociopolitical climate. We conducted semi-structured interviews from 9/2020-1/2021 in English and Spanish with 30 immigrant mothers of young children. Interviews were analyzed using both inductive and deductive analytic strategies. Five themes were identified:1) economic strain is persistent; 2) government support alleviated some economic strain but brought other problems; 3) mothers developed strategies drawing on community and creativity to mitigate economic strain; 4) racism and anti-immigrant sentiment harm maternal well-being and shape access to healthcare and social service; 5) mothers prioritized children's healthcare. The findings tie together structural vulnerability, immigration policy, and economic constraint, illuminating how these issues collide in daily life for mothers of young children. Further, each of these longstanding challenges were exacerbated by the dual crises of the pandemic and Trump administration policies. Moreover, the confluence of experiences was intensified by additional pressures at the intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, and immigrant identity, extending work on structural vulnerability and slow violence. The complex mental gymnastics mothers enacted to ensure children and immediate family members had their needs met in the face of unique threats like deportation, often came at the expense of their own well-being. Solutions to these challenges require respectful discourse, equitable, immigrant-inclusive policy and practice changes at state, federal, and health systems levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 117948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disease frames and their consequences for stigma and medical research funds","authors":"Alina Arseniev-Koehler , Rachel Kahn Best","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illnesses are often understood as criminal acts, as medically treatable conditions, or through metaphors of battles and journeys. Theorists suggest that frames vary across diseases and over time in systematic ways, and that frames have concrete consequences for the distribution of resources. But data limitations have prevented scholars from testing these hypotheses. We combine word embeddings and regression analysis to examine four frames for 104 conditions in news media. Our corpus includes over four million news documents published between 1980 and 2018. First, we study the <em>determinants</em> of disease framing by examining which diseases tend to be medicalized, criminalized, and linked to battle and journey metaphors. We find evidence for systematic links between the demographic characteristics of affected individuals and the extent to which diseases are medicalized or criminalized. Next, we examine disease frames’ <em>consequences</em> for stigma and federal medical research funding. While medical and criminal frames are associated with higher levels of stigma, battle and journey frames are associated with less stigma. And while medical, criminal, and battle frames are associated with more research funding, journey frames are associated with less. Together, our results identify the ways in which the social construction of disease reflects and reinforces social inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 117949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Frederick Mkoma , Maria Ingeborg Goldschmidt , Jørgen Holm Petersen , Thomas Benfield , Agneta Cederström , Mikael Rostila , Charles Agyemang , Marie Norredam
{"title":"Socioeconomic disparities in long COVID diagnosis among ethnic minorities in Denmark","authors":"George Frederick Mkoma , Maria Ingeborg Goldschmidt , Jørgen Holm Petersen , Thomas Benfield , Agneta Cederström , Mikael Rostila , Charles Agyemang , Marie Norredam","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low socioeconomic status has been demonstrated as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality. However, whether socioeconomic disparities also influence the risk of long COVID diagnosis among ethnic minorities compared to the native majority population remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study in Denmark, including individuals with a first-time COVID-19 diagnosis between January 2020 and August 2022. The risk of long COVID diagnosis among ethnic groups (defined by country of birth) was compared according to socioeconomic status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2 287 175 COVID-19 cases, 4579 were diagnosed with long COVID. The risk of long COVID diagnosis did not significantly differ by income or educational attainment for most ethnic groups. However, among low-income individuals, migrants had a higher risk of long COVID than native Danes, particularly Eastern Europeans (HR<sub>adjusted</sub> 1.45, 95 % CI [1.25,1.70], p < 0.001), Southeast Asians (HR<sub>adjusted</sub> 2.08, 95 % CI [1.32,3.28], p = 0.002), Middle Easterners (HR<sub>adjusted</sub> 1.65, 95 % CI [1.31,2.07], p < 0.001), and North Africans (HR<sub>adjusted</sub> 1.68, 95 % CI [1.24,2.27], p < 0.001). Additionally, migrant workers (Eastern European, Middle Eastern, and South Asian) in occupational sectors such as “economy, business, and administration”, “operator, driver and transportation service”, “sales and customer service”, “general office and secretarial service” and “education” had a higher long COVID risk than native Danish workers in the same workplaces.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These findings highlight the need to address ethnic disparities in long COVID, particularly among migrants with low income. Workplace interventions and policies targeting work-related vulnerabilities could help reduce the disproportionate burden of long COVID among migrant workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 117944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James S. Malo , Markus H. Schafer , April J. Stull
{"title":"Healthy eating in life course context: Asymmetric implications of socioeconomic origins and destinations","authors":"James S. Malo , Markus H. Schafer , April J. Stull","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Though extensive research links childhood and adult socioeconomic status (SES) to various dimensions of physical and mental health, little of it has examined diet quality, a key health behavior with implications for chronic disease and longevity. Drawing from life course and social mobility perspectives, we investigate how different configurations of SES origin and destination explain variations in the diet quality of American adults. Results from linear regression analyses using the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study indicate that higher SES in both childhood and adulthood is associated with elevated diet quality, while low SES at both time points predicts lower quality. Downward mobility is linked to poorer diet quality only for those who fall to the lowest rung of adulthood SES. Upward mobility, on the other hand, shows no discernible benefits, even for those who rise to the highest SES quartile. Most remarkably, we identify an enduring benefit of early SES advantage that persists despite downward mobility, suggesting the importance of class-based health dispositions cultivated in the family, neighborhood, and peer groups of one's youth. We discuss these origin and destination asymmetries in light of life course theory and health lifestyles, emphasizing how early advantage interacts with broader social forces—such as the 'default American lifestyle'—to shape diet quality across adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 117936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining how social class discrimination is associated with combustible tobacco use, nicotine vaping, and dual use among adolescents in California","authors":"Zena R. Mello , Vani Kakar , Jamie Jaramillo","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescents who are disadvantaged in social class are twice as likely to use tobacco than their counterparts. Despite extensive research showing how social class is associated with using tobacco products, there is limited knowledge about the association between the discrimination that adolescents experience because they are disadvantaged in social class and their use of tobacco products. To provide new knowledge, this cross-sectional study examined the association between social class discrimination and tobacco use among 1,678 adolescents at two public high schools in California. Social class discrimination was measured by assessing adolescents’ experiences based on their social class. Tobacco use was measured with lifetime and past month use of combustible tobacco and nicotine vaping products, categorized into groups: no use, combustible tobacco use only, nicotine vaping use only, and dual use of combustible tobacco and nicotine vaping products. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that social class discrimination was positively associated with lifetime combustible tobacco use (<em>RRR</em> = 1.61<em>)</em>, lifetime dual use (<em>RRR</em> = 1.42), and past month dual use (<em>RRR</em> = 1.81) compared to no use. Race/ethnicity modified these associations. Findings underscore the need for interventions addressing social class discrimination as a key social determinant of health to reduce tobacco use and mitigate health disparities among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 117941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Sinyor , Sangsoo Shin , Jiyun Lee , Steven Stack , Vera Yu Men , Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
{"title":"Suicide rates in South Korea and internationally following release of the Netflix series ‘Squid Game’","authors":"Mark Sinyor , Sangsoo Shin , Jiyun Lee , Steven Stack , Vera Yu Men , Thomas Niederkrotenthaler","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Widely disseminated media depictions of suicide can result in increased suicides, the so-called <em>Werther effect</em>. Season one of the Netflix series <em>Squid Game</em> (SG) was released in September 2021 and contained multiple depictions of suicide, but suicide was not an obvious theme of the show. This study sought to identify whether release of SG resulted in a <em>Werther effect</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined changes in suicide rates in the three-month period following release of SG including weekly suicide rates from the country where SG was filmed (South Korea) (2013–2022) and monthly rates from nine comparator countries (Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain, UK, USA, Colombia, Mexico, Türkiye) (2015–2022). We conducted interrupted time series (ITS) analyses using quasi-Poisson regression, adjusting for impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, linear trends, and seasonality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no evidence of a change in suicides in South Korea in the four weeks after release of SG (IRRs: 0.86, 95% CI 0.71–1.05; 1.13, 95% CI 0.95–1.34; 0.85, 95% CI 0.70–1.02; and 1.08, 95% CI 0.90–1.28, respectively). Age- and sex-stratified results likewise indicated no consistent change in suicide in any specific demographic group. There was no change in monthly suicide rates in the 3-month period following SG in eight of 10 countries with an increase observed in Germany (IRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22) and a decrease observed in the UK (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.97).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that SG did not produce Werther effects. Further studies are needed to confirm if this finding generally applies to entertainment media where suicides are included but not a major theme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 117934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relatively independent and complementary roles of family history and polygenic risk score in age at onset and incident cases of 12 common diseases","authors":"Wenyan Hou , Yuxin Liu , Xingjie Hao , Jike Qi , Yuchen Jiang , Shuiping Huang , Ping Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have systematically compared the overlap and complementarity of family history (FH) and polygenic risk score (PRS) in terms of disease risk. We here investigated the impacts of FH and PRS on the risk of incident diseases or age at disease onset, as well as their clinical value in risk prediction. We analyzed 12 diseases in the prospective cohort study of UK Biobank (<em>N</em> = 461,220). First, restricted mean survival time analysis was performed to evaluate the influences of FH and PRS on age at onset. Then, Cox proportional hazards model was employed to estimate the effects of FH and PRS on the incident risk. Finally, prediction models were constructed to examine the clinical value of FH and PRS in the incident disease risk. Compared to negative FH, positive FH led to an earlier onset, with an average of 2.29 years earlier between the top and bottom 2.5% PRSs and high blood pressure showing the greatest difference of 6.01 years earlier. Both FH and PRS were related to higher incident risk; but they only exhibited weak interactions on high blood pressure and Alzheimer's disease/dementia, and provided relatively independent and partially complementary information on disease susceptibility, with PRS explaining 7.0% of the FH effect but FH accounting for only 1.1% of the PRS effect for incident cases. Further, FH and PRS showed additional predictive value in risk evaluation, with breast cancer showing the greatest improvement (31.3%). FH and PRS significantly affect a variety of diseases, and they are not interchangeable measures of genetic susceptibility, but instead offer largely independent and partially complementary information. Incorporating FH, PRS, and clinical risk factors simultaneously leads to the greatest predictive value for disease risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 117942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sari Hautamäki , Virve Marionneau , Sari Castrén , Jussi Palomäki , Susanna Raisamo , Tomi Lintonen , Pia Pörtfors , Tiina Latvala
{"title":"Methodologies and estimates of social costs of gambling: A scoping review","authors":"Sari Hautamäki , Virve Marionneau , Sari Castrén , Jussi Palomäki , Susanna Raisamo , Tomi Lintonen , Pia Pörtfors , Tiina Latvala","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definition and measurement of social costs has been debated in gambling literature. Predominant framings of gambling have depicted it as a leisure activity without significant costs other than those caused directly by problem gambling. This view has been recently challenged with a public health perspective, adopting a wider definition of social costs that span beyond issues related to treatment and crime.</div><div>Definitional debates have resulted in highly heterogenous approaches to calculating the social costs of gambling. The aim of this review is, first, to assess the kind of costs that have been included in existing estimates; second, to compare overall estimates of social costs; and third, to compare methodological differences.</div><div>We conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews, using the PRISMA-SCR/P tool. The literature search included both peer reviewed publications and grey literature and was conducted in June 2023 and repeated in March 2024. After screening, 26 references were included in the review.</div><div>Estimates in the included studies contained direct costs, such as crime and law enforcement, financial counselling, and treatment-related costs. Indirect cost included items such as health and social care, unemployment, and financial cost of divorce. Intangible costs included, for example, quantifications of suicide, emotional distress, and relationship problems. The number of included cost items varied across studies from 5 to 32. We identified seven different methodological approaches to calculating costs. Total estimates using different approaches varied greatly, ranging from 6 to 324,000 million int$ total, with an average of 3,980 int$ per adult and median 449 int$ per adult.</div><div>We conclude that the high variation in available total estimates is due to differences in number of cost items and methodological approaches. The results highlight the need for consistent international guidelines for calculating the total social cost of gambling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 117940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Marie Thow , Patrick Harris , Raphael Lencucha
{"title":"Vision, relationships, patience … and power: A qualitative analysis of how policy agents scale up cross-sectoral policy for nutrition","authors":"Anne Marie Thow , Patrick Harris , Raphael Lencucha","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malnutrition in all its forms presents an urgent global health challenge and food systems transformation is a critical component of the necessary policy response. However, cross-sectoral policy engagement between nutrition policy makers and the policy sectors responsible for food systems change has proved challenging. This policy analysis focused on how policy makers act as agents within institutions to advance cross-sectoral policy making on food systems and nutrition, informed by theories of policy making and power. Forty-three interviews were conducted with policy actors working at global, regional and national level, in relevant sectors. The interview data were analysed iteratively, informed by theory, with a focus on actor roles, characteristics, skills and capacities and the dynamics between these dimensions. We found that successful cross-sectoral policy engagement for nutrition resulted from a dynamic interaction between agents and institutional structures, within which policy agents were able to exert ‘power to’ influence outcomes, and exert ‘power with’ multidisciplinary teams and cross-sectoral colleagues to effect change. These policy actors were able to shape ideas and create cultures and norms that supported cross-sectoral engagement, which led to effective engagement between policy sectors, characterised by constructive dialogue, shared decisions, trust, goodwill and balancing objectives across sectors. The result of this engagement was consideration of nutrition in policy making in sectors other than health, in ways that resulted in tangible policy outcomes. Success in cross-sectoral policy engagement was seen as strengthening both institutional support for cross-sectoral action on nutrition, and the ability of policy actors to overcome barriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 117939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsai-Chin Cho , Xuexin Yu , Sara D. Adar , HwaJung Choi , Kenneth M. Langa , Lindsay C. Kobayashi
{"title":"Changes in marital and health status as risk factors for a subsequent negative wealth shock: A population-based longitudinal study in the United States, 1995–2020","authors":"Tsai-Chin Cho , Xuexin Yu , Sara D. Adar , HwaJung Choi , Kenneth M. Langa , Lindsay C. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A negative wealth shock, defined as a loss of ≥75% in equivalized household total wealth over a short period, may cause adverse health outcomes for older adults. The individual-level risk factors for experiencing a negative wealth shock in later adulthood are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from 25,072 adults aged ≥55 in the longitudinal, population-based US Health and Retirement Study from 1995 to 2020 (n = 123,651 observations across all study respondents). We performed multivariable-adjusted Poisson mixed effects models to examine the association of each of the four risk factors, 1) separation from or loss of a spouse/partner; 2) transition from better to worse self-reported general health; 3) transition from low to high depressive symptoms; and 4) transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) or dementia, with the subsequent experience of a negative wealth shock in mid-to-later life.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All four risk factors increased the likelihood of newly experiencing a negative wealth shock: separation from or loss of a spouse/partner (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.78), transition from excellent/good to fair/poor self-reported general health (IRR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.23), transition from low to high depressive symptoms (IRR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19), and transition from normal to CIND or dementia (IRR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.22).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This long-timespan, population-based study suggests that adverse changes in marital or health status in mid-to-later life may signal risks for a future negative wealth shock. Public policy interventions to support aging adults at risk of a negative wealth shock may be warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 117905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}