Social Science & Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Public preferences for skin cancer prevention policies: a discrete choice experiment in three European countries","authors":"Sander Boxebeld ,&nbsp;Niek Mouter ,&nbsp;Job van Exel","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In many countries, the incidence of skin cancer is growing rapidly, resulting in a substantive health and economic burden. While the wide range of available skin cancer prevention policies may have large individual and societal benefits, many countries still lack a policy strategy, and little is known about public preferences for collective prevention policy measures. We elicited these preferences using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in Austria, the Netherlands, and Spain to inform policy action.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Respondents were asked to choose twelve times between two packages of different prevention policies. Each package was described by its estimated effectiveness and costs. Before and after the DCE, respondents were asked for their support for any policy action. We quota-sampled adult citizens in each of the countries from an online panel (N = 2,442). The choice data were analyzed using multinomial logit (MNL) and mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Almost all attributes significantly influenced respondents’ choices, with the tax attribute being most influential in each country. Among the six policy measures, information campaigns and a price reduction of sunscreen were the most preferred policy measures, and the prohibition of solar bed sales and solaria the least preferred. Preference structures were largely consistent across the countries. Finally, most respondents supported policy action, particularly after the DCE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Citizens in the three countries recommended their governments to take policy action against the increasing incidence of skin cancer. The results provide policymakers with directions for publicly supported policy action, which should be complemented with additional information on preference heterogeneity, citizens' argumentation, and policies’ relative (cost-)effectiveness. The suggestion that preferences for policy action adapted over the course of completing the DCE survey should be further examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 118155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating candidacy: Qualitative study of a link work intervention to support individuals with severe mental ill health to access dental care","authors":"Louise Laverty ,&nbsp;Jasper Palmier-Claus ,&nbsp;Rebecca Harris ,&nbsp;Christopher Lodge ,&nbsp;Neil Caton ,&nbsp;Abigail Morris ,&nbsp;Fiona Lobban","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vulnerable and socially excluded groups in society persistently experience worse oral health and poorer access to dental services than the mainstream population. This article reports on the qualitative component of a feasibility trial evaluating a link work intervention to support individuals with severe mental illness to access dental healthcare in Northwest England. Using the Candidacy Model as a conceptual framework, interviews with eighteen participants and the three link workers were carried out to explore the challenges individuals face in navigating access to dental services and how this is negotiated with health professionals and systems. The findings show how the consequences and significance of poor mental health impede access to dental care that is already scarce and hard to reach. The link workers mediated candidacy by taking on some of the burdens of access and providing a buffer to power differentials built into the healthcare system. They provided person-centred support that participants valued as holistic and non-judgemental. As a result, participants felt more able and willing to return to dental services in the future. The discussion considers how the literature on candidacy can be helpful in understanding how link work interventions may reduce inequalities in access for vulnerable groups but are dependent on wider organisational conditions and provision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 118044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide and ill-defined/undetermined deaths in urban areas in Japan: a national database study, 2008–2022","authors":"Takashi Yamauchi ,&nbsp;Takashi Shimazaki ,&nbsp;Tadashi Takeshima ,&nbsp;Kimiharu Iwadate ,&nbsp;Machi Suka","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suicide deaths are defined as deaths due to “intentional self-harm” in accordance with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. However, “ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality,” “accidents,” and “event of undetermined intent” may also account for hidden suicides. This study compared the state of deaths due to suicide and ill-defined/undetermined causes across urban areas in Japan over the past 15 years using vital statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed vital statistics data including information on all deaths identified under suicide and ill-defined/undetermined death category among Japanese citizens aged ≥10 years who lived in a government ordinance-designated city between 2008 and 2022. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for each cause of death and compared among designated cities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mortality rates due to “intentional self-harm” for those aged ≥65 years decreased during the study period, whereas mortality rates due to “ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality” for those aged ≥65 years sharply increased by nearly three times. Substantial differences in SMRs for “ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality” were observed among designated cities. There was no significant change in SMRs between the pre- and peri-COVID-19 pandemic periods in each designated city.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In Japan, the state of deaths due to “ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality” substantially differed among designated cities. Attention must be paid to changes in the state of deaths due to ill-defined/undetermined causes as well as suicide deaths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 118136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional identities and new technologies of hepatitis C point-of-care testing","authors":"Anna Conway ,&nbsp;Alison D. Marshall ,&nbsp;Jason Grebely ,&nbsp;Guillaume Fontaine ,&nbsp;Carla Treloar","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>New hepatitis C virus (HCV) point-of-care testing technologies need models of care which involve new tasks to be performed by the health workforce (e.g., pathologists, community health workers, and peer workers). This change in tasks may challenge existing core patterns of work and professional identities. This study explores the interactions between professional identity and new technologies of HCV point-of-care testing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between September 2023 and January 2024, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with people involved in HCV policymaking in Australia. The sample consisted of 29 participants working in seven Australian jurisdictions or nationally: 13 from departments of health, six from community-led organisations, five from local health districts, and five from pathology services. Data were coded according to themes identified in a prior conceptual review of professional identity. Analysis explored the bidirectional relationship between professional identities and the implementation of point-of-care testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three themes were identified which explain the role of professional identity in influencing implementation of HCV point-of-care testing. Everyday interpersonal interactions influenced perceptions of risk. Maintaining high quality in point-of-care testing is valued across professions but the interpretation of quality is varied. Workers who deliver services directly to people at risk of HCV emphasise agility as a characteristic of their group identity which also distinguishes them from other professions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Professional identities are shaping the rollout of HCV point-of-care testing. The prioritisation of risk, agility, and quality in professional identities shape the possibilities for HCV point-of-care testing. The analysis demonstrates the inextricability of new technology from the people who deliver it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 118140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evictions, legal counsel, and population health: A mixed methods study","authors":"Will von Geldern","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Access to stable, affordable housing is critical for physical and mental health. As affordable housing has become increasingly inaccessible for many American households, eviction has become a common experience for renters. Existing eviction research has motivated an ongoing movement to provide universal legal counsel to evicted tenants through Right to Counsel (RTC) initiatives. While prior studies have explored the potential population health benefits of RTC programs, more research is needed to comprehensively understand the effectiveness of RTC as a public health intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a sequential exploratory design, this study first presents qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with evicted tenants who received legal aid from Washington State's first-in-the-nation statewide RTC program (n = 45). These results are supplemented with descriptive, quantitative analysis of case outcomes (n = 970 cases from January 2024) which tenants identified as being related to mental and physical health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Attorneys help their clients manage the psychological and logistical burdens of an eviction, resulting in the perception of reduced stress. Legal representation is linked to case outcomes which could improve short-term housing security and long-term housing trajectories. Findings also demonstrate that tenants are approximately half as likely as their landlords to have legal representation during their eviction proceedings despite the program's broad eligibility criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results demonstrate the potential health benefits of legal representation for tenants. While prior research has identified many health-related benefits of legal representation for tenants, policymakers may need to increase representation rates to maximize the population health benefits of RTC programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 118134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An absence of accountability: Evidence of employers’ failure to measure and manage employee health benefits administration","authors":"Sara J. Singer ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Pfeffer ,&nbsp;Margaret C. Nikolov","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because employers provide health benefits to &gt;50 % of the working age U.S. population, benefits managers at companies who purchase and potentially oversee design and delivery of health benefits have an important role in affecting healthcare delivery. We sought to assess how companies measure and manage health benefits, because these dimensions of accountability affect the performance of the health ecosystem. We randomly sampled companies and obtained data from &gt;200 people knowledgeable about health benefits administration in their organizations. Our novel survey comprehensively inquired about what data concerning health benefits operations companies collected and who, if anyone, was responsible for aspects of employee benefits experience and outcomes. We found a surprisingly small amount of accountability for employer-provided health benefits. For instance, 39 % of companies <em>never</em> requested any feedback from their employees about their health benefits, just 6 % assessed the time employees spent getting questions about their health benefits answered, and &lt;5 % of companies measured how often employees postponed filling a prescription or seeing a doctor because of cost. Moreover, there was a widespread absence of accountability for the performance of health plans. On average, 64 % of 15 health benefits performance dimensions were managed by <em>no one,</em> and more than half of respondents reported that no one in their organizations was held accountable for either the physical (64 %) or emotional (59 %) wellbeing of the workforce. Companies mostly provide minimal oversight of the health plans they provide to their employees. This lack of accountability is inconsistent with employers’ responsibilities to effectively manage the benefits they provide and almost certainly contributes to the well-documented problems of employee dissatisfaction with third party health benefits administrators and the frustration and wasted time spent accessing care and reimbursement that occasionally results in care delayed or denied, with consequences for both behavioral and physical health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 118131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroeconomic antecedents of involuntary psychiatric commitments in Denmark","authors":"Parvati Singh ,&nbsp;Marquianna Griffin ,&nbsp;Camilla Hvidtfeldt ,&nbsp;Lars H. Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Economic downturns may increase involuntary psychiatric commitments in a population through several mechanisms. This study examines the population-level association between economic downturns and involuntary psychiatric commitments in Denmark, and assesses whether this relation differs across Danes and non-western immigrants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the relation between quarterly aggregated counts of unemployed persons (exposure) and involuntary psychiatric commitments (outcomes) in the (1) overall population, (2) among Danes (excluding non-western immigrants), and (3) among non-western immigrants in Denmark, over 72 quarters, from 2001 to 2018, using Danish register data. We specified our exposure as the quarterly counts of unemployed persons in Denmark (0, 1 quarterly lags). We used time-series analyses to control for autocorrelation, change in underlying population and quarterly volume of voluntary (i.e. non-coercive) psychiatric inpatient admissions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results from time-series analyses indicate 15 additional involuntary psychiatric commitments in the overall Danish population, one quarter after increase in 50,000 additional unemployed persons (p-value &lt;0.05). We also observe 7 additional involuntary commitments among non-western immigrants at exposure lag 1 (p-value &lt;0.05). Our discovered coefficients correspond with a 2.3 % increase in involuntary commitments in the overall population and a 9 % increase among non-western immigrants one quarter following a 1 standard deviation increase in unemployed persons in Denmark.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings show an increase in involuntary psychiatric commitments following macroeconomic downturns in Denmark.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 118133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness in the school curriculum? A nationwide cluster-randomized trial of the effectiveness of implementing a mindfulness-based intervention for 9–16-year-olds students in Danish elementary schools","authors":"Lise Juul ,&nbsp;Morten Frydenberg ,&nbsp;Emilie Hasager Bonde ,&nbsp;Michelle Sand Beck ,&nbsp;Katinka Goetzsche ,&nbsp;Heidi Berg Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lone Overby Fjorback","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a teacher-training program for integrating a ten-session, school-based mindfulness program into regular classroom instruction in Danish elementary schools. The focus was on the mental health of students in grades 4 to 9. The primary study population comprised at-risk students, with the total students serving as a secondary study population. We also examined whether intervention effects were modified by sex and grade.</div><div>In a nationwide cluster-randomized trial in 2019–2020 (during COVID-19), schools were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention (54 schools, 97 teachers, 836 students, including 186 at-risk students) or teaching as usual (56 schools, 94 teachers, 892 students, including 165 at-risk students). Thirteen validated self-report measures of mental health were collected at baseline, five, and eight months, with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties Score as the primary outcome. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using mixed-effects linear regression models and bootstrapping.</div><div>Follow-up data were obtained from 25 intervention schools (605 students, including 129 at-risk) and 28 teaching-as-usual schools (745 students, including 143 at-risk). Among at-risk students, Cohen's d for the Total Difficulties score at eight months was 0.05 (95 % CI -0.29 to 0.40), and no statistically significant effect was observed in the total study population.</div><div>Secondary analyses indicated that the intervention led to increased perceived hyperactivity/inattention—particularly among boys and younger students—and poorer self-rated health among at-risk students.</div><div>A deeper understanding of the mechanisms in school-based mindfulness-based interventionss and key factors for implementing them with fidelity requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 118117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widening disparities in all-cause and despair-related mortality among Swedish youths: Disentangling selection and causation","authors":"Björn Högberg ,&nbsp;Simone Scarpa","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising rates of \"deaths of despair\" – mortality from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related causes – have contributed to widening educational disparities in mortality. It is not known to what extent the trends are due to selection effects (health causing education, or a third factor causing both) or social causation (education affecting health). This study investigated the relative contribution of selection and causation for these trends, focusing on the recently documented widening achievement-based disparities in mortality among Swedish youths.</div><div>To this end, two cohorts of Swedish compulsory school graduates (graduating in 1992–1993 and 2009–2010, respectively) were followed for eight years after graduation using comprehensive administrative data (n = 424,715). Logistic regression models were used to assess the role of pre-graduation selection, while inverse odds ratio-weighting was used to assess mediation by post-graduation socioeconomic disadvantages.</div><div>Roughly half of the association between low achievement and all-cause and despair-related mortality within cohorts was due to selection. However, selection effects did not explain the widening disparities over time. Socioeconomic mediators accounted for most of the remaining disparities within cohorts as well as of for most of the increase in these disparities over time. Overall, social causation was more important than selection in explaining the widening educational disparities in all-cause and despair-related mortality.</div><div>We conclude that low academic achievement increasingly constrains life-course prospects of Swedish youths, amplifying its adverse health consequences. These findings highlight the need for lower barriers in the education system and for viable educational and employment pathways for low-achieving students in an increasingly knowledge-intensive labor market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 118130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quiet currency of age - A phenomenological study of older adults' roles in reverse ageism in senior living facilities","authors":"Shi Yin Chee","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ageism is often viewed as a one-way street, with older adults as the primary victims. But what happens when the roles are reversed? This study explores the less examined phenomenon of reverse ageism within senior living facilities, drawing on the lived experiences of older adults to examine how age-related dynamics shape interactions, autonomy, and caregiving roles within senior living facilities. Through semi-structured interviews with 20 older adults across four senior living facilities, analyzed using Moustakas' transcendental phenomenology and the Modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method, four key themes emerged: the quiet currency of age, the push-pull of care, ethical tensions in caregiving, and social fragmentation versus emotional security. Age operates as a silent channel of authority, enabling older adults to exert authority in caregiving relationships, at times influencing dynamics that may challenge the professional autonomy of younger caregivers and shift traditional power balances. Controlling small but significant choices may diminish caregivers’ role, introducing ethical complexities, emotional friction, and shifts in caregiving authority. This push and pull between authority and vulnerability shows that ageism is not a one-directional phenomenon. These findings offer actionable insights for caregivers, facility managers, and policymakers, advocating for systemic changes such as policy shifts and intergenerational training to enhance teamwork, reduce isolation, support cognitive resilience, and rebalance authority in senior living facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 118087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}