Biomedical Microdevices最新文献_第7页

An Osmosis-driven 3D-printed brain implant for drug delivery 一个由渗透驱动的3d打印大脑植入物，用于药物输送。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00759-w

Ata Ullah, Jade Bookwalter, Himanshu Sant, Azur Azapagic, Jill Shea, Reed Berlet, Neilank Jha, Julian Bailes, Bruce K. Gale

{"title":"An Osmosis-driven 3D-printed brain implant for drug delivery","authors":"Ata Ullah, Jade Bookwalter, Himanshu Sant, Azur Azapagic, Jill Shea, Reed Berlet, Neilank Jha, Julian Bailes, Bruce K. Gale","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00759-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00759-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glioblastoma is a highly malignant brain tumor with limited survival rates due to challenges in complete surgical excision, high recurrence (> 90%), and the inefficacy of systemic drug delivery. Significant efforts have been made to develop drug-loaded brain implants, catheters, and wafers aimed at enhancing survival rates by suppressing tumor recurrence. However, these devices often fail due to clogging, reflux, and the inability to be fully implanted intracranially. Furthermore, a lack of tissue penetration, diffusion distance, and duration of therapy have limited effectiveness of these implants. To address existing challenges, this study reports an osmosis-driven, 3D-printed brain implant with the potential for precise device customization to meet therapeutic needs, while negating systemic toxicity. It is capable of being loaded with two distinct therapeutic agents and implanted directly into the tumor resection cavity during surgery. The device features dual reservoirs, osmotic membranes, and precision-engineered needles for anchoring the device in the resection cavity and perfusing. Further, the device was characterized in vitro using 0.2% agarose gel as a brain tissue analog, with food dye as a drug analog and sodium chloride serving as an osmogen. A design of experiment approach was implemented to investigate various parameters, including membrane pore size, osmogen concentration, needle length, and their effects on release rates. The results demonstrated that the optimized implant achieves flow rates of 2.5 ± 0.1 µl/Hr and diffusion distance of up to 15.5 ± 0.4 mm, using 25 nm pore osmotic membranes with 25.3% osmogen concentration, aligning with model predictions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chlorhexidine loaded nanomaterials for dental plaque control: enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility 氯己定负载纳米材料用于牙菌斑控制：增强抗菌活性和生物相容性。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00755-0

Aram Rostami, Vahid Molabashi, Saber Ganji, Seyedeh Parvaneh Moosavi, Alireza Koushki, Sonia Fathi-karkan, Kianoosh Ghaderi, Mehdi Shahgolzari

引用次数: 0

Novel dual-lumen microneedle delivers adeno-associated viral vectors in the guinea pig inner ear via the round window membrane 新型双腔微针通过圆窗膜在豚鼠内耳内传递腺相关病毒载体。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00751-4

Daniella R. Hammer, François Voruz, Aykut Aksit, Eugénie Breil, Francis Rousset, Pascal Senn, Sten Ilmjärv, Elizabeth S. Olson, Anil K. Lalwani, Jeffrey W. Kysar

{"title":"Novel dual-lumen microneedle delivers adeno-associated viral vectors in the guinea pig inner ear via the round window membrane","authors":"Daniella R. Hammer, François Voruz, Aykut Aksit, Eugénie Breil, Francis Rousset, Pascal Senn, Sten Ilmjärv, Elizabeth S. Olson, Anil K. Lalwani, Jeffrey W. Kysar","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00751-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00751-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The clinical need for minimally invasive inner ear diagnostics and therapeutics has grown rapidly in recent years, particularly with the development of gene therapies for treating hearing and balance disorders. These therapies often require delivery of large injectate volumes that can cause hearing damage. In response to this challenge, dual-lumen microneedles, with two separate fluidic pathways controlled independently by micropumps, were designed for simultaneous aspiration and delivery to the inner ear across the round window membrane (RWM) and were fabricated using 2-photon polymerization (2PP). To assess the proof of concept of the dual-lumen microneedle device, simultaneous injection of 5 µL of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and aspiration of 5 µL of perilymph was performed in guinea pigs in vivo. Hearing thresholds were measured using auditory brainstem response (ABR) at time points before and 1 week after the procedure. Confocal imaging of the cochlea, the utricle, and the contralateral inner ear was employed to quantify and characterize the spatial distribution of hair cells with AAV transduction. Dual-lumen microneedle devices were found to be functional in the surgical setting. There was hearing loss limited to higher frequencies of 24 kHz and 28 kHz with ABR mean threshold shifts of 13 dB sound pressure level (SPL) (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and 23 dB SPL (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, cochlear AAV transduction with a stereotypical basoapical gradient was observed in all animals (<i>n</i> = 5). Thus, dual-lumen microneedles can facilitate delivery of large volumes of therapeutic material into the inner ear, overcoming the limitations of single-lumen microneedles.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lab on chips for liquid biopsy: a flexible and customized approach through microfabrication 液体活检芯片实验室：通过微加工灵活定制的方法。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00757-y

Valeria Garzarelli, Alessia Foscarini, Vanessa Indirli, Ilaria Menon, Diego Mangiullo, Tiziano Verri, Elisabetta Primiceri, Annamaria Nigro, Angelo Quattrini, Alessandro Romano, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Giuseppe Gigli, Francesco Ferrara

{"title":"Lab on chips for liquid biopsy: a flexible and customized approach through microfabrication","authors":"Valeria Garzarelli, Alessia Foscarini, Vanessa Indirli, Ilaria Menon, Diego Mangiullo, Tiziano Verri, Elisabetta Primiceri, Annamaria Nigro, Angelo Quattrini, Alessandro Romano, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Giuseppe Gigli, Francesco Ferrara","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00757-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00757-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer early detection is one of the most challenging purposes of preventive medicine. Liquid biopsy represents a revolutionary approach, fostering access to early screening and increasing patients’ compliance, two crucial issues in reaching the largest possible audience in prevention campaigns. To facilitate this approach, the deployment of innovative methods for easy manipulation of biological fluids and the availability of devices for the rapid and low-cost detection of biomarkers is essential. The aim of this study was the optimization of multifunctional Lab-On-Chips with the final aim of realizing a platform for oral carcinoma cells trapping from a complex biological fluid as saliva and for specific subcellular components like extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the neuroblastoma cell model. A set of different microfluidic building blocks was realized through poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) micromilling, microfabricated and functionalized to optimize surface chemistry for capturing tumor cells or EVs in multiple channels, assess working concentration for biological fluids and combine sample preparation with detection modules all in the same chip. After optimization, a proof-of-concept device was realized mimicking liquid biopsy analysis from saliva, a biological fluid readily available and with a high compliance from patients, useful for the early diagnosis of cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 3D vascularized tumor spheroid microfluidic platform for head and neck cancer research: new insights 用于头颈癌研究的三维血管化肿瘤球体微流控平台：新见解。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00748-z

Jooin Bang, Jiyoung Yeo, Su Ji Lee, Hansol Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Sohyeon Jeong, Eeseul Kang, Hoon Suk Rho, YongTae Kim, Jun-Ook Park

{"title":"A 3D vascularized tumor spheroid microfluidic platform for head and neck cancer research: new insights","authors":"Jooin Bang, Jiyoung Yeo, Su Ji Lee, Hansol Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Sohyeon Jeong, Eeseul Kang, Hoon Suk Rho, YongTae Kim, Jun-Ook Park","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00748-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00748-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional in vitro cancer models often fail to replicate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. We have developed a 3D micro-engineered vascularized organoid chip (VOC) platform to enhance the physiological relevance of in vivo tumor models. This platform incorporates patient-derived tumor spheroids from head and neck cancer patients, providing a more accurate simulation of the native tumor microenvironment. We evaluated the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and sunitinib on angiogenic sprouting and cell viability of red fluorescent protein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (RFP-HUVECs) and head and neck cancer patient-derived tumor spheroids cultured in the VOC platform. A 3D micro-engineered VOC platform was developed to provide a physiologically relevant environment for RFP-HUVECs and head and neck cancer patient-derived tumor spheroids. Cellular responses to 5-FU and sunitinib were examined over 14 days, focusing on interactions and behavior in the VOC setup. 5-FU and sunitinib significantly inhibited angiogenic sprouting and reduced cell viability. Notably, these drugs induced changes in cellular network formation and disrupted the structural integrity of patient-derived spheroids, emphasizing the effectiveness of these drugs in a model that closely simulates the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancer. Our study demonstrates the potential of the 3D vascularized tumor spheroid microfluidic chip as a valuable tool for personalized treatment and investigation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This platform simulates the tumor microenvironment and offers exceptional precision in evaluating drug efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small form factor implantable neural probe with efficient flip chip µLED for in vivo optogenetics 小型植入式神经探针，高效倒装芯片，用于体内光遗传学。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00754-1

Mafalda Abrantes, Tiago Pereira, Patrícia Silva, Margarida Falcão, Jérôme Borme, Pedro Alpuim, Luis Jacinto

{"title":"Small form factor implantable neural probe with efficient flip chip µLED for in vivo optogenetics","authors":"Mafalda Abrantes, Tiago Pereira, Patrícia Silva, Margarida Falcão, Jérôme Borme, Pedro Alpuim, Luis Jacinto","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00754-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00754-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optogenetics is a widely used tool to dissect neural circuits with optical stimulation, but it requires that light is delivered to photosensitive neurons inside the brain. Implantable neural probes with microscale LEDs (µLEDs) are an emerging approach to delivering light to the brain with superior light output control. However, approaches to integrate µLEDs in neural probes depend on complex fabrication processes. Here, we developed an implantable small form factor neural probe that integrates highly efficient commercial flip chip µLEDs using only standard lithography processes in silicon and a custom automated LED mounting approach with custom 3D-printed tools on a pick-and-place machine. The probe has a cross-sectional area under 0.013 mm<sup>2</sup> but can output up to 2.5 mW of optical power with an irradiance of 175 mW/mm<sup>2</sup>. Due to the high plug efficiency of the LED, the neural probe can perform stimulation protocols up to 20 Hz and 80% duty cycles without surpassing estimated hotspot temperature elevations above 1 ºC. The neural probes were validated in vivo, with brain activity in the motor cortex of transgenic mice being reliably modulated by pulsed light emitted from the probe.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustained - release microspheric gel of meloxicam: Preparation, evaluation in vitro and in vivo 美洛昔康缓释微球凝胶的制备及体外、体内评价。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00753-2

Peng Zheng, Yongtao Wei, Keren Cao, Chen Xu, Shanshan Yu, Yang Liu, Min Li, Chunyan Zhang, Tao Wang

{"title":"Sustained - release microspheric gel of meloxicam: Preparation, evaluation in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Peng Zheng, Yongtao Wei, Keren Cao, Chen Xu, Shanshan Yu, Yang Liu, Min Li, Chunyan Zhang, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00753-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00753-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the common form of chronic joint disease. The disease progression can affect all joints of the body, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. The most effective clinical treatment for OA at the moment is the oral or intravenous administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as meloxicam (MX). However, certain challenges associated with the conventional use of those drugs include long dosing cycles, poor patient compliance, and systemic toxic side effects, primarily gastrointestinal reactions. Joint synovial fluid mainly consists of sodium hyaluronate (HA). In recent years, HA has been developed and used to treat OA with local injections. However, it also faces the limitations of short injection cycle, frequent administration, and increases the risk of exogenous infection. In this study, a microsphere gel formulation containing PL407, HA and meloxicam microspheres was prepared and the MX-MS-Gel system showed good performance, syringeability and stability. The results of in vitro release studies showed that the MX-MS-Gel released 8.6% in vitro at 72 h and 28.0% at 480 h, with a more moderate drug release. By injecting iodoacetic acid into the knee joint of rats to establish an OA model, MX-MS-Gel significantly improved the inflammatory response of OA, while the safety of MX-MS-Gel was superior and evaluated in this study, which was safe. The results showed that MX-MS-Gel could realize the purpose of delaying the drug release rate and reducing the frequency of administration, thus improving patient compliance and medication safety.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxygen transport in nanoporous SiN membrane compared to PDMS and polypropylene for microfluidic ECMO 微流控ECMO中氧在纳米孔SiN膜中的传输与PDMS和聚丙烯膜的比较。

IF 3.3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00750-5

Nayeem Imtiaz, William A. Stoddard, Abdelrahman Ghazy, Steven W. Day

{"title":"Oxygen transport in nanoporous SiN membrane compared to PDMS and polypropylene for microfluidic ECMO","authors":"Nayeem Imtiaz, William A. Stoddard, Abdelrahman Ghazy, Steven W. Day","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00750-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00750-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a crucial intervention for patients with severe pulmonary dysfunction by facilitating oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal. While traditional ECMO systems are effective, their large priming volumes and significant blood-contacting surface areas can lead to complications, particularly in neonates and pediatric patients. Microfluidic ECMO systems offer a promising alternative by miniaturizing the ECMO technology, reducing blood volume requirements, and minimizing device surface area to improve safety and efficiency. This study investigates the oxygen transport performance of three membrane types— polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polypropylene, and a novel nanoporous silicon nitride (NPSiN) membrane—in a microfluidic ECMO platform. While nanoporous membranes rely on pore-mediated diffusion and PDMS on polymer lattice diffusion, results show no significant differences in device oxygenation efficiency (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Blood-side factors, including the diffusion rate of oxygen through the red blood cell (RBC) membrane, RBC residence time, and hemoglobin binding kinetics, were identified as primary bottlenecks. Even computational models of a hypothetical infinitely permeable membrane corroborate the limited impact of membrane material. These findings suggest a shift in ECMO design priorities from membrane material to blood-side enhancements. This research provides a foundation for optimizing ECMO systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible porous microneedle array for bioelectric skin patch 用于生物电皮肤贴片的柔性多孔微针阵列

IF 3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00749-y

Soichiro Tottori, Mirai Matsuura, Sae Ichinose, Haechang Cho, Tarryn Galloway, Natsuho Moriyama, Matsuhiko Nishizawa

引用次数: 0

Cyanocobalamin-loaded dissolving microneedles for enhanced transdermal delivery: development, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation 用于增强透皮给药的氰钴胺负载溶解微针：开发、表征和药代动力学评价

IF 3 4区医学

Biomedical Microdevices Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-025-00747-0

Mousam Bhowmik, Rajamma A. J., Sateesha S. B., Chandan R. S., Girija E. K., Punith M, Ebna Azizal Omar, Rajesh R

{"title":"Cyanocobalamin-loaded dissolving microneedles for enhanced transdermal delivery: development, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation","authors":"Mousam Bhowmik, Rajamma A. J., Sateesha S. B., Chandan R. S., Girija E. K., Punith M, Ebna Azizal Omar, Rajesh R","doi":"10.1007/s10544-025-00747-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-025-00747-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study demonstrates cyanocobalamin-loaded dissolving microneedles (CNBL-MNs) as a minimally invasive transdermal solution for managing cyanocobalamin (CNBL) deficiency, offering an alternative to intramuscular injections and oral supplements. The CNBL-MNs were developed using biodegradable, water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, Dextran K40, and chitosan to ensure controlled and gradual release of the CNBL. The formulation’s stability and integrity were assessed through FTIR and XRD analyses. SEM imaging revealed well-formed microneedles with a height of 800 μm, a 200 μm base diameter, and a 500 μm pitch. EDS confirmed the successful incorporation of CNBL in the microneedle array. The Parafilm<sup>®</sup> membrane insertion test revealed that the microneedles had strong mechanical properties and achieved 100% penetration efficiency. The microneedle array also demonstrated excellent (<i>P</i> > 0.05) flexibility and structural stability. Ex-vivo release studies showed that 88.51% of the CNBL was released over 48 h, following a first-order kinetic model. The <i>n</i> value of 0.51 for Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicate an anomalous transport mechanism, suggesting a combination of diffusion and erosion. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in Wistar rats demonstrates that CNBL-MNs-2 exhibited a larger area under the curve (AUC₀–t) (61.57 ± 4.23 ng·h/mL) than the IP injection (37.04 ± 5.83 ng·h/mL), indicating significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) increase in systemic availability and sustained release. The Cmax of CNBL-MNs-2 (6.10 ± 0.533 ng/mL) was comparable to that of the IP injection (6.20 ± 1.5 ng/mL), confirming efficient systemic absorption <i>via</i> the microneedle system. Additionally, Tmax was significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) prolonged with CNBL-MNs-2 (8 h) compared to the IP injection (2 h), suggesting a slower, more controlled CNBL release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0