Cancer Control最新文献

{"title":"Macrophage Polarisation in the Tumour Microenvironment: Recent Research Advances and Therapeutic Potential of Different Macrophage Reprogramming.","authors":"Rongqi Guo, Rui Wang, Weisong Zhang, Yangyang Li, Yihao Wang, Hao Wang, Xia Li, Jianxiang Song","doi":"10.1177/10732748251316604","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251316604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Macrophages are a critical component of the innate immune system, derived from monocytes, with significant roles in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. In the tumour microenvironment, however, macrophages are often reprogrammed into tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), which promote tumour growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review recent advancements in the understanding of macrophage polarisation and reprogramming, highlighting their role in tumour progression and potential as therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>This is a review article synthesising findings from recent studies on macrophage polarisation and reprogramming in tumour biology.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Not applicable (review of existing literature).</p><p><strong>Data collection and/or analysis: </strong>Key studies were identified and summarised to explore mechanisms of macrophage polarisation and reprogramming, focusing on M1/M2 polarisation, metabolic and epigenetic changes, and pathway regulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Macrophage reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment involves complex mechanisms, including phenotypic and functional alterations. These processes are influenced by M1/M2 polarisation, metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, and various signalling pathways. TAMs play a pivotal role in tumour progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, making them prime targets for combination therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding the mechanisms underlying macrophage polarisation and reprogramming offers promising avenues for developing therapies to counteract tumour progression. Future research should focus on translating these insights into clinical applications for effective cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251316604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal Mining and Analysis of Drug-Induced Myelosuppression: A Real-World Study From FAERS.","authors":"Kaiyue Xia, Shupeng Chen, Yingjian Zeng, Nana Tang, Meiling Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10732748251337362","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251337362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionDrug-induced myelosuppression (DIM) is a serious side effect of several medications, particularly chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, and targeted therapies, which can lead to infections, anemia, and bleeding. While these drugs are effective, their adverse effects can disrupt treatment plans and reduce quality of life. However, early identification of DIM remains challenging, as many associated drugs do not explicitly list this risk, complicating clinical monitoring.MethodsThis study utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to perform signal mining and assess the risks of DIM. Reports from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2024 were analyzed using signal detection algorithms such as Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). These methods helped identify drug signals related to DIM and explore risk factors and occurrence patterns.ResultsThe study analyzed 21 380 adverse event reports related to DIM, showing a significant increase in the number of reports since 2019, peaking at 3501 in 2021. Among patients, 50.2% were female, 35.5% were male, and the majority (44.42%) were aged between 18 and 65. Breast cancer patients had the highest DIM incidence (10.6%). Geographically, China reported the most cases (57.4%), followed by Japan (12.4%), and the United States (6.76%). The drugs most frequently linked to DIM included trastuzumab, bevacizumab, venetoclax, methotrexate, and pertuzumab. Additionally, 12 new drug signals were identified that were not labeled for DIM risk, including PERTUZUMAB, SODIUM CHLORIDE, and MESNA, which showed particularly strong or unexpected associations.ConclusionThis study identifies new DIM-related drug signals and emphasizes the need for early detection to improve clinical management and optimize treatment regimens. The findings provide valuable evidence for drug safety monitoring and can help reduce DIM-related risks in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251337362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Unplanned Readmission Due to Major Adverse Cardiac Events Among Hospitalized Patients with Blood Cancers.","authors":"Nguyen Le, Sola Han, Ahmed S Kenawy, Yeijin Kim, Chanhyun Park","doi":"10.1177/10732748251332803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251332803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHospitalized patients with blood cancer face an elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases caused by cardiotoxic cancer therapies, which can lead to cardiovascular-related unplanned readmissions.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict 90-day unplanned readmissions for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in hospitalized patients with blood cancers.DesignA retrospective population-based cohort study.MethodsWe analyzed patients aged ≥18 with blood cancers (leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma) using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. MACE included acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, revascularization, malignant arrhythmias, and cardiovascular-related death. Six ML algorithms (L2-Logistic regression, Support Vector Machine, Complement Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost) were trained on 2017-2018 data and tested on 2019 data. The SuperLearner algorithm was used for stacking models. Cost-sensitive learning addressed data imbalance, and hyperparameters were tuned using 5-fold cross-validation with Optuna framework. Performance metrics included the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROCAUC), Precision-Recall AUC (PRAUC), balanced Brier score, and F2 score. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values assessed feature importance, and clustering analysis identified high-risk subpopulations.ResultsAmong 76 957 patients, 1031 (1.34%) experienced unplanned 90-day MACE-related readmissions. CatBoost achieved the highest ROCAUC (0.737, 95% CI: 0.712-0.763) and PRAUC (0.040, 95% CI: 0.033-0.050). The SuperLearner algorithm achieved slight improvements in most performance metrics. Four leading predictive features were consistently identified across algorithms, including older age, heart failure, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Twenty-three clusters were determined with the highest-risk cluster (mean log odds of 1.41) identified by nonrheumatic/unspecified valve disorders, coronary atherosclerosis, and heart failure.ConclusionsOur ML model effectively predicts MACE-related readmissions in hospitalized patients with blood cancers, highlighting key predictors. Targeted discharge strategies may help reduce readmissions and alleviate the associated healthcare burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251332803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-Making for Ablation of Colorectal Liver Oligometastases Patients: A 10-Year Retrospective Study of Survival Outcomes Based on Right-Versus Left-Sided Primary Tumor Location.","authors":"Xiao-Guang Qi, Jian-Ming Li, Jian-Ping Dou, Fang-Yi Liu, Zhen Wang, Zhao-He Zhang, Ping Liang, Jie Yu","doi":"10.1177/10732748251324627","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251324627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo develop a prognostic model for optimizing management of colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM) patients with different primary tumor locations who underwent thermal ablation (TA).Materials and MethodsThe reporting of this retrospective study conforms to STROBE guidelines. A total of 525 CLOM patients who underwent TA from 3 hospitals between 2011 and 2021 were enrolled. Firstly, intra and extrahepatic disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for CLOM patients with different primary tumor locations were analyzed. Then, cox regression models were used to identify independent factors predicting OS. Finally, a prognostic score was developed to identify CLOM patients benefiting from TA. All patient details were de-identified.ResultsA total of 423 eligible patients were identified, with 762 CLOM (121 male, median age 59 years) and a median follow-up of 45.8 (IQR, 7.3-114.8) months. Independent predictors of OS were identified, including multiple liver metastases (<i>P</i> = .0085), right-sided colon cancer (<i>P</i> = .0210), tumor size ≥2 cm (<i>P</i> = .0273), and lymph node metastasis of primary colorectal cancer (<i>P</i> = .0302), termed as the \"MRSL\" score. On the basis of the best separation of MRSL score, patients were divided into high-risk (cutoff value ≥8) and low-risk groups (cutoff value <8). Further stratified analysis indicated that right-sided CLOM patients had shorter OS than left-sided patients in the high-risk group (54.9 vs 92.5 months, <i>P</i> = .0156). However, no significant difference in OS was observed between right-sided and left-sided CLOM patients in the low-risk group (97.7 vs 102.2 months, <i>P</i> = .28).ConclusionThe MRSL score-based model helps in selecting potential right-sided CLOM patients who benefit from TA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251324627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Adenocarcinoma With Bone Metastases: Clinicogenomic Profiling and Insights Into Prognostic Factors.","authors":"Ahmed H Al Sharie, Rami K Jadallah, Mahmoud Z Al-Bataineh, Lana E Obeidat, Hanin Lataifeh, Mahmoud I Tarad, Mustafa Q Khasawneh, Walaa Almdallal, Tamam El-Elimat, Feras Q Alali","doi":"10.1177/10732748251325587","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251325587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionLung adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Understanding the clinicopathological profiles and genomic drivers of its metastatic patterns is a crucial step for risk stratification. Herein, we investigated the clinicogenomic features of bone metastases in lung adenocarcinoma and their prognostic value.MethodsA retrospective cohort study with a total of 4064 patients with various metastatic patterns of lung adenocarcinoma were included, obtaining relevant clinical data and genomic profiles. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of bone metastases. A comparative analysis of both groups in terms of demographics, disease status, somatic mutations, and microsatellite instability was carried out. Significantly different variables were tested for their association with bone metastases. Cox regression analyses were utilized to identify independent survival prognostic variables in the bone metastases sub-cohort.ResultsGender, concomitant metastases (to adrenal gland, nervous system, lymph nodes, liver, lung, mediastinum, pleura, and skin), and aberrations in <i>TP53</i>, <i>EGFR</i>, <i>KEAP1</i>, and <i>MYC</i> were associated with bone metastases in lung adenocarcinoma. Survival analyses within the bone metastases sub-cohort have illustrated the following variables to possess poor prognostic signature including age > 75, female gender, White ethnicity, distant metastases (adrenal gland, central nervous system, intra-abdominal, and liver), <i>EGFR</i> (wild type), <i>KEAP1</i> (mutant), <i>MYC</i> (mutant), <i>KRAS</i> (mutant), and <i>SMARCA4</i> (mutant).ConclusionKey clinical and genomic factors associated with lung adenocarcinoma bone metastases have been highlighted, providing exploratory insights into high-risk individuals. Future studies should be directed to validate these prognostic variables in larger, more diverse cohorts to enhance generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251325587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Value of Body Composition Analysis on Non-Enhanced CT for Risk Stratification in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Wei Chen, Long-Yu Duan, Xiao-Juan Peng, Kun-Ming Yi, Lian-Qin Kuang","doi":"10.1177/10732748251342068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251342068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionContrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality for accurate risk stratification in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, contrast-enhanced CT may not always be accessible or suitable for all patients undergoing risk assessment of GISTs. Therefore, this study explored the use of non-enhanced CT imaging for assessing body composition in patients with GISTs to preoperatively predict risk stratification.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 233 patients with GISTs who met the inclusion criteria. Pretreatment complete abdominal CT images from these patients were processed and analyzed using the Siemens Syngo imaging system. The data were subsequently organized and analyzed using the SPSS software (version 26.0).ResultsThrough two independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests (including corrected chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests), the intermediate-high risk group exhibited a lower visceral fat index (VFI) and higher tumor volumes and proportions of necrosis (<i>P</i> < .05), compared to the low-risk group (<i>P</i> < .05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the other indicators. Our research demonstrates that tumor volume is positively correlated with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification and exhibits the highest specificity among the four models (specificity = 0.735). However, its sensitivity is lower than that of the combined model (sensitivity = 0.803) and the VFI model (sensitivity = 0.972).ConclusionBased on the vascular abundance index, tumor volume, and necrosis status observed in the CT plain scan images of patients with GIST, a comprehensive predictive model was developed. This model can accurately predict the NIH grade of stromal tumors, thereby providing a robust basis for formulating effective treatment strategies and improving the prognosis of patients with GISTs who cannot undergo contrast-enhanced CT.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251342068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study on the Causal Relationship Between Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Prostate Cancer Risk.","authors":"Xiao-Bo Ding, Si-Yan Ren, He-Zhi Wen, Zhi-Bin Zhang, Jia-Ang Ye, Wen-Kai Pan, Jia-Qi Ye","doi":"10.1177/10732748251320842","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251320842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine the correlation between four distinct Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies (EA-D, EBNA-1, VCA-p18, and ZEBRA) and the likelihood of developing prostate cancer (PCa) using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) technique. The primary objective is to determine whether a causal relationship exists between these EBV antibodies and prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for EBV antibodies were sourced from the UK Biobank cohort, and prostate cancer data were obtained from the PRACTICAL consortium, which includes 79148 cases and 61106 controls. Univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations, while reverse Mendelian Randomization was employed to assess causality. Additionally, Multivariable Mendelian Randomization analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariable MR analysis revealed significant associations between EBV EA-D (OR = 1.084, 95% CI = 1.012-1.160, IVW_<i>P</i> = 0.021) and EBNA-1 (OR = 1.086, 95% CI = 1.025-1.150, IVW_<i>P</i> = 0.005) antibodies and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Reverse MR analysis did not establish a causal relationship. Multivariable MR analysis identified the EBV EBNA-1 antibody as an independent risk factor for prostate cancer (OR = 1.095, 95% CI = 1.042-1.151, IVW_<i>P</i> = 0.00036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the association between EBV antibody levels, particularly EBNA-1, and prostate cancer risk, suggesting EBNA-1 as an independent risk factor. Future research is needed to elucidate the biological pathways linking EBV antibody levels to prostate cancer. These insights could be instrumental in developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions for prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251320842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"<i>How am I Going to Live? How am I Going to Pay Rent?\"</i>: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Employment, Stigma, and Financial Hardship Among LGBTQ+ Cancer Caregivers.","authors":"Austin R Waters, Erin E Kent, Camille R Murray, Shaun R Jones, Echo L Warner, Lorinda A Coombs, Heidi Donovan, Hazel B Nichols, Stephanie B Wheeler, Donald L Rosenstein, Mya L Roberson, Kelly R Tan","doi":"10.1177/10732748251351105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251351105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionEmployment changes among cancer caregivers are common and can result in financial hardship. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other identities outside of cisgender heterosexual (LGBTQ+) individuals are more likely to live in poverty and experience workplace discrimination than non-LGBTQ+ individuals. This study aimed to assess the impact of caregiving-related employment changes and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma on financial hardship and describe lived experiences with financial hardship and related employment changes among LGBTQ+ cancer caregivers.MethodsAn explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted and included a national survey and individual interviews with survey participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association of employment changes with financial hardship. An inductive qualitative analysis guided by two of the three domains of financial hardship (ie, material and behavioral) was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated throughout the study.ResultsA total of N = 332 LGBTQ+ cancer caregivers participated in the survey, and N = 14 participated in an interview. The average modified COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity and Caregiver Reaction Assessment financial sub-scale were 25.6 (SD: 9.9, Range: 1-44) and 2.99 (SD: 1.0, Range: 1-5). Employment changes (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.73-6.36) and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.47-3.32) were associated with high financial hardship. Three overarching themes from the qualitative analysis included: 1) Financial Hardship: Increased Costs, Strained Finances, and Lost Wages; 2) Caregiving as an LGBTQ+ Person: Stigma, Outness, and Expectations; and 3) Financial Unmet needs and Recommendations.ConclusionLGBTQ+ cancer caregivers experience substantial financial hardship that is associated with employment changes and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma. LGBTQ + cancer caregivers reported varying levels of outness and acceptance that directly influenced their access to financial support. Cancer-related financial hardship interventions tailored to the needs of LGBTQ+ individuals are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251351105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Epidemic of Early-Onset Cancer: Global Patterns, Biological Complexity, and Urgent Calls for Action.","authors":"Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior","doi":"10.1177/10732748251386505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251386505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is often considered a disease of older adults, yet in recent decades an increasing number of people under the age of 50 have been diagnosed with cancer worldwide. According to global data, the most common early-onset cancers include breast, tracheal/bronchus/lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers, followed by thyroid, pancreas, and liver malignancies. These cancers often behave more aggressively than those diagnosed later in life and contribute substantially to premature mortality and disability. Researchers believe that this trend is driven less by hereditary syndromes and more by cumulative environmental and lifestyle exposures beginning early in life. Diets high in ultra-processed foods, reduced physical activity, antibiotic overuse, pollution, psychosocial stress, and disruptions of the gut microbiome have all been implicated as potential contributors. Unlike inherited cancer syndromes, most early-onset cancers are sporadic, arising from complex interactions between modifiable exposures and host biology. Younger patients face unique challenges: they are underrepresented in clinical trials, often lack access to age-appropriate multidisciplinary care, and experience disruptions to education, employment, and family planning. Addressing this growing public health concern requires earlier screening for high-risk groups, investment in adolescent and young adult (AYA)-specific biorepositories and research, and policies that prioritize prevention, equity, and tailored care for younger populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251386505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Métis and Non-Métis Males and Females in Alberta, Canada.","authors":"Michelle L Aktary, Reagan Bartel, Momtafin Khan, Chinmoy Roy Rahul, Bonnie Chiang, James Newsome, June Kima, Ashton Anderson, Amanda M Andrew, Angeline Letendre, Karen A Kopciuk, Huiming Yang","doi":"10.1177/10732748251384375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251384375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) screening is an important strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer. However, evidence on CRC screening and outcomes among Métis people is limited and results are often conflicting.MethodsThis retrospective study examined CRC screening participation and retention rates, abnormal fecal test results, follow-up colonoscopy rates and wait times, and invasive CRC detection rates and distribution according to Métis status (Métis, non-Métis) and sex (male, female) from 2014 to 2022 among adults living in Alberta. Multiple administrative health databases were linked to investigate study outcomes. Adults aged 50 to 74 years who were eligible for CRC screening were included. Chi-square tests of independence and <i>z-</i>tests compared screening indicators between Métis and non-Métis people and between males and females within each subpopulation. Data over time and across age groups were plotted in scatter plots, and trends were assessed using Joinpoint models.ResultsCRC screening participation rates among Métis males and females remained slightly higher than, or similar to, their non-Métis counterparts. However, retention rates among Métis people were lower compared to non<b>-</b>Métis people. Comparing females and males, participation rates were higher among females while retention rates were higher among males. A higher proportion of Métis people had abnormal FIT results than their non-Métis counterparts. There were no significant differences in invasive CRC detection rates or CRC stage distribution at diagnosis between Métis and non<b>-</b>Métis people.ConclusionFindings from this study highlight the need for ongoing collaboration among Indigenous leaders, researchers, and healthcare services to support ongoing participation in CRC screening among Métis people.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251384375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}