Cancer Control最新文献

{"title":"\"<i>How am I Going to Live? How am I Going to Pay Rent?\"</i>: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Employment, Stigma, and Financial Hardship Among LGBTQ+ Cancer Caregivers.","authors":"Austin R Waters, Erin E Kent, Camille R Murray, Shaun R Jones, Echo L Warner, Lorinda A Coombs, Heidi Donovan, Hazel B Nichols, Stephanie B Wheeler, Donald L Rosenstein, Mya L Roberson, Kelly R Tan","doi":"10.1177/10732748251351105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251351105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionEmployment changes among cancer caregivers are common and can result in financial hardship. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other identities outside of cisgender heterosexual (LGBTQ+) individuals are more likely to live in poverty and experience workplace discrimination than non-LGBTQ+ individuals. This study aimed to assess the impact of caregiving-related employment changes and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma on financial hardship and describe lived experiences with financial hardship and related employment changes among LGBTQ+ cancer caregivers.MethodsAn explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted and included a national survey and individual interviews with survey participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association of employment changes with financial hardship. An inductive qualitative analysis guided by two of the three domains of financial hardship (ie, material and behavioral) was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated throughout the study.ResultsA total of N = 332 LGBTQ+ cancer caregivers participated in the survey, and N = 14 participated in an interview. The average modified COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity and Caregiver Reaction Assessment financial sub-scale were 25.6 (SD: 9.9, Range: 1-44) and 2.99 (SD: 1.0, Range: 1-5). Employment changes (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.73-6.36) and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.47-3.32) were associated with high financial hardship. Three overarching themes from the qualitative analysis included: 1) Financial Hardship: Increased Costs, Strained Finances, and Lost Wages; 2) Caregiving as an LGBTQ+ Person: Stigma, Outness, and Expectations; and 3) Financial Unmet needs and Recommendations.ConclusionLGBTQ+ cancer caregivers experience substantial financial hardship that is associated with employment changes and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma. LGBTQ + cancer caregivers reported varying levels of outness and acceptance that directly influenced their access to financial support. Cancer-related financial hardship interventions tailored to the needs of LGBTQ+ individuals are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251351105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Distinct Research Gaps that Complement Previous Critiques of Militaristic Language in Relation to Cancer and Other Non-Military Topics.","authors":"Kari Almendingen","doi":"10.1177/10732748251349935","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251349935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Militaristic language is pervasive in cancer discourse across media, fundraising, politics, healthcare, and science, despite longstanding critiques from both civilian and military perspectives. Critics argue that framing cancer as a war or battle can lead to feelings of shame and inadequacy, particularly for those with metastatic cancer. This language often diverts focus from prevention and early detection strategies, complicating public perception and understanding of cancer. Two distinct research gaps related to the use of militaristic language in cancer discourse remain unaddressed: the role of dual-use technologies and the perspectives of individuals with wartime experience. Dual-use technologies, initially developed for military applications, have significantly advanced cancer diagnosis and treatment. Yet, their historical and ethical implications are largely absent from public discourse and scientific literature. Awareness of the complex role that dual-use technologies play in cancer diagnostics and treatment, as well as in other societal areas, could influence the prevalence of militaristic language used to describe challenges like cancer, drugs, poverty, and other civil issues. Secondly, studies have not examined opinions on the use of militaristic language among individuals with firsthand wartime experience, - such as civilian victims, military personnel, veterans, pacifists, and aid workers - compared to those without such experience. Both of these omissions may skew findings and overlook diverse perceptions. Addressing these research gaps could foster a more respectful public cancer discourse that takes into account the experiences of affected individuals. This commentary expands on existing critiques, urging professionals to adopt nuanced and inclusive language for cancer and other peaceful topics. Militaristic language is outdated, ethically questionable, and should not be used in science, healthcare, politics, fundraising, or other public contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251349935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Machine Learning for Early Mortality Prediction in Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma: A Web-Based Prognostic Model.","authors":"Min Liang, Xiaocai Li, Shangyu Xie, Xiaoying Huang, Shifan Tan","doi":"10.1177/10732748251357449","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251357449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionCombined with the characteristics of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an uncommon histological subtype of lung cancer with more aggressive biological behavior. This study aimed to quantify the 90-day mortality rate in patients with ASC, identify associated features, and develop a predictive machine learning model.MethodsThis retrospective study obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database, covering the period from 2000 to 2018. Through univariate logistic regression and Lasso analyses, significant prognostic features were determined. We developed predictive models using XGBoost, logistic regression, and AJCC staging algorithms, assessing their performance via metrics such as the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic, and calibration plots. Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) were employed to assess potential non-linear relationships between continuous features and survival outcomes.ResultsOur analysis of 2820 eligible patients identified 6 clinical features significantly affecting outcomes. The XGBoost model exhibited exceptional discriminatory power, with AUC scores of 0.97 in the training set and 0.84 in the validation set, surpassing other models in all datasets according to AUC, KS score, DCA, and calibration analyses. RCS analysis showed a non-linear association between tumor size and prognosis, with a cutoff size of 44 mm. Moreover, we integrated the model into a web-based platform to enhance its accessibility.ConclusionsWe present a novel machine learning model, supported by an easily accessible web-based platform, to guide personalized clinical decision-making and optimize treatment strategies for patients with ASC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251357449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Role of Radiotherapy in Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A SEER-Based Study.","authors":"Huimin Jian, Jinju Guo, Wenxin Zhao, Wei Liu, Yuan Xiang, Xia Wang","doi":"10.1177/10732748251356935","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251356935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionLow-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm for which there is no consensus regarding the role of radiotherapy in treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the role of EBRT in 1254 patients with LG-ESS using SEER data (2000-2021). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to compare outcomes between EBRT and non-EBRT groups. Cox and competing risk models assessed overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).ResultsEBRT showed no survival benefit in either unmatched or matched cohorts. Post-PSM, OS (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.61-2.39) and CSS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.69-4.43) remained unaffected by EBRT (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Lymphadenectomy and bilateral salpingectomy and oophorectomy (BSO) also demonstrated no significant associations with survival outcomes. Key prognostic factors included older age, larger tumor size, advanced stage, and chemotherapy use, all linked to poorer OS and CSS.ConclusionEBRT, lymphadenectomy, and BSO do not offer significant survival benefits for patients with LG-ESS. Prognosis was independently influenced by age, tumor size, stage, and chemotherapy use (associated with poorer outcomes). These findings support a more individualized, risk-adapted approach to LG-ESS management and highlight the need for prospective studies to define the optimal role of comprehensive treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251356935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial/Ethnic and Age-Related Disparities in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Diagnoses and Survival.","authors":"Meng-Han Tsai, Jorge Cortes, Kenneth J Vega","doi":"10.1177/10732748251357469","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251357469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionEarly-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) patients are more likely to have advanced diagnoses across different race/ethnicity or age at diagnosis groups. Thus, we examined the relationship of racial/ethnic disparities with cancer diagnoses (tumor features and histologic types) and 5-year causes-specific survival for EOCRC across three age-at-diagnosis groups.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the 2006-2020 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association of race/ethnicity and age with survival.ResultsAmong 46,956 EOCRC patients, racial minorities were diagnosed with EOCRC at age of 20-29 years while non-Hispanic White patients were more commonly diagnosed at age 40-49 years (<i>P</i>-value <0.001). In adjusted analysis, non-Hispanic Black (NHB) (AOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.24-2.18), Asian/Pacific Islander (AOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.60-3.08), and Hispanic (AOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.93) patients aged 20-29 years were more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage. These groups were also more likely to have mucinous adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell subtypes (NHB: AOR,1.46; 95% CI, 1.00-2.13; Asian/PI: AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.28-2.77; Hispanic: AOR, 1.95: 95% CI, 1.48-2.59). Regardless of age groups, NHB patients were more likely to die from CRC by 34%-59% (20-29 years: AHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11-1.76; 30-39 years: AHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.42-1.77; 40-49 years: AHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.26-1.41).ConclusionPrioritizing prevention strategies and enhancing access to screening for racial minorities and the 20-29 age group is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251357469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Ghana: A Study (CarciSCAN) Protocol.","authors":"Nadja Taumberger, Ibrahim Friko, Vera Mwinbe-Ere Der, Laura Burney Ellis, Amy MacDonald Shearer, Sarah J Bowden, Maria Kyrgiou, Teresa L Pan, Verena Lessiak, Neli Hofer, Elisabeth Rogatsch, Manurishi Nanda, Isabella Pfniss, Elmar Joura, Alper Cinar, Yalin Kilic, Murat Gultekin","doi":"10.1177/10732748251330698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251330698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030 through a global strategy, centred on high-risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based screening and treatment. Implementing these strategies in low-resource settings remains challenging, due to barriers associated with limited healthcare infrastructure and patient awareness. Self-sampling for hrHPV has shown higher acceptability and similar diagnostic accuracy compared to clinician-taken samples. This study proposes a protocol to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a cervical cancer screening program utilising hrHPV self-sampling in Ghana.<b>Methods and Analysis:</b> 1000 non-pregnant women aged 30-65 years will be invited to self-collect hrHPV samples. Those testing hrHPV positive will undergo visual inspection with acetic acid. Those diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions will be offered ablation. In any case where there is a suspicion of invasion, or equivocal diagnosis, biopsies will be taken. Follow-up for women who are test positive for hrHPV and/or undergo treatment, will involve hrHPV self-sampling after 6 months. HrHPV-negative women will rescreen after 3 years. Biopsies will be taken where immediate treatment is not suitable, and women with confirmed or suspected invasive cervical carcinoma will be referred for surgical and/or oncological care. The primary outcome will be the proportion of women successfully screened, defined as the proportion of women with a valid HPV test result out of those invited to attend cervical screening. Secondary outcomes include screening uptake, disease detection rate, hrHPV genotype prevalence, treatment acceptance rate, successful treatment response, missed disease during treatment, number lost to follow-up, and disease recurrence.<b>Discussion:</b> In low-resource settings, hrHPV self-sampling offers an accessible method to increase screening uptake. This study will inform strategies for broader implementation of cervical cancer screening and contribute to achieving the WHO's goal of elimination by 2030.<b>Trial Registration:</b> Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Kintampo Health Research Centre Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), Bono East, Ghana, West Africa, on 24 May 2024 (IEC IRB Registration No. 0004854; Study ID: KHRCIEC/2024-03).</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251330698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Competency-Based Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy Training Program for Radiologists From Low-and-Middle-Income Countries that Leverages Mobile Health Technology (NCT04501419): A Study Protocol.","authors":"Adeleye Dorcas Omisore, Adedeji Ayoola Egberongbe, Lydia Eleanor Pace, Sughra Raza, Rachael Adeyanju Akinola, Millicent Olubunmi Obajimi, Varadan Sevilimedu, Yolanda Bryce, Victoria Lee Mango, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, T Peter Kingham, Elizabeth Anne Morris, Elizabeth Jane Sutton","doi":"10.1177/10732748251334435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251334435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionWhile ultrasound-guided breast biopsy (UGBB) performed by a radiologist is the standard of care in high-income countries for diagnosing breast cancer, blind or surgical biopsy has been the norm in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) in part because LMIC radiologists lack the skill to perform UGBB. We present the study protocol of a competency-based UGBB training program for LMIC Nigerian radiologists that leverages mobile health technology.MethodsThis institutional review board-approved prospective multi-institutional single-arm clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04501419) involves 13 Nigerian radiologists from eight tertiary hospitals in South West and South East Nigeria. Our training program is unique because it uses a competency-based curriculum developed specifically for LMIC radiologists. The competency-based curriculum incorporates blended learning (e-learning and trainer-led), simulation (supervised and unsupervised), and patient biopsy (supervised and unsupervised) components. The study time frame is two years: 1 year for the trainees to complete active training and patient recruitment and another 1 year for patient follow-up. Primary outcome measures include trainees' competency (measured using the Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE)), the radiology-pathology concordance rate, and the complication rate. Secondary outcome measures include the diagnostic interval and the positive predictive value of UGBB.ConclusionBuilding capacity for UGBB in Nigeria and other LMIC can potentially improve breast cancer outcomes through early diagnosis. This training program is part of an implementation multi-component strategy package in Nigeria to improve breast cancer outcomes. This training program can also be adapted for other image-guided procedures that could impact global cancer control through diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and/or palliation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251334435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Totally Implantable Access Ports Associated Complications in Breast Cancer Patients.","authors":"Yangfan Fan, Xiaohang Ye, Fangfang Chen, Fang Wan, Dianlei Liu, Tao Zhang, Jingpei Long","doi":"10.1177/10732748251336407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251336407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for complications in breast cancer patients with totally implantable access ports (TIAPs).MethodsThis retrospective case-control study involved 471 breast cancer (BC) patients who received TIAPs during chemotherapy. We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with complications to those without, analyzed independent risk factors using binary logistic regression, and identified differences in complication rates based on catheterization site.ResultsThe most frequent complication was catheter malposition, followed by infection, thrombosis, hemothorax, and port rotation. Complications were more common in right-side BC cases (<i>P</i> = .026) and with left-side insertions (<i>P</i> = .012). Binary logistic regression identified independent risk factors for complications: catheter tip location (OR = 0.599, <i>P</i> = .013), and catheterization site (OR = 0.319, <i>P</i> = .019). Notably, left-side insertion significantly increased the risk of overall complications and catheter malposition compared to right-side insertion (OR = 3.534, <i>P</i> = .008; OR = 5.624, <i>P</i> = .004, respectively).ConclusionCatheter tip location and catheterization site independently affect complications and catheter malposition. For TIAPs implantation, particularly on the left side, a lower catheter tip location is advised to reduce complications and enhance safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251336407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy for Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Innovative Treatments and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Xiaoni Jin, Weixing Zhao, Guoyuan Li, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1177/10732748251334434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251334434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLimited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by a poor prognosis. While concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) remains the standard treatment, the high rates of recurrence and poor long-term survival highlight the pressing need for novel therapeutic approaches.PurposeIn recent years, the introduction of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has opened new avenues for the treatment of LS-SCLC. This review highlights the clinical advancements of ICIs in CCRT, consolidation therapy, and neoadjuvant therapy, emphasizing their potential to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). This review also discusses management of immunotherapy-related side effects.Research DesignThis is a review article that synthesizes recent research findings on immunotherapy for LS-SCLC.Study SampleNot applicable (review of existing literature).Data Collection and/or AnalysisThis review summarizes key studies exploring the application of immunotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer.Additionally, it examines the role of the tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1) as biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy.ResultsThis review emphasizes their potential to improve PFS and OS.ConclusionsDespite the significant advancements in research, the use of ICIs in LS-SCLC continues to face challenges, including the identification of optimal treatment regimens, validation of long-term efficacy, and development of personalized predictive biomarkers. Future research should prioritize large-scale, multicenter clinical trials to refine combination therapy strategies, establish customized treatment approaches, and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251334434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12033400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Projections of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Burden in China, 1990-2036: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study.","authors":"Tianze Huang, Jianfu Qiu, Changhao Wang, Xiang Ma, Duo Liu, Jian Cai","doi":"10.1177/10732748251341524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251341524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe incidence and prevalence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC), defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50, are increasing globally. However, the current status and trends of the disease burden of EO-CRC in China, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), are not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends of EO-CRC in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project its future burden.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study to assess the trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of EO-CRC in China from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify significant changes in trends. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis was conducted to disentangle the effects of age, period, and birth cohort. The Bayesian APC model was employed to project the burden of EO-CRC up to 2036.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the absolute number of EO-CRC incident and prevalent cases in China increased substantially. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) also rose significantly, with an accelerated increase after 2007 in men and after 2015 in women. In contrast, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (AS-DALYs) generally declined; however, a concerning reversal of this trend has been observed in recent years. Incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates all showed significant age, period, and cohort effects. Projections indicate that ASIR and ASPR will continue to rise until 2036, especially in males, and the disparity in disease burden between men and women is expected to widen.ConclusionThe disease burden of EO-CRC in China has increased significantly and is rising rapidly, particularly among males. Further research is essential to fully understand the factors contributing to the increased incidence of EO-CRC and to develop effective mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"10732748251341524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}