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Plato’s Dietetics for Intellectuals in Timaeus 86b–90d 柏拉图在《蒂迈欧篇》第 86b-90d 节中的知识分子饮食学
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240105
Hynek Bartoš
{"title":"Plato’s Dietetics for Intellectuals in Timaeus 86b–90d","authors":"Hynek Bartoš","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper I focus on the dietetic discussion at the end of the <em>Timaeus</em> (86b–90d) and read it against the background of the medical dietetics of its day. I try to show that Plato’s version of dietetics is deeply rooted in the preceding medical tradition and that it draws in particular on ideas attested in the Hippocratic treatises <em>On Regimen</em> and <em>Airs, Waters, Places</em>. On the other hand, I also argue that Plato is most likely the first author ever to identify intellectuals as a specific dietetic category and to propose a preventive regimen adapted to the specific needs of mathematicians, philosophers, and other men of letters. Therefore, his dietetic discussion in the <em>Timaeus</em> deserves recognition as an important contribution to the history of dietetic therapy and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between Active Matter and Letters: Kabbalah, Natural Knowledge, and Jewish How-To Books in Early Modern East-Central Europe 活动物质与文字之间：卡巴拉、自然知识和早期现代中东欧地区的犹太教实用书籍
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240107
Agata Paluch
{"title":"Between Active Matter and Letters: Kabbalah, Natural Knowledge, and Jewish How-To Books in Early Modern East-Central Europe","authors":"Agata Paluch","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay focuses on Jewish practical kabbalistic books of recipes that were produced in early modern East-Central Europe. These handwritten sources document the Jewish engagement with practical forms of expertise, which were informed by the theoretical foundations of kabbalistic knowledge. Through two case studies, the article highlights Jewish vernacular ideas about nature and matter, and the techniques used to transform these ideas into practical things during the early modern period. It also explores the phenomenon of recording these ideas and methods in the form of practical kabbalistic books of recipes, which serve as a prime example of practical episteme. In so doing, the article sheds light on the significance of kabbalistic theosophy and practical kabbalistic traditions, particularly those developed in East-Central Europe, in the broader history of Western European knowledge production.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Records of Trusted Medicines: Don Meir Alguades’s Tested Medicines (Segulot Muvḥanyot) in Context 值得信赖的药物记录：唐-梅厄-阿尔瓜德斯的《经检验的药物》（Segulot Muvḥanyot）背景介绍
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240102
Naama Cohen-Hanegbi
{"title":"Records of Trusted Medicines: Don Meir Alguades’s Tested Medicines (Segulot Muvḥanyot) in Context","authors":"Naama Cohen-Hanegbi","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Don Meir Alguades’s <em>Segulot Muvḥanyot</em>, extant in Parma, Biblioteca Palatina <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">MS</span> 2474, offers a rare insight into two converging questions in the history of late-medieval medical practice: how was practical knowledge transmitted? And to what extent did this practice draw on medical theory? The present article closely examines the various features of this collection – namely, the author to whom it was attributed, the text, the codex in which it was copied, and later renditions and mentions of the text. These reveal new information on the work, its formation and its reception, as well as on fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Jewish medical practice in Iberia and among Jews of Iberian descent. Considering this text as an exemplar of recorded clinical encounters allows us to advance tentative suggestions regarding the art of tailoring medical practice in the period, and the dynamics between medical theory and the medicine provided by learned physicians. The personalized recipes further demonstrate how the formulation of trust and credibility operated in Jewish medicine of the period, and how these survived through changing social contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simple Motions, Simple Bodies and Aristotle’s Explanation of Locomotion in De Caelo I.2 简单运动、简单物体和亚里士多德在 De Caelo I.2 中对运动的解释
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240101
Jiayu Zhang
{"title":"Simple Motions, Simple Bodies and Aristotle’s Explanation of Locomotion in De Caelo I.2","authors":"Jiayu Zhang","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The thesis of this paper is that, in <em>De Caelo</em> <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">I</span>.2, the introduction and differentiation of simple bodies is achieved entirely by differentiating simple motions. This runs counter to the traditional interpretations of <em>De Caelo</em> <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">I</span>.2, which consider how, and how completely, Aristotle uses the differentiation of simple magnitudes to differentiate simple bodies, and which assume that he introduces the notion of a simple body independently of the notion of a simple motion. But the traditional interpretations miss the point of Aristotle’s argument in <em>De Caelo</em> <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">I</span>.2, which – so I argue – is to introduce the notion of simple motions, using this to introduce the notion of simple bodies, and to thereby provide an explanatory account of all possible locomotion. This is the reason why Aristotle identifies simple bodies in <em>De Caelo</em> <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">I</span>.2 with the fundamental components of the universe.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Discovery of chreia: Galen’s Method of Teleological Demonstration and Its Aristotelian Background chreia的发现：盖伦的目的论证明方法及其亚里士多德背景
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240097
Matyáš Havrda
{"title":"The Discovery of chreia: Galen’s Method of Teleological Demonstration and Its Aristotelian Background","authors":"Matyáš Havrda","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper explores Galen’s notion of the <em>chreia</em> of bodily parts and activities, and the method of its discovery against the Aristotelian background. It argues that the <em>chreia</em> of an object <styled-content lang=\"el-Grek\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">π</styled-content> (a bodily part or activity) is a connection between the activity <styled-content lang=\"el-Grek\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">ε</styled-content> for the sake of which <styled-content lang=\"el-Grek\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">π</styled-content> has come into existence, and the attributes of <styled-content lang=\"el-Grek\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">π</styled-content> without which <styled-content lang=\"el-Grek\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">ε</styled-content> would cease to exist or would not be as good. The discovery of <em>chreia</em>, then, is an explanation of this connection. Aristotle does not use the word ‘<em>chreia</em>’ in this sense, but in <em>Parts of Animals</em> he employs a partly overlapping notion which he calls ‘<em>ergon</em>’. Finally, the paper points out that Galen’s <em>chreia</em> is equivalent to the middle term of teleological demonstrations, as outlined in Aristotle’s <em>Posterior Analytics</em> <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">II</span> 11.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Publishing and Geometrical Skills in the Career of Sébastien Le Clerc 塞巴斯蒂安-勒克莱尔职业生涯中的图书出版和几何技能
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240095
Oded Rabinovitch
{"title":"Book Publishing and Geometrical Skills in the Career of Sébastien Le Clerc","authors":"Oded Rabinovitch","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sébastien Le Clerc was born into a family of goldsmiths in Lorraine, and received classical artisanal training. Yet over the course of a highly successful career as an engraver, he also became a widely published scientific author. This paper argues that geometrical skills played a key role in the dual development of Le Clerc’s career, and in his striving for recognition as a man of letters, as well as an engraver. By a detailed study of the geometrical skills displayed in Le Clerc’s two geometrical publications, this paper revisits the thorny question of the relations between scholars and artisans in the early modern period. Rather than a dependence on his hands-on, bodily experience, it was Le Clerc’s skill in geometry that lent support to his aspiring scholarly career.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Anatomy of Galileo’s Anagram 伽利略的字母组合剖析
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240098
Eileen Reeves
{"title":"The Anatomy of Galileo’s Anagram","authors":"Eileen Reeves","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay offers a new reading of Galileo’s most celebrated anagram, incorporating both the prehistory of his late-1610 disclosure concerning the moon-like phases of Venus, and the awkward “leftover letters,” <em>o</em> and <em>y</em>, of the eventual cypher. It argues for a sustained analogy between components of the optical instrument, musical instruments, and particular anatomical structures described by Galen and elaborated by early modern anatomists in Padua. It proposes, finally, the cypher as a calculated response to the Neapolitan magus and playwright Giambattista della Porta’s challenge to Galileo’s claims about the telescope itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forbidden Books and Royal Horoscopes: the Practice and Censorship of Astrology in Early Modern Portugal 禁书与皇家占星术：近代早期葡萄牙的占星术实践与审查
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20240096
Luís Campos Ribeiro, Francisco Malta Romeiras
{"title":"Forbidden Books and Royal Horoscopes: the Practice and Censorship of Astrology in Early Modern Portugal","authors":"Luís Campos Ribeiro, Francisco Malta Romeiras","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20240096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20240096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In sixteenth-century Lisbon, Aires Vaz and Manuel Rodrigues were summoned to the Inquisition on account of their astrological practices. Records of the trial of Vaz and Rodrigues provide valuable information regarding the training and practice of an astrologer in sixteenth-century Portugal. Prior to this study, however, our knowledge on these matters was scarce and mostly indirect. In this article, we argue that the study of these trial records is crucial to understanding both the practice and the regulation of astrology. Studies on the censorship of astrology usually emphasize the importance of the Roman Index, the Tridentine Rules, and the papal bulls against astrology. By looking at these two trials, this article sheds new light on the application of the Roman rules and allows us to trace the general profile of an astrologer in early modern Portugal.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Newly Identified Treatise on the Tables of Marseilles (Twelfth Century) and Its Non-Ptolemaic Planetary Theory 关于12世纪马赛表及其非托勒密行星理论的新鉴定论文
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230090
C. Philipp E. Nothaft
{"title":"A Newly Identified Treatise on the Tables of Marseilles (Twelfth Century) and Its Non-Ptolemaic Planetary Theory","authors":"C. Philipp E. Nothaft","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two Latin manuscripts in Oxford and Florence preserve diverging recensions of a previously unnoticed astronomical treatise beginning <em>Infra signiferi poli regionem</em> (Oxford recension) or <em>Circulorum alius est sub quo</em> (Florence recension). It can be shown that this anonymous text was originally intended to accompany the Tables of Marseilles in Raymond of Marseilles’s twelfth-century <em>Liber cursuum planetarum</em> (ca. 1141). While the core tables for planetary longitudes in this set were founded on Ptolemy’s kinematic models, as known from the <em>Almagest</em>, this new source frequently deviates from the Ptolemaic norm, for instance by explicitly rejecting an epicyclic explanation of planetary stations and retrogradations. In place of the latter, it argues in favour of a heliodynamic theory inspired by Roman sources such as Pliny, which underwent certain developments in the works of twelfth-century Latin writers such as William of Conches. Rather than being wholly exceptional, these features are indicative of a degree of disconnect between planetary theory and computational practice in twelfth-century Latin astronomy, which is also detectable in other sources from this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138544829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health and Healing in the Early Modern Iberian World: A Gendered Perspective, edited by Margaret E. Boyle and Sarah E. Cowens 现代早期伊比利亚世界的健康与治疗：Margaret E. Boyle 和 Sarah E. Cowens 编辑的《性别视角》。
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230093
Michele L. Clouse
{"title":"Health and Healing in the Early Modern Iberian World: A Gendered Perspective, edited by Margaret E. Boyle and Sarah E. Cowens","authors":"Michele L. Clouse","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"92 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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