{"title":"Human dental pulp stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles prevent osteoradionecrosis of the jaw in a rat model.","authors":"Go Ohara, Kazuto Okabe, Kotaro Sato, Naoto Toyama, Yuya Ohta, Kento Kaminogo, Junna Watanabe, Norihisa Ichimura, Kiyoshi Sakai, Hideharu Hibi","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.787","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiotherapy (RT) is an important standard treatment for head and neck cancer. On the other hand, osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ), a side effect of RT, is intractable and has been a long-standing problem that needs to be overcome. Cellular senescence has been linked to the development of ORNJ; however, strategies for preventing and treating this disease have not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of human dental pulp stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (hDPSC-sEV) on ORNJ. The effects of hDPSC-sEV treatment on rat bone marrow cells (rBMC) were examined in vitro. In addition, hDPSC-sEV were administered intravenously to a rat ORNJ model, and the extraction socket was examined radiologically and histologically. In vitro, rBMC treated with hDPSC-sEV immediately after irradiation showed downregulated expression of senescence-related genes. In vivo, the extraction sockets of the ORNJ models treated with hDPSC-sEV showed more new bone and greater coverage with gingiva relative to those observed in the comparison groups. This study suggests that hDPSC-sEV may inhibit ORNJ development. One possible mechanism is that hDPSC-sEV inhibit radiation-induced cellular senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"787-800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miaomiao Liu, Bimeng Zhang, Zhaoqin Wang, Haixin Gou, Jimeng Zhao, Maoqing Ye, Changfeng Song, Xingang Lu, Yan Ji, Jie Meng, Tao Wu, Huangan Wu
{"title":"Acupuncture alleviates the progression of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting X-inactive specific transcript-mediated activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 signaling.","authors":"Miaomiao Liu, Bimeng Zhang, Zhaoqin Wang, Haixin Gou, Jimeng Zhao, Maoqing Ye, Changfeng Song, Xingang Lu, Yan Ji, Jie Meng, Tao Wu, Huangan Wu","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.644","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acupuncture (AP) has been widely used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to identify whether acupuncture can relieve KOA progress via inhibiting X-inactive specific transcript (XIST)-mediated Piezo1 activation. The OA cells treated by interleukin (IL)-1β, and rat OA models induced by monosodium iodoacetate were established respectively. The expression of XIST, Piezo1, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-degeneration proteins were evaluated. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The binding interaction between XIST and Piezo1 was performed using RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay (RIP). When XIST is knocked down, apoptosis is significantly reduced, and CHON-001 cell proliferation is increased in comparison to control and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Function tests revealed that both in vitro and in vivo, siRNA targeting XIST (si-XIST) increased cell proliferation while preventing apoptosis, ECM degradation, and the production of inflammatory factors. Additionally, we demonstrated that XIST and Piezo1 were bound together via insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) binding proteins 2 (IGF2BP2), with Piezo1 serving as XIST's target. The effects of XIST downregulation were reversed by Piezo1 activation via rescue tests conducted both in vitro and in vivo. Piezo1's expression was reversed after XIST knockdown by IGF2BP2 overexpression. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of acupuncture in mitigating the progression of KOA by targeting the XIST-mediated activation of the Piezo1 pathway. By inhibiting this pathway, acupuncture may offer a promising approach to ameliorate the symptoms and slow the progression of KOA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"644-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei Oura, Tomoe Inoue-Hirakawa, Asaka Goto, Yasushi Uchiyama
{"title":"Mediating role of health literacy in self-care among female college students with menstrual symptoms: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mei Oura, Tomoe Inoue-Hirakawa, Asaka Goto, Yasushi Uchiyama","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.776","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the mediating role of health literacy in self-care among female college students with menstrual symptoms. The participants were female students at Nagoya University who were aged ≥18 years, and 144 were included in the analysis. We used a questionnaire to investigate menstrual symptoms, self-care for menstruation, and their effect on daily life and health literacy. We defined high health literacy as scores equal to or above the median, and low health literacy as scores below the median, using the total score of the health literacy scale for female of reproductive age. In the high health literacy group, the intensity of menstrual pain and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire score were significantly higher than those in the low health literacy group. The high health literacy group had significantly more regular menstrual cycles than the low health literacy group. The high health literacy group had a significantly higher rate of taking a contraceptive pill than the low health literacy group. The percentages of female students affected by menstrual symptoms during their academic studies and in non-physical leisure activities were significantly higher in the high health literacy group than in the low health literacy group. The high health literacy group also had significantly higher total self-care scores than the low health literacy group. Moreover, health literacy mediated the relationship between menstrual symptoms and self-care. These results suggest that health literacy is an important factor linking menstrual symptoms to self-care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"776-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expanding the therapeutic horizon of <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE: a review of current evidence.","authors":"Ryogo Minamimoto, Katsuhiko Kato, Shingo Iwano, Ryuichi Nishii, Yumi Abe, Shinji Naganawa","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.607","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogenous group of neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells, most frequently found in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. A defining feature of NETs is the overexpression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), particularly subtype 2 (SSTR2), which is the primary target for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic interventions. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE, a radiolabeled somatostatin analog, has emerged as a transformative alternative for patients with advanced or progressive well-differentiated NETs. Considering that SSTR expression is also present in various other tumors-including pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, meningiomas, and medullary thyroid carcinomas-there is increasing interest in expanding the use of PRRT to other SSTR-positive malignancies. This review aimed to present evidence, explore ongoing clinical research, and highlight emerging directions for <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE therapy beyond gastroenteropancreatic NETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"607-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junko Hoshino, Koji Tamakoshi, Masashi Hotta, Suguri Muto, Naomi Furukawa
{"title":"Relationship between support and job satisfaction among nurses working in residential long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Junko Hoshino, Koji Tamakoshi, Masashi Hotta, Suguri Muto, Naomi Furukawa","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.680","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quality of care in care facilities for older adults varies according to the employees' satisfaction level. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the level of support from supervisors and colleagues and job satisfaction among nurses working in care facilities for older persons. Using a cross-sectional design, we analyzed the responses of 295 nurses in long-term care facilities in Japan to a questionnaire survey. The surveyed items included the nurses' satisfaction with their current job (the dependent variable), and the degree of support from supervisors and colleagues. Of the 295 nurses, 166 (56.3%) were satisfied with their nursing jobs. Additionally, 125 (42.4%) nurses had low support from both supervisors and colleagues, 110 (37.3%) had high support from either supervisors or colleagues, and 60 (20.3%) had high support from both. There was a positive association between support from supervisors and nurses' satisfaction. Furthermore, based on the criterion of low support from supervisors and colleagues, high support from either or both was significantly associated with nurses' satisfaction (an odds ratio of 2.04 in the case of support from either and 4.02 in the case of support from both). These results suggest that there should be strategic hiring and training of managers who can support staff, as well as the strengthening of teamwork.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"680-690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 promotes distraction osteogenesis healing by activating both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.","authors":"Makoto Tsuboi, Masahito Fujio, Qi Chang, Huiting Bian, Masashi Wakasugi, Yuqing Liu, Hideharu Hibi","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.719","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distraction osteogenesis can induce substantial skeletal tissue regeneration; however, the treatment duration is long, making the procedure suboptimal for clinical care. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase inhibitors might promote bone generation in distraction osteogenesis and shorten treatment durations. However, the relationship between Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase inhibitors and distraction osteogenesis levels has not been described. In this study, we focused on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are essential for bone remodeling and regeneration. Proliferation assay, boyden chamber, and wound healing assay were performed on MC3T3-E1 and RAW264 cells. Osteogenic differentiation assay was performed on MC3T3-E1 cells, and osteoclast differentiation assay was performed on RAW264 cells. Samples collected from distraction osteogenesis model mice were subjected to micro-computed tomography analysis and tissue staining. We found that Y-27632, a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase inhibitor, promoted cell motility and affected cell differentiation and bone differentiation in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells. We also found that Y-27632 promoted cell motility and osteoclast differentiation in the osteoclast precursor RAW264 cells. In vivo experiments showed that the local administration of Y-27632 in a mouse distraction osteogenesis model promoted bone formation and increased the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the distraction osteogenesis gap. These findings demonstrate that Y-27632 promotes bone formation in a mouse distraction osteogenesis model. Collectively, the study findings suggest that Y-27632 can be used as a therapeutic agent to promote distraction osteogenesis healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"719-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traumatic wound dehiscence after penetrating keratoplasty: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Mustafa Yıldırım, Sadullah Keleş","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.742","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic wound dehiscence is one of the most serious postoperative complications that can be seen after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Depending on the damage caused by the trauma to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, the level of vision can be most severely affected. Data from 17 eyes of 17 patients treated for traumatic wound dehiscence after PK between 2013 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient records were reviewed for type and time of injury, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), surgical method, and final results. The incidence of graft dehiscence was 2.46% (17 eyes) in 690 PK eyes. The interval between PK and trauma ranged from 2 months to 60 months, with a median of 10 months. The median age at trauma was 36.7 years (range, 12-78 years). Wound dehiscence occurred at the donor-recipient interface in all patients, and 75.2% of graft dehiscence occurred at 16 months postoperatively. In all patients, the wound was closed by primary repair under general anesthesia. The mean follow-up period was 16.4±12.3 months (4-66 months). Median CDVA was 4 mps (range, 2 mps- 0.2, Snellen chart) at final visit. Graft failure was the most common complication after wound repair (29.42%). This study aimed to demonstrate the postoperative outcomes due to traumatic wound dehiscence after PK.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"742-746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saša Plećević, Miloš Glišić, Emilija Stojanović, Dragana Bubanja, Ivan Srejović, Vladimir Živković, Vladimir Fisenko, Stefan Zečar, Vladimir Jakovljević
{"title":"A 12-week cycling program improves glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and body composition in women with insulin resistance: a pilot study.","authors":"Saša Plećević, Miloš Glišić, Emilija Stojanović, Dragana Bubanja, Ivan Srejović, Vladimir Živković, Vladimir Fisenko, Stefan Zečar, Vladimir Jakovljević","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.730","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of a cycling intervention on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and body composition in individuals with insulin resistance and excess body weight. Seven women participants completed a 12-week supervised cycling program (20-30 min/day, 3 days/wk). Body composition assessments and biochemical analyses, including oral glucose tolerance tests, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoproteins, were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Paired <i>t</i>-tests and Hedge's <i>g</i> assessed changes in body composition, lipid profile, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while a 2×4 repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) analyzed exercise- and time-related effects on glucose and insulin. Post-intervention, significant moderate reductions were observed in body fat mass (p = 0.020, g = -0.52), body fat percentage (p = 0.006, g = -0.55), visceral fat area (p = 0.005, g = -0.64), and waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001, g = -0.87). A significant, small reduction in non-high-density lipoproteins was also noted (p = 0.016, g = -0.34). A 2×4 repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of exercise on glucose concentration (p = 0.031; η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub> = 0.640, moderate), with lower post-exercise levels. Additionally, a significant time×exercise interaction was observed for insulin concentration (p = 0.009; η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub> = 0.30, moderate). Follow-up tests comparing pre to post-exercise changes revealed significant decreases in insulin levels at 30-min (p < 0.001), 60-min (p = 0.008), and 120-min (p = 0.011) postload. These findings suggest a 12-week cycling intervention improves glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and body composition in overweight women with insulin resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"730-741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors related to physical violence and verbal abuse by residents for public health nurses during home visits.","authors":"Kazunari Kobayashi","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.664","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, customer harassment has attracted considerable attention in various professional fields. Home visits are the basis of public health nurses' activities, but there are few reports on customer harassment during home visits. This study clarified the current situation and factors related to verbal abuse and physical violence experienced from residents during public health nurses' home visits. Data were collected from 80 individuals through a mailed survey of 154 public health nurses employed at 17 health centers in Gifu Prefecture. The survey utilized anonymous and self-administered questionnaires (response rate, 51.9%). The analysis showed that 80.0% of the participants had experienced the verbal abuse by residents during home visits, and 16.3% had experienced the physical violence. Result of logistic analysis, those who had experienced verbal abuse were approximately 10 times more likely to experience physical violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=9.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.49-39.79). Additionally, it was suggested that a factor associated with verbal abuse was \"the number of months from starting work until visiting alone.\" In contrast, factors associated with physical violence included \"total years of experience as a public health nurse,\" \"highest level of education,\" \"qualifications,\" \"type of work,\" and \"experience outside of public health center or health center.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"664-679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new pneumatic lymphatic drainage device enhancing lymphatic flow in lower limbs with lymphedema: a single-center, single-arm, prospective, open-label, non-randomized, exploratory study.","authors":"Akira Shinaoka, Shinya Kitayama, Shinsuke Akita, Jiro Maegawa, Yoshihiro Kimata","doi":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.632","DOIUrl":"10.18999/nagjms.87.4.632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphedema is the swelling of tissues caused by lymphatic stasis. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), a treatment device for lymphedema, improves lymphatic flow using multiple donut-shaped air chambers with graduated compression from the distal. However, the lymphatic pathway has complicated three-dimensional networks; thus, a simple donut-shaped air chamber cannot adapt to the anatomy. A new pneumatic lymphatic drainage (PLD) device consisting of multiple round air chambers located according to the lymphatic pathways was collaboratively developed with a company. The device's air chambers simulate a therapist's manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) movements; however, the efficacy of this novel PLD is unknown. This feasibility study evaluated the lymphatic flow change by lymphoscintigraphy under PLD in 18 lower limbs with lymphedema and showed that the PLD enhanced lymphatic flow, especially in limbs with mild lymphedema. Previous reports have shown that in patients with lymphedema, improving lymphatic flow requires IPC with a high pressure (~100 mmHg). Although the PLD in this study only utilized mild pressure (50 mmHg) for 10 min, the tracer injected into the distal leg moved stably to the inguinal region. MLD promotes flexible lymphatic flow in response to anatomical variations; however, technical heterogeneity, labor costs, and other problems exist. PLD that can imitate MLD would solve these problems derived from human power.</p>","PeriodicalId":49014,"journal":{"name":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","volume":"87 4","pages":"632-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}