Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Radiographic features of recurrent glandular odontogenic cysts","authors":"Dr. Suvendra Vijayan ,&nbsp;Mr. Neil Sudan ,&nbsp;Ms. Jeyda Turker ,&nbsp;Mr. Matthew Jenny ,&nbsp;Dr. Elizabeth Ann Bilodeau","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>We present a case series of recurrent glandular odontogenic cysts (rGOC), a rare, aggressive odontogenic cyst seen commonly in the anterior mandible of middle-aged women with reported recurrence rates of 22%. Some of the histologic features present in GOCs are nonspecific and may be present in other odontogenic cysts (e.g. mucous cells, apocrine snouting, ciliating, multiple compartments). Our objective is to analyze the radiographic features of rGOCs from our institution.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>The University of Pittsburgh Pathology archives were searched for rGOCs (1993-2022). In total, 265 glandular odontogenic cysts were diagnosed with a recurrence rate of 2.3%. We reviewed the pathology reports and available imaging for the clinicopathologic features of our recurrent cases and paired primary cases, when available.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We assembled a series of 6 patients with 7 rGOCs, with one patient having 2 recurrences. Average time to recurrence was 10.7 years (range 2.3-22.6 years), with a mean age at initial diagnosis of 50.3 years (range 24-69) and no sex predilection (male:female 1:1). All cases presented in the anterior gnathic region with an even jaw distribution (maxilla:mandible 1:1).</div><div>Radiographic descriptions were available on all cases. Primary radiology was available for review in 3 cases. The mean size (greatest dimension) was 2.5 cm (range 1.0-4.0 cm). Lesions were multilocular, associated with the periapex of the teeth. Other features observed included root resorption, perforation of the cortex, and tooth displacement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In our single institution experience, rGOC are most common in the anterior gnathic region with lower recurrence rates than stated in the literature. Given the overlapping histologic features used criteria for the diagnosis of GOC, radiographic correlation may be important in the diagnosis of equivocal odontogenic cysts with GOC-like features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suboptimal patient positioning with panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging: effects on dose","authors":"Dr. Colin LaPrade ,&nbsp;Prof. Brandon Johnson ,&nbsp;Dr. Angela Broome ,&nbsp;Dr. André Mol ,&nbsp;Dr. Marija Ivanovic ,&nbsp;Dr. John Ludlow","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study is to examine the effects of various changes in patient positioning on radiation exposure for panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) extraoral radiographic examinations. Specific objectives include measuring equivalent and effective dose by means of radiation dosimetry with a tissue-equivalent phantom for each modality, with intentional changes in position to the craniofacial complex.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Simulated panoramic and CBCT radiographic examinations at optimal positioning in addition to 6 suboptimal positions—anterior, posterior, and lateral shifts by 1 cm; and neck extension (i.e., chin tilted up), flexion (i.e., chin tiled down), and rotation by 10 degrees—were completed using an adult tissue-equivalent phantom. Dosimetry was acquired using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters placed at 24 anatomical sites in the head/neck region. Exposures were made with the RayScan Alpha Plus x-ray unit using the following exposure parameters for panoramic imaging: 13.9 seconds, 80 kVp, 14 mA; and for CBCT: 14.0 seconds, 90 kVp, 11 mA. Five CBCT and 10 panoramic exposures, respectively, were made to ensure adequate exposure to all sites of interest.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No increases in E were determined for suboptimal panoramic conditions. E for anterior shift (26.9 μSv) and posterior shift (28.1 μSv) demonstrated statistically-significant decreases (<em>P</em> &lt; .001) when compared with optimal positioning (50.0 μSv). For CBCT, no statistically significant changes for E were determined, although equivalent thyroid dose was significantly increased (<em>P</em> = .003) when the chin was titled down (1882.7 μSv) in comparison with optimal positioning (1674.4 μSv).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>No suboptimal positions resulted in significant increases in E for either CBCT or panoramic imaging. Initial results suggest that tilting the chin down may increase exposure to the thyroid gland for CBCT imaging. Additional exposures at smaller fields of view are warranted, in addition to exposures with a stabilized thyroid gland position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of accuracy and reliability of intraoral ultrasound using ex vivo and in vivo data","authors":"Mr. Jiaqing Wang ,&nbsp;Mr. Lucas Graf-Alexiou ,&nbsp;Dr. Kim-Cuong T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ms. Trang H. Hoang ,&nbsp;Prof. Paul Major ,&nbsp;Prof. Lawrence H. Le","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of intraoral ultrasound (US) imaging for assessing periodontal parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Measurements from human cadavers and orthodontic patients were used to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of high-frequency (20 MHz) intraoral ultrasonography. First, measurement accuracy was assessed on US and micro-computed tomography (<em>μ</em>CT) images for the maxillary and mandibular teeth from 3 cadavers (aged 62, 70, and 75 years), which were donated by the Department of Anatomy at the University of Alberta. Fifty pairs of US and corresponding <em>μ</em>CT images were selected for measurements. Two trained raters measured the alveolar bone level (ABL) between the cementum-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest (ABC), and the thickness of the alveolar bone near its crest (ABT) on both types of images, following a 2-week calibration exercise. The accuracy was evaluated using <em>t</em> tests, and Bland-Altman plots. Second, reliability evaluation was conducted on clinical US images of 134 teeth including central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and premolars from 19 adolescent orthodontic patients. Three raters performed measurements of 4 parameters twice on the clinical US images: ABL, ABT, the gingiva thickness close to the ABC (GT1), and the gingiva thickness 2 mm away from the gingival margin (GT2). The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Accuracy evaluation revealed low bias in Bland-Altman analysis, and the <em>t</em> tests had <em>P</em> values &gt; .2. Reliability evaluation demonstrated excellent intraclass correlation coefficient scores (&gt;0.9) for ABL, GC1, and GC2, and good scores (&gt;0.8) for ABT measurements in both inter- and intra-rater analyses on US.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The accuracy analysis on the cadavers showed no statistically significant difference in measurements between US and <em>μ</em>CT. The reliability analysis on clinical data demonstrated high intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for the periodontal measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying indirect restorations using 2-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional imaging by using low dose and standard protocols on 2 different cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines","authors":"Dr. Jyoti Mago ,&nbsp;Mr. Smith Luke ,&nbsp;Mr. Nicholas Bautista ,&nbsp;Dr. Rosemary McPharlin ,&nbsp;Dr. Neamat Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The present research aims to evaluate how or whether clinicians can use 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional imaging modalities to identify different indirect restorative materials inside a patient's oral cavity, qualitatively and quantitatively, by looking at their densities and radiographic appearances on two and three-dimensional imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The crowns of the fixed indirect restorative materials, gold, lithium disilicate, PFM, lava, and zirconia, were imaged using 2-dimensional imaging; charge-coupled device sensor and 3-dimensional imaging using both low-dose cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan protocol and standard 360-degree CBCT scan using I-cat and standard 360-degree CBCT scan using Prexion CBCT machines, respectively. The sample calculation was done by using, F tests – analysis of variance. Taking an alpha error of 5% and the power required of 90% of the sample size of 5 gave 100% power. The radiographs were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by 2 calibrated dental students. The radiopacity of the indirect restorations was compared with the graduated aluminum 9-mm step-wedge and by using CBCT gray values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Density values when compared with the aluminum step and the CBCT gray values were variable for the aforementioned indirect restorative materials. In addition, the CBCT gray values were greater in the low-dose protocol as compared to the standard acquisition parameters. The higher the CBCT gray values, the more scatter. There was not any evidence of scatter by Lava on any machine/ or any protocol, normal or low dose protocol. The CBCT gray values change with the setting of the scan and were variable from machine to machine. Overall, qualitatively, these metallic restorations were better visualized on 2-dimensional imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Radiographic assessment tools can aid the dental practitioner in differentiating between different fixed restorative materials in the mouth. On a 2-dimensional radiograph, assessment appears to be more reliable as compared to 3-dimensional imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Pages e96-e97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic capability of intraoral ultrasound imaging in periodontium assessment: a systematic review","authors":"Dr. Carlos Alberto Figueredo ,&nbsp;Dr. Raisa Catunda ,&nbsp;Prof. Monica Gibson ,&nbsp;Prof. Paul Major ,&nbsp;Dr. Fabiana Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically review the diagnostic applications of ultrasound (US) imaging to evaluate periodontal tissues in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The search was conducted on Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed up to April 3, 2023. The studies included were exclusively human studies that assessed the periodontium with US imaging (b-mode). Outcomes measured included alveolar bone level, alveolar bone thickness, gingival thickness, and blood flow quantification. References were imported to Covidence. Two reviewers conducted phases 1 and 2. The JBI risk assessment tool for cross-sectional studies was used. Extracted data included the transducer and measurements used and the study's outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search yielded 4892 studies after removing duplicates. From these, 25 studies were included and selected for extraction. Included studies retrieved outcomes from US examinations of the periodontal tissues. From the selected studies, 15 used US on natural teeth, 4 used US on implants, 2 used US on edentulous ridges, and 4 used Doppler US to evaluate the blood flow.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of the present systematic review suggest that US might be a feasible and valuable diagnostic tool for the periodontium, with the potential to complement shortfalls of current radiographic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of mandibular molar furcation involvement on intraoral radiograph by machine learning","authors":"Dr. Fiondra Baldwin ,&nbsp;Dr. Jared Cole ,&nbsp;Mr. Jordan Welborn ,&nbsp;Dr. Nic Herndon ,&nbsp;Dr. Wenjian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is speculated to help accomplish sophisticated human tasks owing to its rapid development. Radiology is at the forefront of health care specialties that are readily accessible by AI. There are studies investigating the accuracy of AI in diagnosis of dentoalveolar pathoses. However, not much is known if AI is able to detect molar furcation involvement (FI), a condition that may have limited clinic accessibility. The objective of the study is to evaluate the detection of mandibular molar FI on intraoral radiograph by machine learning.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>The school's Axium was screened and patients with or without mandibular molar FI were enrolled. Mandibular molar periapical radiographs were cropped into single tooth images and annotated manually as healthy or FI. The images were divided as training, validation and test sets. Multiple machine learning models were trained to identify FI. Images were fed into these classifiers and their diagnostic accuracy for molar FI was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preliminary, 55 healthy and 66 FI molars were evaluated. Twelve classifiers were modified and tested, which included neural net, RBF, SVM, Adaboost, QDA, decision tree, random forest, nearest neighbors, logistic regression, Gaussian process, linear SVM, and naive Bayes. They demonstrated accuracy in the range of 45% to 60%, with random forest performing the best with 60% accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Machine learning seems to be a promising tool in detection of mandibular molar FI on intraoral radiograph. Larger sample size is needed to further improve the diagnostic performance of the algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using thickened lamina dura as a predictor of developing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)","authors":"Mr. Abhay Dhand ,&nbsp;Dr. Trevor Thang ,&nbsp;Dr. Gaurav Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The etiology of the radiographic finding, lamina dura thickening, in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), is unknown but thought to be a result of osteoclastic inhibition by antiresorptive medication. Given that lamina dura thickening is present in all stages of MRONJ, this study hypothesizes that a thickened lamina dura may act as a surrogate marker for excessive osteoclastic inhibition and can serve as a predictor of the exposed-variant of MRONJ prior to tooth extraction.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>This retrospective case-control study evaluated patients with multiple myeloma who were taking antiresorptive medications and were treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital Dental Oncology Clinic (Toronto, Canada) between December 2011 and December 2021. Patients were eligible if they were taking antiresorptive medications (bisphosphonates or denosumab), had undergone 1 or more tooth extractions with accompanying diagnostic preoperative radiographs, and had documented follow-up of at least 8 weeks postextraction. Patients were excluded if they had any previous diagnosis of MRONJ or previous radiation to the head and neck. Three oral and maxillofacial radiologists were trained to identify and assess the lamina dura thickening quantitatively and qualitatively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study will discuss the findings from analyzing 50 cases. Cases were 1:1 age-sex matched with controls. Data were collected regarding MRONJ diagnosis, tooth extraction and last follow-up dates, type of antiresorptive medication, and lamina dura thickness (determined using pre-extraction radiographs). Parameters were defined for normal, thickened, and very thickened lamina dura.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this study will serve to inform future research on risk factors for MRONJ development. Furthermore, it can be used by dentists to properly inform their patients about their specific risk of developing MRONJ pre-operatively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic detection of radiographic alveolar bone levels in bitewing and periapical intraoral radiographs using deep-learning technology: a pilot study","authors":"Dr. Amjad Alghaihab ,&nbsp;Dr. Antonio Moretti ,&nbsp;Dr. Jonathan Reside ,&nbsp;Dr. Don Tyndall","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This pilot study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep-learning platform, employing convolutional neural networks (Denti.AI Technology), in detecting radiographic alveolar bone levels in bitewing and periapical digital intraoral radiographs.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>The pretrained deep-learning model was tested using 22 periapical radiographs and 17 bitewing radiographs. The reference standard for the study was a consensus of 3 board-certified dental specialists. The panel followed the American Academy of Periodontology guidelines to identify radiographic bone loss on the basis of specific criteria for bitewing and periapical radiographs. Performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, and mean absolute error (MAE) of the deep learning detecting bone levels were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Standalone performance analysis revealed a sensitivity of 76%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value of 83%, negative predictive value of 80%, accuracy of 81%, and MAE of 0.046 for periapical radiographs. Bitewing radiographs exhibited a sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 88%, negative predictive value of 70%, accuracy of 76%, and MAE of 0.499.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This pilot study highlights the potential of deep-learning technology, using convolutional neural networks, for automatic detection of radiographic alveolar bone levels in bitewing and periapical intraoral radiographs. The achieved diagnostic performance metrics indicate promising uses for this technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Pages e70-e71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated characterization of arterial calcification in dental cone beam computed tomographic images as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease","authors":"Dr. Amr Ahmed ,&nbsp;Dr. Mina Mahdian","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to train and deploy a deep convolutional neural network, to automatically detect and localize arterial calcifications on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies. Additionally, radiomics analysis will be performed to further characterize these calcifications using parameters such as, texture, voxel spatial distribution, signal intensity, etc., to estimate the risk of cardiovascular incidents</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>CBCT scans acquired at Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine Dental Care Center between 2015 and 2022 will be used for this study. Studies will be designated as determined by an oral and maxillofacial radiology resident, and confirmed by the report in the patient's Axium chart, signed by a board-certified oral maxillofacial radiologist. These volumes will be segmented by an oral radiology resident and pre-doctoral dental students and checked by a board certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist before submission to the artificial intelligence (AI) team.</div><div>An algorithm will be developed and trained on the mentioned data with the aims of (1) detecting carotid artery calcifications by using volumetric segmentations with unanimous interobserver agreement on the segmentation accuracy; (2) independently localizing and segmenting carotid artery calcifications (cervical and intracranial); (3) determining the accuracy at which the algorithm localizes, and segments carotid artery calcifications with explainable outcomes; and (4) correlating the extractable features of these findings with the risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The first set of CBCT volumes were segmented, verified, and are being processed for algorithm development and training. Results will be presented at the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology meeting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It is expected that a CNN can be reliably trained to detect and segment arterial calcifications with accuracy similar to a trained oral and maxillofacial radiologist. Furthermore, the CNN is anticipated to deliver a predictive risk score for cardiovascular disease incidents based on the radiographic features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound protocols for measuring masseter muscle","authors":"Ms. Min Lin ,&nbsp;Dr. Daniel Leotta ,&nbsp;Mr. Matthew Chen ,&nbsp;Dr. Peggy Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oooo.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Temporomandibular disorders are frequently treated using botulinum neurotoxin, which may relieve pain by limiting masseter muscle function and reducing size. Masseter size is generally measured by direct visualization/palpation. Muscle size can be objectively and noninvasively imaged using 2-dimensional (2-D) ultrasound, but protocols have not been standardized. This study aims to validate 2-D ultrasound protocols for measuring masseter muscle.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Ten adult volunteers were recruited. Each volunteer was scanned (right/left masseters) in relaxed/clenched positions. A single muscle examination consisted of a 2-,D a 3-dimensional (3-D), and then a second 2-D scan. SCAN 2-D scanning protocol included 3 short-axis (superior/middle/inferior) and 3 long-axis (anterior/middle/posterior) views. Each subject was scanned twice, roughly 15 minutes apart. The 3-D scanning protocol consisted of 30-second sweeps acquired over the muscle. Shallow/deep muscle borders were manually traced on all images. Average muscle thickness and thickness at the image center were calculated using custom software. Agreement between scans was assessed using the Bland-Altman plot. We compared 2-D scan measurements with the 3-D reconstructed measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) High intra-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99) and inter-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98) reliability was found. (2) Muscle thickness measured at the image center is similar to the average muscle thickness. (3) Most repeatable scan location is at the longitudinal middle in both relaxed/clenched states. (4) Scanning muscle at both states are repeatable, with relaxed scans yielding slightly greater repeatability. (5) Difference in repeatability when the operator stood at the same and opposite side of the muscle scanned is negligible. (6) Location of the maximum thickness increase in the clenched state varied between subjects. (7) Measurements from 2-D scans are correlated to 3-D volume measurements, R-squared = 0.86 (clenched), 0.95 (relaxed).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our 2-D scanning protocol is reproducible regardless of muscle contraction state or the operator position. The result of this study is that our protocol allows better observation of muscle size/thickness changes, which can lead to better treatment analysis after neurotoxin or trigger point injection in the clinic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49010,"journal":{"name":"Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology","volume":"139 3","pages":"Page e70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}