Applied Clinical Informatics最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Ambient Voice Technology, Natural Language Processing, and Artificial Intelligence on the Patient-Physician Relationship.","authors":"Lance M Owens, J Joshua Wilda, Ronald Grifka, Joan Westendorp, Jeffrey J Fletcher","doi":"10.1055/a-2337-4739","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2337-4739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> The method of documentation during a clinical encounter may affect the patient-physician relationship.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> Evaluate how the use of ambient voice recognition, coupled with natural language processing and artificial intelligence (DAX), affects the patient-physician relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> This was a prospective observational study with a primary aim of evaluating any difference in patient satisfaction on the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire-9 (PDRQ-9) scale between primary care encounters in which DAX was utilized for documentation as compared to another method. A single-arm open-label phase was also performed to query direct feedback from patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> A total of 288 patients were include in the open-label arm and 304 patients were included in the masked phase of the study comparing encounters with and without DAX use. In the open-label phase, patients strongly agreed that the provider was more focused on them, spent less time typing, and made the encounter feel more personable. In the masked phase of the study, no difference was seen in the total PDRQ-9 score between patients whose encounters used DAX (median: 45, interquartile range [IQR]: 8) and those who did not (median: 45 [IQR: 3.5]; <i>p</i> = 0.31). The adjusted odds ratio for DAX use was 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.48-1.34) for the patient reporting complete satisfaction on how well their clinician listened to them during their encounter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Patients strongly agreed with the use of ambient voice recognition, coupled with natural language processing and artificial intelligence (DAX) for documentation in primary care. However, no difference was detected in the patient-physician relationship on the PDRQ-9 scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Differences in Perspectives on Postpartum Symptom Reporting.","authors":"Natalie C Benda, Ruth M Masterson Creber, Roberta Scheinmann, Stephanie Nino de Rivera, Eric Costa Pimentel, Robin B Kalish, Laura E Riley, Alison Hermann, Jessica S Ancker","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788328","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong> The overall goal of this work is to create a patient-reported outcome (PRO) and decision support system to help postpartum patients determine when to seek care for concerning symptoms. In this case study, we assessed differences in perspectives for application design needs based on race, ethnicity, and preferred language.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> A sample of 446 participants who reported giving birth in the past 12 months was recruited from an existing survey panel. We sampled participants from four self-reported demographic groups: (1) English-speaking panel, Black/African American race, non-Hispanic ethnicity; (2) Spanish-speaking panel, Hispanic-ethnicity; (3) English-speaking panel, Hispanic ethnicity; (4) English-speaking panel, non-Black race, non-Hispanic ethnicity. Participants provided survey-based feedback regarding interest in using the application, comfort reporting symptoms, desired frequency of reporting, reporting tool features, and preferred outreach pathway for concerning symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Fewer Black participants, compared with all other groups, stated that they had used an app for reporting symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.02), were least interested in downloading the described application (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and found a feature for sharing warning sign information with friends and family least important (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Black and non-Hispanic Black participants also preferred reporting symptoms less frequently as compared with Hispanic participants (English and Spanish-speaking; all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Spanish-speaking Hispanic participants tended to prefer calling their professional regarding urgent warning signs, while Black and English-speaking Hispanic groups tended to express interest in using an online chat or patient portal (all <i>p</i> < 0.05) CONCLUSION:  Different participant groups described distinct preferences for postpartum symptom reporting based on race, ethnicity, and preferred languages. Tools used to elicit PROs should consider how to be flexible for different preferences or tailored toward different groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discount Approach to Reducing Nursing Alert Burden.","authors":"Sarah A Thompson, Swaminathan Kandaswamy, Evan Orenstein","doi":"10.1055/a-2345-6475","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2345-6475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous programs have arisen to address interruptive clinical decision support (CDS) with the goals of reducing alert burden and alert fatigue. These programs often have standing committees with broad stakeholder representation, significant governance efforts, and substantial analyst hours to achieve reductions in alert burden which can be difficult for hospital systems to replicate.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> This study aimed to reduce nursing alert burden with a primary nurse informaticist and small support team through a quality-improvement approach focusing on high-volume alerts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> Target alerts were identified from the period of January 2022 to April 2022 and four of the highest firing alerts were chosen initially, which accounted for 43% of all interruptive nursing alerts and an estimated 86 hours per month of time across all nurses occupied resolving these alerts per month. Work was done concurrently for each alert with design changes based on the Five Rights of CDS and following a quality-improvement framework. Priority for work was based on operational engagement for design review and approval. Once initial design changes were approved, alerts were taken for in situ usability testing and additional changes were made as needed. Final designs were presented to stakeholders for approval prior to implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The total number of interruptive nursing alert firings decreased by 58% from preintervention period (1 January 2022-30 June 2022) to postintervention period (July 1, 2022-December 31, 2022). Action taken on alerts increased from 8.1 to 17.3%. The estimated time spent resolving interruptive alerts summed across all nurses in the system decreased from 197 hours/month to 114 hours/month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> While CDS may improve use of evidence-based practices, implementation without a clear framework for evaluation and monitoring often results in alert burden and fatigue without clear benefits. An alert burden reduction effort spearheaded by a single empowered nurse informaticist efficiently reduced nursing alert burden substantially.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training in Public Health Informatics and Technology Leveraging a Multi-institutional Partnership Model and Emphasizing Experiential Learning.","authors":"Sripriya Rajamani, Kristie C Waterfield, Robin Austin, Vivian Singletary, Yasmin Odowa, Stephanie Miles-Richardson, Tony Winters, Brenton Powers, Feather LaRoche, Sarah Trachet, Jennifer Fritz, Jonathon P Leider, Rebecca Wurtz, Gulzar H Shah","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787979","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong> Though public health is an information-intense profession, there is a paucity of workforce with Public Health Informatics and Technology (PHIT) skills, which was evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This need is addressed through the PHIT workforce program (2021-2025) by the Office of the National Coordinator for training and to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the PHIT workforce. The objective is to share details on the Training in Informatics for Underrepresented Minorities in Public Health (TRIUMPH) consortium, funded by the PHIT workforce program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> The TRIUMPH consortium is a collaboration between academic and practice partners with a commitment to training 879 students in PHIT. The Schools of Public Health and Nursing at the University of Minnesota, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health at Georgia Southern University, Morehouse School of Medicine, and Public Health Informatics Institute offer PHIT training through various programs. Academic institutions focus on student recruitment, developing courses/curriculum, and granting degrees/certificates, and the role of practice partners is to support experiential learning through internships/practicums.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The TRIUMPH consortium is progressing toward its goals, with 692 students (79%) already trained in a PHIT modality as of December 2023. The learners comprise diverse race/ethnicity, including White (48%), Black/African American (32%), Asian (10%), White Hispanic (5%), American Indian/Alaska Native (2%), and Black Hispanic (1%). Numerous internships have been completed in settings ranging from state/local public health agencies to health care delivery systems. Diversity initiatives were supported by partnering with existing programs (e.g., the AMIA First Look program and the Nursing Knowledge Big Data Science conference).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> This consortium model is an excellent approach to informatics training and sharing expertise across partners. It provides scalability and broader geographic outreach while presenting opportunities to students from underrepresented backgrounds. Lessons learned have implications for overall informatics training (e.g., partnerships models, promoting racial/ethnic diversity).</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Primary Care-Integrated Mobile Health Intervention to Monitor between-Visit Asthma Symptoms.","authors":"Jorge A Sulca Flores, Anuj K Dalal, Jessica Sousa, Dinah Foer, Jorge A Rodriguez, Savanna Plombon, David W Bates, Adriana Arcia, Robert S Rudin","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788978","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong> This study aimed to evaluate implementation of a digital remote symptom monitoring intervention that delivered weekly symptom questionnaires and included the option to receive nurse callbacks via a mobile app for asthma patients in primary care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> Research questions were structured by the NASSS (Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up Spread, and Sustainability) framework. Quantitative and qualitative methods assessed scalability of the electronic health record (EHR)-integrated app intervention implemented in a 12-month randomized controlled trial. Data sources included patient asthma control questionnaires; app usage logs; EHRs; and interviews and discussions with patients, primary care providers (PCPs), and nurses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> We included app usage data from 190 patients and interview data from 21 patients and several clinician participants. Among 190 patients, average questionnaire completion rate was 72.3% and retention was 78.9% (i.e., 150 patients continued to use the app at the end of the trial period). App use was lower among Hispanic and younger patients and those with fewer years of education. Of 1,185 nurse callback requests offered to patients. Thirty-three (2.8%) were requested. Of 84 PCP participants, 14 (16.7%) accessed the patient-reported data in the EHR. Analyses showed that the intervention was appropriate for all levels of asthma control; had no major technical barriers; was desirable and useful for patient treatment; involved achievable tasks for patients; required modest role changes for clinicians; and was a minimal burden on the organization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> A clinically integrated symptom monitoring intervention has strong potential for sustained adoption. Inequitable adoption remains a concern. PCP use of patient-reported data during visits could improve intervention adoption but may not be required for patient benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Decision Support Tool to Promote Adoption of New Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Guidelines.","authors":"Lucia An, Paul J Lukac, Deepa Kulkarni","doi":"10.1055/a-2348-3958","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2348-3958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong> This study aimed to increase the adoption of revised newborn hyperbilirubinemia guidelines by building a clinical decision support (CDS) tool into templated notes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> We created a rule-based CDS tool that correctly populates the phototherapy threshold from more than 2,700 possible values directly into the note and guides clinicians to an appropriate follow-up plan consistent with the new recommendations. We manually reviewed notes before and after CDS tool implementation to evaluate new guidelines adherence, and surveys were used to assess clinicians' perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Postintervention documentation showed a decrease in old risk stratification methods (48 to 0.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and an increase in new phototherapy threshold usage (39 to 95%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and inclusion of follow-up guidance (28 to 79%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Survey responses on workflow efficiency and satisfaction did not significantly change after CDS tool implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Our study details an innovative CDS tool that contributed to increased adoption of newly revised guidelines after the addition of this tool to templated notes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need for Expanded Educational Opportunities in Clinical Informatics for Pediatric Trainees.","authors":"Adam P Yan, Julia Yarahuan, Jonathan D Hron","doi":"10.1055/a-2340-7142","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2340-7142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Mobile Apps Used among Medical Students for Learning and Education: A Mixed-Method Concurrent Triangulation Approach.","authors":"Jwaher A Almulhem, Raniah N Aldekhyyel, Samar Binkheder","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788332","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> The use of medical mobile applications (apps) to enhance learning is widespread in medical education. Despite the large number of medical apps used among medical students for learning, many apps have not been evaluated using validated instruments. Finding relevant and valuable apps for student learning might be difficult.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> The objective is to evaluate four medical apps (AMBOSS, ISABEL, Medscape, and OSMOSIS) in improving just-in-time learning among medical students using the Mobile App Rubric for Learning (MARuL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> We employed a mixed-method concurrent triangulation approach. The study included the entire population of third-year medical students at King Saud University. These students were selected due to their use of medical apps for learning for at least 1 year. The MARuL, which consists of four measures: Teaching and Learning, User-centered, Professional, and Usability, was electronically distributed to medical students for assessment. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all measures, and thematic content analysis was applied to analyze responses to open-ended questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The MARuL evaluation revealed that the OSMOSIS app received the highest Usefulness for Learning Score, with Usability Measures being the most positively evaluated measure. Following was the AMBOSS app, which scored highest in the Professional Measures, along with the Medscape and the ISABEL apps. We identified several key features and challenges from analyzing students' responses to open-ended questions regarding the use of the four medical apps. These included six themes: (1) study support and learning tools, (2) comprehensive information, (3) interface experience, (4) cost and accessibility issues, (5) learning methods and content limitations, and (6) user experience and technical issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Equipping medical students with the ability to evaluate and choose medical apps that facilitate just-in-time learning is a crucial element that should be integrated into the medical curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding Unintended Consequences of Pediatric Blood Order Set Updates through In Situ Usability Testing.","authors":"Sarah A Thompson, Herb Williams, Daniel Rzewnicki, Evan Orenstein, Alexis B Carter, Margo Rollins, Beverly Rogers, Swaminathan Kandaswamy","doi":"10.1055/a-2351-9642","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2351-9642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Blood product ordering is a complex process and mistakes can harm patients and lead to poor outcomes. Orders and order sets can be designed to help mitigate errors, but major changes in design can unintentionally cause new errors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> Our objective was as follows: (1) utilize formative in situ usability testing to iteratively improve the design of a redesigned blood product order set prior to go-live, (2) implement changes based on feedback derived from this testing, and (3) compare the error rate, system usability scale (SUS) score, time to task completion, and click counts between the prior order set in use at the time and the revised redesigned order set.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> A multidisciplinary project team convened to redesign blood product orders and order sets from scratch based on a review of the literature and benchmarking against four pediatric academic institutions with the goal of addressing prior ordering errors. The newly redesigned blood product order set was iteratively updated via in situ formative usability testing performed with available clinical users using a concurrent think-aloud protocol in real clinical environments. Errors, SUS scores, time to task completion, and click counts were assessed for the revised redesigned order set using summative testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Formative usability testing with 20 participants led to seven design changes in the redesigned order set which reduced the error rate at go-live. Summative usability testing showed that even though the usability scores were only slightly improved for the revised redesigned order set, the error rates in blood orders were significantly decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Usability testing can identify design errors early in the process which can be rectified prior to implementation, thus avoiding unintended consequences of changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of U.S. Baccalaureate Health Informatics Programs.","authors":"Katie A McCarthy, Christina Eldredge, Fatima Mercado, Anya Wong, Rohan Gajjar","doi":"10.1055/a-2368-3514","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2368-3514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Health informatics (HI) is a growing field of study, yet sparse data are available on the characteristics of undergraduate HI programs in the United States. The lack of a central location for U.S. HI undergraduate program data has led to a gap in information to support current efforts to promote academic standards in the field and attract potential students.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> The objective of this study was to perform an environment scan of colleges and universities within the United States and Puerto Rico to identify undergraduate programs in HI including majors, minors, and undergraduate-level certificates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> Potential institutions offering HI programs were identified from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the Commission for Accreditation of Health Informatics and Health Information Management Education (CAHIIM), the Association of University Programs in Health Administration (AUPHA), the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS), and the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). Publicly available materials for these institutions were reviewed, and data were captured for identified HI programs including geographic location; college or school in which the program was offered; type of degree (if applicable); program title; total credits to complete the program; delivery format; and source of data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> A total of 83 HI programs were identified from 60 institutions and 26 states. The primary finding of this environment scan was that inconsistencies exist among U.S. HI undergraduate programs including variations in offering college/school, title of program, number of credits required, delivery formats, CIP codes, and the type of information published on university/college websites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> This environment scan was a first step in exploring the characteristics of undergraduate HI programs within the United States. Further research is needed on the curricular similarities and differences among the programs, the administrative methods of these interdisciplinary programs, and the information most needed by current and potential undergraduate students.</p>","PeriodicalId":48956,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}