Camilla M Whittington, Mitchell J Hodgson, Christopher R Friesen
{"title":"Convergent Evolution of Pregnancy in Vertebrates.","authors":"Camilla M Whittington, Mitchell J Hodgson, Christopher R Friesen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102029","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viviparity (live birth) represents a significant evolutionary innovation that has emerged in hundreds of lineages of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. The evolution of this trait from the ancestral state of egg laying has involved complex morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic changes, which enable internal development of embryos within the female reproductive tract. Comparable changes have also occurred in oviparous, brooding species that carry developing embryos in locations other than the female reproductive tract. This review explores the taxonomic distribution of vertebrate viviparity and brooding (collectively termed pregnancy), discusses the adaptations associated with internal incubation, and examines hypotheses surrounding the evolution of pregnancy in different lineages. Understanding the mechanisms that have led to the emergence of this trait can illuminate questions about the evolution of reproductive complexity and the processes that led to the emergence of evolutionary innovations that have shaped the remarkable diversity of Earth's fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"189-209"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Genomic Approaches to Characterize and Mitigate Heat Stress in Poultry.","authors":"Carl J Schmidt, Susan J Lamont","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102021","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the burgeoning human population, climate change, and expansion of poultry production in hot climates, it is imperative to aid global food security by enhancing the resilience of thermally challenged poultry. As a complement to management approaches used to mitigate heat stress, we give selected examples of recent studies on heat stress in poultry using various omics technologies. An integrated analysis of positional and functional candidate genes is provided, highlighting the most prominent pathways involved in the heat stress response. We finish by discussing efficient strategies to enhance thermal tolerance of poultry by genomics approaches, advocating for preservation of biodiversity that may provide beneficial allelic variation, and identifying current and future challenges in producing climate-resilient poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"121-141"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Passion for Small Things and Staying Primed: My Career in Virology and Immunology.","authors":"Linda J Saif","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101937","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A love of science and animals, perseverance, and happenstance propelled my career in veterinary virology and immunology. I have focused on deadly enteric and respiratory viral infections in neonatal livestock and humans with an aim to understand their prevalence, pathogenesis, interspecies transmission, and immunity and develop vaccines. Research on animal coronaviruses (CoVs), including their broad interspecies transmission, provided a foundation to understand emerging zoonotic fatal human respiratory CoVs [severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] and reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 to animals. A highlight of my early research was the discovery of the gut-mammary gland-sIgA axis, documenting a common mucosal immune system. The latter remains pivotal to designing maternal vaccines for passive immunity in neonates. Our discovery and innovative cell propagation of fastidious human and animal rotaviruses and caliciviruses and their infectivity in germ-free animals has provided cell-adapted and animal disease models for ongoing virologic and immunologic investigations and vaccines. Nevertheless, besides the research discoveries, my lasting legacy remains the outstanding mentees who have enriched my science and my life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Meulders, Waleed F A Marei, Lien Loier, Jo L M R Leroy
{"title":"Lipotoxicity and Oocyte Quality in Mammals: Pathogenesis, Consequences, and Reversibility.","authors":"Ben Meulders, Waleed F A Marei, Lien Loier, Jo L M R Leroy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102249","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic stress conditions are often characterized by upregulated lipolysis and subsequently increased serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, leading to the uptake of FFAs by non-adipose tissues and impairment of their function. This phenomenon is known as lipotoxicity. The increased serum FFA concentrations are reflected in the ovarian follicular fluid, which can have harmful effects on oocyte development. Several studies using in vitro and in vivo mammalian models showed that altered oocyte metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial mechanisms underlying this detrimental impact. Ultimately, this can impair offspring health through the persistence of defective mitochondria in the embryo, hampering epigenetic reprogramming and early development. In vitro and in vivo treatments to enhance oocyte mitochondrial function are increasingly being developed. This can help to improve pregnancy rates and safeguard offspring health in metabolically compromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"233-254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer K Lane, Terra Kelly, Brian Bird, Erika Chenais, Annette Roug, Gema Vidal, Rodrigo Gallardo, Huaijun Zhou, Grace VanHoy, Woutrina Smith
{"title":"A One Health Approach to Reducing Livestock Disease Prevalence in Developing Countries: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects.","authors":"Jennifer K Lane, Terra Kelly, Brian Bird, Erika Chenais, Annette Roug, Gema Vidal, Rodrigo Gallardo, Huaijun Zhou, Grace VanHoy, Woutrina Smith","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102133","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Challenges in livestock production in developing countries are often linked to a high disease prevalence and may be related to poor husbandry, feeding, and nutrition practices, as well as to inadequate access to preventive veterinary care. Structural barriers including chronic poverty, gender roles, inadequate supply chains, and limitations in surveillance infrastructure further complicate progress. Despite many challenges, the livestock sector substantially contributes to agricultural GDP, and reducing livestock disease prevalence is a goal for many countries. One Health initiatives that work across disciplines and sectors to reduce livestock diseases are underway around the world and use integrated approaches that consider the connections between humans, animals, and their shared environments. The growing recognition of the role livestock play in sustainability and livelihoods, as well as their involvement in zoonotic disease transmission and global health security, has highlighted the need for disease reduction strategies as described in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"277-302"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parasites in a Changing World: Troublesome or in Trouble?","authors":"Chelsea L Wood","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102039","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are plenty of reasons to believe that parasite populations will respond to biodiversity loss, warming, pollution, and other forms of global change. But will global change enhance transmission, increasing the incidence of troublesome parasites that put people, livestock, and wildlife at risk? Or will parasite species decline in abundance-or even become extinct-suggesting trouble on the horizon for parasite biodiversity? Here, I explain why answers have thus far eluded us and suggest new lines of research that would advance the field. Data collected to date suggest that parasites can respond to global change with increases or decreases in abundance, depending on the driver and the parasite. The future will certainly bring outbreaks of some parasites, and these should be addressed to protect human and ecosystem health. But troublesome parasites should not consume all of our research effort, because this changing world contains many parasite species that are in trouble.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"303-323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Bellingham, Neil P Evans, Richard G Lea, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Kevin D Sinclair
{"title":"Reproductive and Metabolic Health Following Exposure to Environmental Chemicals: Mechanistic Insights from Mammalian Models.","authors":"Michelle Bellingham, Neil P Evans, Richard G Lea, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Kevin D Sinclair","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102259","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decline in human reproductive and metabolic health over the past 50 years is associated with exposure to complex mixtures of anthropogenic environmental chemicals (ECs). Real-life EC exposure has varied over time and differs across geographical locations. Health-related issues include declining sperm quality, advanced puberty onset, premature ovarian insufficiency, cancer, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Prospective animal studies with individual and limited EC mixtures support these observations and provide a means to investigate underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. The greatest impacts of EC exposure are through programming of the developing embryo and/or fetus, with additional placental effects reported in eutherian mammals. Single-chemical effects and mechanistic studies, including transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, have been undertaken in rodents. Important translational models of human exposure are provided by companion animals, due to a shared environment, and sheep exposed to anthropogenic chemical mixtures present in pastures treated with sewage sludge (biosolids). Future animal research should prioritize EC mixtures that extend beyond a single developmental stage and/or generation. This would provide a more representative platform to investigate genetic and underlying mechanisms that explain sexually dimorphic and individual effects that could facilitate mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"411-440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Evolutionary Perspective on Dog Behavioral Genetics.","authors":"Kathryn A Lord, Frances L Chen, Elinor K Karlsson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101954","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs have played an outsized role in the field of behavioral genetics since its earliest days. Their unique evolutionary history and ubiquity in the modern world make them a potentially powerful model system for discovering how genetic changes lead to changes in behavior. Genomic technology has supercharged this potential by enabling scientists to sequence the DNA of thousands of dogs and test for correlations with behavioral traits. However, fractures in the early history of animal behavior between biological and psychological subfields may be impeding progress. In addition, canine behavioral genetics has included almost exclusively dogs from modern breeds, who represent just a small fraction of all dog diversity. By expanding the scope of dog behavior studies, and incorporating an evolutionary perspective on canine behavioral genetics, we can move beyond associations to understanding the complex interactions between genes and environment that lead to dog behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"167-188"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future of Immune Modulation in Animal Agriculture.","authors":"Jodi L McGill, Crystal L Loving, Marcus E Kehrli","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102209","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune modulation in animal agriculture has been of research interest for several decades, yet only a few immunomodulators have received regulatory approval in the United States and around the world. In this review, we summarize market and regulatory environments impacting commercial development of immunomodulators for use in livestock and poultry. In the United States, very few immunomodulators have received regulatory approval for use in livestock by either the US Department of Agriculture Center for Veterinary Biologics or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To date, only one immunomodulator has received FDA approval, and an extensive body of peer-reviewed literature is available regarding the basis for its use and health benefits. We present a more thorough review of the history and impact of this immune restorative. Finally, we discuss the interaction of immunomodulators on health, metabolism, and other factors impacting the future of immune modulation in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"255-275"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Cann, Yanfen Cheng, Manal A B Alhawsawi, Mallory Moran, Yuqi Li, Tian Gong, Weiyun Zhu, Roderick I Mackie
{"title":"Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production.","authors":"Isaac Cann, Yanfen Cheng, Manal A B Alhawsawi, Mallory Moran, Yuqi Li, Tian Gong, Weiyun Zhu, Roderick I Mackie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Second-generation biofuel production, which aims to convert lignocellulose to liquid transportation fuels, could be transformative in worldwide energy portfolios. A bottleneck impeding its large-scale deployment is conversion of the target polysaccharides in lignocellulose to their unit sugars for microbial fermentation to the desired fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the two major polysaccharides in lignocellulose, are complex in nature, and their interactions with pectin and lignin further increase their recalcitrance to depolymerization. This review focuses on the intricate linkages present in the feedstocks of interest and examines the potential of the enzymes evolved by microbes, in the microbe/ruminant symbiotic relationship, to depolymerize the target polysaccharides. We further provide insights to how a rational and more efficient assembly of rumen microbial enzymes can be reconstituted for lignocellulose degradation. We conclude by expounding on how gains in this area can impact the sustainability of both animal agriculture and the energy sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"343-369"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}