M Niu, U Arshad, M Z Islam, M A Barrientos-Blanco, E Slack, S Giannoukos, R Zenobi
{"title":"Breathprints of the Barn: The Future of Livestock Research and Monitoring with Exhalomics.","authors":"M Niu, U Arshad, M Z Islam, M A Barrientos-Blanco, E Slack, S Giannoukos, R Zenobi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-085944","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-085944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livestock farming faces increasing demands for sustainability and improved animal welfare. Noninvasive approaches for monitoring animal health and physiology are of growing interest. Exhaled breath analysis, or exhalomics, has emerged as a promising tool for detecting volatile organic compounds and gases associated with metabolism, disease states, physiological processes, and microbiome in livestock. This review synthesizes current advancements in breath sampling and analytical technologies and evaluates applications in disease diagnostics, nutritional assessment, and physiological and microbial profiling across livestock species. Although progress is evident, key challenges remain, including sampling variability, incomplete metabolite annotation, and limited scalability for field use. Future efforts should prioritize standardizing protocols; expanding livestock-specific spectral libraries; and developing affordable, real-time sensors for on-farm deployment. Integrating exhalomics with multi-omics and artificial intelligence-driven analytics holds potential to enable earlier disease detection, improve production efficiency, and reduce environmental impacts, ultimately advancing precision livestock farming and animal welfare over the coming decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"273-295"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blastoids for Modeling Early Embryonic Development: Application to Domestic Livestock.","authors":"Hao Ming, Jun Wu, Zongliang Jiang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102012","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in technologies that replicate specific aspects of embryogenesis in vitro by using stem cells have opened new frontiers in our understanding of the earliest steps of mammalian development and creation of promising novel assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). We begin by summarizing the widely used ARTs in improving animal reproduction. We then explore current progress in deriving embryo-based stem cells from livestock species and highlight the latest breakthroughs in blastoid generation. Furthermore, we examine the potential applications of blastoids in domestic livestock and discuss key challenges and future directions for advancing blastoid models that closely mimic natural embryonic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"161-180"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuo Liao, Yigit Koray Babal, Sebastian A Lewandowski
{"title":"Mammalian Models of Adult Tissue Regeneration.","authors":"Kuo Liao, Yigit Koray Babal, Sebastian A Lewandowski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-071428","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-071428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult tissue regeneration is a rare phenomenon in mammals. Most mammals heal tissue through scarring, which quickly seals the wound and helps prevent blood loss and infection, but this comes at the cost of poor tissue regeneration. Regeneration is typically studied in worms, amphibians, or fish, which gives insights into the biology of respective species but provides limited translation for human therapies. However, several mammals develop adaptations, typically favored by natural selection pressures, to regenerate a specialized tissue (e.g., antlers in deer or skin in bats) or a systemically reduced scar formation that allows multiple tissues to restore their function (e.g., African spiny mice). In this review, we aim to summarize the examples of mammals that regenerate tissues and discuss potential cellular mechanisms that allow their regeneration. The future studies of these exceptional mammals can allow for a greater understanding of mammalian complexity and provide insights for future therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"297-317"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alistair M Senior, David Raubenheimer, David G Le Couteur, Stephen J Simpson
{"title":"The Geometric Framework for Nutrition and Its Application to Rodent Models.","authors":"Alistair M Senior, David Raubenheimer, David G Le Couteur, Stephen J Simpson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodents have been the primary model for mammalian nutritional physiology for decades. Despite an extensive body of literature, controversies remain around the effects of specific nutrients and total energy intake on several aspects of nutritional biology, even in this well-studied model. One approach that is helping to bring clarity to the field is the geometric framework for nutrition (GFN). The GFN is a multidimensional paradigm that can be used to conceptualize nutrition and nutritional effects, design experiments, and interpret results. To date, more than 30 publications have applied the GFN to data from rodent models of nutrition. Here we review the major conclusions from these studies. We pay particular attention to the effects of macronutrients on satiety, glucose metabolism, lifespan and the biology of aging, reproductive function, immune function, and the microbiome. We finish by highlighting several knowledge gaps that became evident upon reviewing this literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"389-410"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Troy L Ott, Ahmed Tibary, Muhammad Waqas, Rodney Geisert, Julio Giordano
{"title":"Pregnancy Establishment and Diagnosis in Livestock.","authors":"Troy L Ott, Ahmed Tibary, Muhammad Waqas, Rodney Geisert, Julio Giordano","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-032214","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-032214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comprehensive review explores the complex processes of reproduction, pregnancy establishment, and pregnancy diagnostic methods in cattle, sheep, goats, swine, horses, and camelids. It provides an overview of the history of pregnancy detection and an in-depth exploration of the physiology of pregnancy in livestock. The detection of conceptus tissue and fluids, conceptus-produced hormones, and maternal responses to conceptus signals, crucial for pregnancy diagnosis, are also discussed in detail, as are emerging methods for pregnancy diagnosis in livestock species. Overall, this review emphasizes the direct impact of pregnancy diagnosis and efficient pregnancy management for profitability of livestock enterprises.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"211-232"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of 3D Chromatin Folding.","authors":"Lucía Álvarez-González, Aurora Ruiz-Herrera","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102233","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies examining the evolution of genomes have focused mainly on sequence conservation. However, the inner working of a cell implies tightly regulated crosstalk between complex gene networks controlled by small dispersed regulatory elements of physically contacting DNA regions. How these different levels of chromatin organization crosstalk in different species underpins the potential for genome evolutionary plasticity. We review the evolution of chromatin organization across the Animal Tree of Life. We introduce general aspects of the mode and tempo of genome evolution to later explore the multiple layers of genome organization. We argue that both genome and chromosome size modulate patterns of chromatin folding and that chromatin interactions facilitate the formation of lineage-specific chromosomal reorganizations, especially in germ cells. Overall, analyzing the mechanistic forces involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure and function of the germ line is critical for understanding genome evolution, maintenance, and inheritance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"49-71"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenwei Cui, Yunlong Dong, Jonathan Sholl, Jiqi Lu, David Raubenheimer
{"title":"The Rhesus Macaque as an Animal Model for Human Nutrition: An Ecological-Evolutionary Perspective.","authors":"Zhenwei Cui, Yunlong Dong, Jonathan Sholl, Jiqi Lu, David Raubenheimer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102354","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrition is a complex and contested area in biomedicine, which requires diverse evidence sources. Nonhuman primate models are considered an important biomedical research tool because of their biological similarities to humans, but they are typically used with little explicit consideration of their ecology and evolution. Using the rhesus macaque (RM), we consider the potential of nutritional ecology for enriching the use of primates as models for human nutrition. We introduce some relevant aspects of RM evolutionary and social ecology and discuss two examples where they have been used in biomedical research: obesity and aging. We next consider how insights from nutritional ecology can help inform and direct the use of RM as a biomedical model. We conclude by illustrating how conceptual tools might inform the use of RM as a model for human nutrition and extracting insights from RM that might be relevant to broader theoretical considerations around animal model systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"441-464"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Harris Lewin, R Michael Roberts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-av-13-121824-100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-av-13-121824-100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lobna Elkhadragy, Ron C Gaba, Matthew M Niemeyer, Lawrence B Schook, Kyle M Schachtschneider
{"title":"Translational Relevance and Future Integration of the Oncopig Cancer Model in Preclinical Applications.","authors":"Lobna Elkhadragy, Ron C Gaba, Matthew M Niemeyer, Lawrence B Schook, Kyle M Schachtschneider","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102125","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine cancer models offer a valuable platform for evaluating interventions such as devices, surgeries, and locoregional therapies, which are often challenging to test in mouse models. In addition to size and anatomical similarities with humans, pigs share greater similarities in genetics, immunity, drug metabolism, and metabolic rate with humans as compared to mouse models, increasing their translational relevance. This review focuses on the Oncopig Cancer Model, a genetically engineered porcine model designed to recapitulate human cancer. Harboring a transgenic cassette that expresses oncogenic mutant <i>KRAS</i> and <i>TP53</i> under control of a Cre-Lox system, the Oncopig allows temporal and spatial control of tumor induction. Its versatility has enabled the development of diverse cancer models including liver, pancreatic, lung, and bladder cancer. Serving as a clinically relevant model for human cancer, the Oncopig addresses unmet clinical needs and holds immense promise for advancing preclinical cancer research and therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"465-481"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camilla M Whittington, Mitchell J Hodgson, Christopher R Friesen
{"title":"Convergent Evolution of Pregnancy in Vertebrates.","authors":"Camilla M Whittington, Mitchell J Hodgson, Christopher R Friesen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102029","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viviparity (live birth) represents a significant evolutionary innovation that has emerged in hundreds of lineages of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. The evolution of this trait from the ancestral state of egg laying has involved complex morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic changes, which enable internal development of embryos within the female reproductive tract. Comparable changes have also occurred in oviparous, brooding species that carry developing embryos in locations other than the female reproductive tract. This review explores the taxonomic distribution of vertebrate viviparity and brooding (collectively termed pregnancy), discusses the adaptations associated with internal incubation, and examines hypotheses surrounding the evolution of pregnancy in different lineages. Understanding the mechanisms that have led to the emergence of this trait can illuminate questions about the evolution of reproductive complexity and the processes that led to the emergence of evolutionary innovations that have shaped the remarkable diversity of Earth's fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"189-209"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}