Ben Meulders, Waleed F A Marei, Lien Loier, Jo L M R Leroy
{"title":"Lipotoxicity and Oocyte Quality in Mammals: Pathogenesis, Consequences, and Reversibility.","authors":"Ben Meulders, Waleed F A Marei, Lien Loier, Jo L M R Leroy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic stress conditions are often characterized by upregulated lipolysis and subsequently increased serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, leading to the uptake of FFAs by non-adipose tissues and impairment of their function. This phenomenon is known as lipotoxicity. The increased serum FFA concentrations are reflected in the ovarian follicular fluid, which can have harmful effects on oocyte development. Several studies using in vitro and in vivo mammalian models showed that altered oocyte metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial mechanisms underlying this detrimental impact. Ultimately, this can impair offspring health through the persistence of defective mitochondria in the embryo, hampering epigenetic reprogramming and early development. In vitro and in vivo treatments to enhance oocyte mitochondrial function are increasingly being developed. This can help to improve pregnancy rates and safeguard offspring health in metabolically compromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Genomics and Epigenomics of Transcriptional Regulation.","authors":"Huaijun Zhou, Emily Clark, Dailu Guan, Sandrine Lagarrigue, Lingzhao Fang, Hao Cheng, Christopher K Tuggle, Muskan Kapoor, Ying Wang, Elisabetta Giuffra, Giorgia Egidy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcriptional regulation in response to diverse physiological cues involves complicated biological processes. Recent initiatives that leverage whole genome sequencing and annotation of regulatory elements significantly contribute to our understanding of transcriptional gene regulation. Advances in the data sets available for comparative genomics and epigenomics can identify evolutionarily constrained regulatory variants and shed light on noncoding elements that influence transcription in different tissues and developmental stages across species. Most epigenomic data, however, are generated from healthy subjects at specific developmental stages. To bridge the genotype-phenotype gap, future research should focus on generating multidimensional epigenomic data under diverse physiological conditions. Farm animal species offer advantages in terms of feasibility, cost, and experimental design for such integrative analyses in comparison to humans. Deep learning modeling and cutting-edge technologies in sequencing and functional screening and validation also provide great promise for better understanding transcriptional regulation in this dynamic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenwei Cui, Yunlong Dong, Jonathan Sholl, Jiqi Lu, David Raubenheimer
{"title":"The Rhesus Macaque as an Animal Model for Human Nutrition: An Ecological-Evolutionary Perspective.","authors":"Zhenwei Cui, Yunlong Dong, Jonathan Sholl, Jiqi Lu, David Raubenheimer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102354","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrition is a complex and contested area in biomedicine, which requires diverse evidence sources. Nonhuman primate models are considered an important biomedical research tool because of their biological similarities to humans, but they are typically used with little explicit consideration of their ecology and evolution. Using the rhesus macaque (RM), we consider the potential of nutritional ecology for enriching the use of primates as models for human nutrition. We introduce some relevant aspects of RM evolutionary and social ecology and discuss two examples where they have been used in biomedical research: obesity and aging. We next consider how insights from nutritional ecology can help inform and direct the use of RM as a biomedical model. We conclude by illustrating how conceptual tools might inform the use of RM as a model for human nutrition and extracting insights from RM that might be relevant to broader theoretical considerations around animal model systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alistair M Senior, David Raubenheimer, David G Le Couteur, Stephen J Simpson
{"title":"The Geometric Framework for Nutrition and Its Application to Rodent Models.","authors":"Alistair M Senior, David Raubenheimer, David G Le Couteur, Stephen J Simpson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodents have been the primary model for mammalian nutritional physiology for decades. Despite an extensive body of literature, controversies remain around the effects of specific nutrients and total energy intake on several aspects of nutritional biology, even in this well-studied model. One approach that is helping to bring clarity to the field is the geometric framework for nutrition (GFN). The GFN is a multidimensional paradigm that can be used to conceptualize nutrition and nutritional effects, design experiments, and interpret results. To date, more than 30 publications have applied the GFN to data from rodent models of nutrition. Here we review the major conclusions from these studies. We pay particular attention to the effects of macronutrients on satiety, glucose metabolism, lifespan and the biology of aging, reproductive function, immune function, and the microbiome. We finish by highlighting several knowledge gaps that became evident upon reviewing this literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camilla M Whittington, Mitchell J Hodgson, Christopher R Friesen
{"title":"Convergent Evolution of Pregnancy in Vertebrates.","authors":"Camilla M Whittington, Mitchell J Hodgson, Christopher R Friesen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viviparity (live birth) represents a significant evolutionary innovation that has emerged in hundreds of lineages of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. The evolution of this trait from the ancestral state of egg laying has involved complex morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic changes, which enable internal development of embryos within the female reproductive tract. Comparable changes have also occurred in oviparous, brooding species that carry developing embryos in locations other than the female reproductive tract. This review explores the taxonomic distribution of vertebrate viviparity and brooding (collectively termed pregnancy), discusses the adaptations associated with internal incubation, and examines hypotheses surrounding the evolution of pregnancy in different lineages. Understanding the mechanisms that have led to the emergence of this trait can illuminate questions about the evolution of reproductive complexity and the processes that led to the emergence of evolutionary innovations that have shaped the remarkable diversity of Earth's fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Passion for Small Things and Staying Primed: My Career in Virology and Immunology.","authors":"Linda J Saif","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A love of science and animals, perseverance, and happenstance propelled my career in veterinary virology and immunology. I have focused on deadly enteric and respiratory viral infections in neonatal livestock and humans with an aim to understand their prevalence, pathogenesis, interspecies transmission, and immunity and develop vaccines. Research on animal coronaviruses (CoVs), including their broad interspecies transmission, provided a foundation to understand emerging zoonotic fatal human respiratory CoVs [severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] and reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 to animals. A highlight of my early research was the discovery of the gut-mammary gland-sIgA axis, documenting a common mucosal immune system. The latter remains pivotal to designing maternal vaccines for passive immunity in neonates. Our discovery and innovative cell propagation of fastidious human and animal rotaviruses and caliciviruses and their infectivity in germ-free animals has provided cell-adapted and animal disease models for ongoing virologic and immunologic investigations and vaccines. Nevertheless, besides the research discoveries, my lasting legacy remains the outstanding mentees who have enriched my science and my life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer K Lane, Terra Kelly, Brian Bird, Erika Chenais, Annette Roug, Gema Vidal, Rodrigo Gallardo, Huaijun Zhou, Grace VanHoy, Woutrina Smith
{"title":"A One Health Approach to Reducing Livestock Disease Prevalence in Developing Countries: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects.","authors":"Jennifer K Lane, Terra Kelly, Brian Bird, Erika Chenais, Annette Roug, Gema Vidal, Rodrigo Gallardo, Huaijun Zhou, Grace VanHoy, Woutrina Smith","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Challenges in livestock production in developing countries are often linked to a high disease prevalence and may be related to poor husbandry, feeding, and nutrition practices, as well as to inadequate access to preventive veterinary care. Structural barriers including chronic poverty, gender roles, inadequate supply chains, and limitations in surveillance infrastructure further complicate progress. Despite many challenges, the livestock sector substantially contributes to agricultural GDP, and reducing livestock disease prevalence is a goal for many countries. One Health initiatives that work across disciplines and sectors to reduce livestock diseases are underway around the world and use integrated approaches that consider the connections between humans, animals, and their shared environments. The growing recognition of the role livestock play in sustainability and livelihoods, as well as their involvement in zoonotic disease transmission and global health security, has highlighted the need for disease reduction strategies as described in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Innovations Shaping Beak Morphology in Birds.","authors":"Yalin Cheng, Matthew J Miller, Fumin Lei","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-074906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-074906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The beak, a pivotal evolutionary trait characterized by high morphological diversity and plasticity, has enabled birds to survive mass extinction events and subsequently radiate into diverse ecological niches worldwide. This remarkable ecological adaptability underscores the importance of uncovering the molecular mechanisms shaping avian beak morphology, particularly benefiting from the rapidly advancing archives of genomics and epigenomics. We review the latest advancements in understanding how genetic and epigenetic innovations control or regulate beak development and drive beak morphological adaptation and diversification over the past two decades. We conclude with several recommendations for future endeavors, expanding to more bird lineages, with a focus on beak shape and the lower beak, and conducting functional experiments. By directing research efforts toward these aspects and integrating advanced omics techniques, the complex molecular mechanisms involved in avian beak evolution and morphogenesis will be deeply interpreted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen A Beauchemin, Ermias Kebreab, Michelle Cain, Michael J VandeHaar
{"title":"The Path to Net-Zero in Dairy Production: Are Pronounced Decreases in Enteric Methane Achievable?","authors":"Karen A Beauchemin, Ermias Kebreab, Michelle Cain, Michael J VandeHaar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-010324-113703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-010324-113703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dairy production will require >50% reduction in enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions together with elimination of emissions from feed production, additional carbon sequestration, reduction in manure emissions, anaerobic digestion of manure, and decreased reliance on fossil fuel energy. Over past decades, improved production efficiency has reduced GHG intensity of milk production (i.e., emissions per unit of milk) in the United States, but this trend will continue only if cows are bred for increased efficiency. Genetic selection of low-CH<sub>4</sub>-producing animals, diet reformulation, use of feed additives, and vaccination show tremendous potential for enteric CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation; however, few mitigation strategies are currently available, and added cost without increased revenue is a major barrier to implementation. Complete elimination of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from dairying is likely not possible without negatively affecting milk production; thus, offsets and removals of other GHGs will be needed to achieve net-zero milk production.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Cann, Yanfen Cheng, Manal A B Alhawsawi, Mallory Moran, Yuqi Li, Tian Gong, Weiyun Zhu, Roderick I Mackie
{"title":"Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production.","authors":"Isaac Cann, Yanfen Cheng, Manal A B Alhawsawi, Mallory Moran, Yuqi Li, Tian Gong, Weiyun Zhu, Roderick I Mackie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Second-generation biofuel production, which aims to convert lignocellulose to liquid transportation fuels, could be transformative in worldwide energy portfolios. A bottleneck impeding its large-scale deployment is conversion of the target polysaccharides in lignocellulose to their unit sugars for microbial fermentation to the desired fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the two major polysaccharides in lignocellulose, are complex in nature, and their interactions with pectin and lignin further increase their recalcitrance to depolymerization. This review focuses on the intricate linkages present in the feedstocks of interest and examines the potential of the enzymes evolved by microbes, in the microbe/ruminant symbiotic relationship, to depolymerize the target polysaccharides. We further provide insights to how a rational and more efficient assembly of rumen microbial enzymes can be reconstituted for lignocellulose degradation. We conclude by expounding on how gains in this area can impact the sustainability of both animal agriculture and the energy sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}