Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"Land use change, fragmentation, and sea level rise create escalating viability concerns for an imperiled salamander","authors":"Leyna R. Stemle,&nbsp;David Laabs,&nbsp;Christopher A. Searcy","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many organisms with complex life cycles rely on both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to survive, which increases their susceptibility to habitat fragmentation as they require access to sufficient amounts of both habitat types as well as connectivity between them. Amphibian species are often very susceptible to these anthropogenic disturbances and are declining across the globe. We conducted the first range-wide geospatial analysis for the federally endangered Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (SCLTS; <i>Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum</i>) to address the impacts of land use change and habitat fragmentation as barriers to recovery. First, we used data from an extensive drift fence array to determine the mean, 95%, and 99% migration distances of SCLTS. We then used these calculated distances to determine the amount of suitable and accessible upland habitat around all current breeding ponds as well as those being considered as potential release sites. Land use changes (especially urban and agricultural development) have reduced the amount of suitable upland habitat within migration distance of SCLTS breeding ponds by 35.5% across the range. Habitat fragmentation due to roads has further reduced uplands both suitable and accessible to SCLTS by another 11.8%, and sea level rise projected by 2100 reduces it another 16.2%, leaving only 36.5% of potential terrestrial habitat suitable, accessible, and unflooded. This result raises substantial concerns about the long-term viability of the majority of SCLTS populations. This range-wide assessment also provides guidance on which breeding populations should be targeted for land use restoration and experimental road crossing structures and which potential breeding sites should be prioritized for release of captive-bred animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hurricanes lead to declines in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional richness and shifts in moth community composition","authors":"Aura M. Alonso-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Pablo E. Gutiérrez-Fonseca,&nbsp;Ingi Agnarsson,&nbsp;Catherine M. Hulshof,&nbsp;Scott E. Miller,&nbsp;Taylor H. Ricketts","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disturbances play a central role in shaping biodiversity, influencing both community structure and ecosystem function. The responses of biodiversity to disturbance are inherently multidimensional, often leading to shifts in taxonomic composition, functional traits, and evolutionary dynamics within biological communities. Unraveling these dimensions offers valuable insights into ecosystem resilience and how communities adapt under changing disturbance regimes. This study examines the immediate effects of large-scale hurricane disturbance on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions of moth biodiversity in a tropical forest. We conducted monthly moth surveys in two forest types within the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, 5 months before and 6 months after Hurricanes Irma and María (September 2017). We collected 6152 individuals from 244 species across 19 families, performed DNA barcoding for phylogenetic analysis, and classified them by functional traits such as body size, coloration, and proboscis presence. Our findings show that hurricane disturbance reduced species richness across all diversity dimensions, while functional diversity among dominant species increased, suggesting potential stabilization of ecosystem functions despite reduced richness. In addition, the hurricanes altered both taxonomic and phylogenetic composition, with smaller grass-feeding species increasing in abundance post-hurricane, while larger arboreal-feeding species, especially geometrid moths, declined markedly. These shifts highlight potential effects on trophic interactions, given moths' key roles as herbivores, pollinators, and prey. Although these systems have evolved under repeated hurricane disturbances, the long-term consequences of a changing climate remain uncertain, particularly as more frequent and severe hurricanes may reset successional pathways and hinder forest recovery. By integrating multiple dimensions of biodiversity, our study provides a more holistic understanding of the complex consequences of hurricanes on insect communities and can inform conservation strategies aimed at enhancing ecosystem resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild Burmese python nest site selection, thermogenesis, and brooding behaviors in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem","authors":"Andrea F. Currylow,&nbsp;Lisa M. McBride,&nbsp;Gretchen E. Anderson,&nbsp;Jacquelyn C. Guzy,&nbsp;Matthew F. McCollister,&nbsp;Christina M. Romagosa,&nbsp;Kristen M. Hart,&nbsp;Amy A. Yackel Adams","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive Burmese pythons (<i>Python bivittatus</i>) are extremely cryptic animals. Although their conservation status in their native range is Vulnerable, in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem (Florida, USA) they have become a dominant destructive force and usually are immediately removed whenever found. This poses a paradox where removals are occurring, yet the study and understanding of python ecology is needed to inform removal methods. An important component of life history includes the nesting season, but little is known about python nest site selection, nest brooding, thermogenesis, or hatching success in the wild. Here, we present the first complete and most detailed report of oviposition and brooding for this biologically significant time period of a female Burmese python. We describe anthropogenic nest site selection, document the extent of shivering thermogenesis, describe brooding behaviors, and provide photo-documentation of complete hatching of the largest python clutch on record.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seedling passage times in gaps and closed canopies reveal decades of understory persistence in a New England forest","authors":"Isabella Stone,&nbsp;Jeffrey Mintz,&nbsp;Claudia J. Garnica-Díaz,&nbsp;Chia-Hao Chang-Yang,&nbsp;David A. Orwig,&nbsp;Audrey A. Barker Plotkin,&nbsp;April Zee,&nbsp;Raelene M. Crandall,&nbsp;Daniel J. Johnson,&nbsp;Lukas J. Magee","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The duration of tree seedling persistence in the understory varies greatly between forests and across environmental conditions within a forest ecosystem. To examine species-level variation in understory persistence and passage to the sapling life stage, we followed 5236 seedlings in single-tree canopy gaps and closed canopy conditions over three years and simulated seedling passage times and the number of seedlings required to produce one 1.5-m tall sapling of five common tree species in a hemlock–hardwood forest of Massachusetts, USA. Averaged across species, it took 26 years in gaps and 31 years under closed canopies to go from a first-year seedling to a 1.5-m sapling. Across species, the average number of seedlings needed for one sapling was 294 in gaps and 2674 in closed canopy environments. We observed high interspecific variation in passage times and number required for one sapling. <i>Betula</i> congeners and <i>Pinus strobus</i> took less time and significantly fewer individuals than <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>, which are generally regarded as more tolerant of understory conditions. The largest intraspecific difference in gaps versus closed canopy environments was for <i>Quercus rubra</i>, where we estimated the number of seedlings required to produce one sapling in closed canopies to be 172 times higher than in gaps. Stem breakage also increased the number of seedlings needed per sapling, especially in closed canopy environments. We evaluated our estimates in the lab by aging cross-sections obtained from seedlings in gap and closed canopy conditions. Compared to our empirical age-to-height relationships, most simulations tended to underpredict seedling age for a given height, suggesting that passage times may be even longer than our simulations indicated. Our study shows that trees can persist for decades in the seedling life stage, highlighting a need for better-parameterized recruitment processes in demographic forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxalate content of vegetation and termite frass in western South Africa","authors":"T. Nel,&nbsp;C. E. Clarke,&nbsp;M. L. Francis,&nbsp;D. Babenko,&nbsp;D. Breecker,&nbsp;D. A. Cowan,&nbsp;T. Gallagher,&nbsp;J. R. McAuliffe,&nbsp;M. Trindade","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxalate salts in organic matter are potential substrates for the oxalate-carbonate pathway, which can sequester carbon in drylands. We compared calcium oxalate (CaOx) and water-soluble oxalate (SOx) concentrations of samples of vegetation and termite excrement (frass) collected from termite mounds in sites across a regional rainfall gradient in western South Africa. We developed mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic models to quantify oxalate components in vegetation extracts (<i>n</i> = 30) and frass samples (<i>n</i> = 39). The MIR spectroscopic method was more efficient than chemical analytical techniques of oxalate measurement. The median CaOx concentration of plants (0.311 mmol g⁻¹) was four times greater than frass (0.081 mmol g⁻¹), which may be explained by degradation of oxalates by microorganisms or selective harvesting of low-oxalate vegetation by termites. The mean CaOx content of frass from sites in mesic regions (0.042 mmol g⁻¹) was lower relative to frass from sites in more arid regions (0.156 mmol g⁻¹), and lower in termite mounds (0.048 mmol g⁻¹) compared with off-mound samples (0.131 mmol g⁻¹). Frass collected from sites with higher rainfall had a lower mean SOx content (0.006 mmol g⁻¹, respectively) compared with frass from sites with lower rainfall (0.013 mmol g⁻¹, respectively). This may be attributed to faster degradation of CaOx in soils with greater moisture content. Estimated annual inputs of carbon (17.6 kg mound⁻¹) and calcium (2.55 kg mound⁻¹, 20% of which occurs as CaOx) due to termite frass deposition may be instrumental in the formation of calcite via the oxalate-carbonate pathway in soils of earthen mounds occupied by termites. This work is relevant to modeling carbon storage in drylands where termites are significant consumers of vegetation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) oviposition preference on native milkweeds (Asclepias) of the northern Great Plains","authors":"Grace Damiano,&nbsp;Lora Perkins","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milkweed (<i>Asclepias</i> ssp.) has faced population declines in the Northern Great Plains for several decades due primarily to agricultural conversion. Monarch butterflies (<i>Danaus plexippus</i>), which rely on milkweed as the host plant for their larva, have also declined in population throughout the past several decades in North America. Amidst ongoing efforts to protect the monarch butterfly by restoring milkweed populations, the relationship and preferences that monarchs may have for specific milkweed must be better understood. The objective of this study was to investigate monarch oviposition preferences on 18 species of milkweed native to the Northern Great Plains. In a common garden plot, 18 species of milkweed were planted in a randomized block design and assessed throughout the growing season for the presence of monarch eggs and larva. Additional data were collected on plant morphological characteristics to examine whether ovipositing monarchs preferred certain traits over others. The total number of eggs and larva found on plants within each species were used as response variables to determine monarch oviposition preference between species. Monarchs laid the most eggs on <i>Asclepias incarnata</i> throughout all three years of data collection, followed by <i>Asclepias syriaca</i>, <i>Asclepias speciosa</i>, and <i>Asclepias sullivantii</i> in 2022 and <i>A. syriaca</i>, <i>A. sullivantii</i>, and <i>Asclepias subverticillata</i> in 2023. Oviposition did not necessarily correlate to larval presence, suggesting higher survival rates on some species than others, such as <i>A. subverticillata</i>, which may serve as an ecological trap for monarchs, and <i>A. sullivantii</i>, which had a higher ratio of larvae to eggs, suggesting better chances of survival. Our site did not provide ideal conditions for every species of milkweed in this study, so species such as <i>Asclepias exaltata</i> may be more appealing to monarchs in different locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrients are drivers of abundance, richness, and composition of soil insect communities in tropical rainforests","authors":"Miquel Ferrín,&nbsp;Dolores Asensio,&nbsp;Albert Gargallo-Garriga,&nbsp;Oriol Grau,&nbsp;Joan Llusià,&nbsp;Laura Màrquez,&nbsp;Jérôme Murienne,&nbsp;Romà Ogaya,&nbsp;Jérôme Orivel,&nbsp;Jordi Sardans,&nbsp;Ivan A. Janssens,&nbsp;Josep Peñuelas,&nbsp;Guille Peguero","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Communities of soil insects in tropical rainforests are among the richest and most complex, but the mechanisms structuring them remain mostly unknown. Identifying whether nutrient availability plays a relevant role in the assembly of these communities poses several challenges due to the diverse nutritional requirements of insects. We investigated the importance of nutrient availability accounting for the abundance, richness, and composition of soil insect communities in tropical rainforests. We sampled soil insects in 72 1-m² sampling points at two sites in French Guiana, counted all specimens, and characterized each assemblage using DNA metabarcoding. We then determined the importance of nutrient availability by measuring 19 nutrient concentrations and collected 18,000 specimens from 2634 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Despite an extraordinary diversity and spatial heterogeneity, the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and magnesium positively correlated with either the abundance or the richness of the communities. These micronutrients were also important predictors of the composition of the assemblages. However, we found different relationships when analyzing the data separately for Blattodea, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera, the most abundant insect orders with the most OTUs. Our results demonstrated that the availability of micronutrients played a large role in species selection during the assembly of the soil insect communities in these tropical rainforests, in contrast to the null impact of macronutrients. By accounting for the response at lower taxonomic levels, we argue that part of the unexplained variance might arise from contrastingly different responses to micronutrient availability among the most diverse orders. The high unexplained variance, however, also suggests that processes such as stochastic population drift and biotic interactions likely play complementary roles in structuring insect communities in the soils of tropical rainforests.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do water–energy dynamics drive plant species richness patterns on the high alpine Tibetan plateau?","authors":"Prakash Bhattarai,&nbsp;Ole R. Vetaas,&nbsp;Guang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70285","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge on the spatial distribution of plant species richness and its associated factors is crucial for addressing several ecological problems. Climate factors have long been used to explain species richness patterns across space and time. In this study, we investigated how water and energy variables shape species richness patterns on the alpine Tibetan plateau. An empirical study involving 800 plots of size 1 m² on 80 different sites was conducted across two transects, covering the arid and semi-arid alpine region of the western part of the Tibetan plateau to explore plant species composition and richness in relation to climatic factors at a regional scale. We performed detrended correspondence analysis and generalized linear models to explore the effect of energy and water variables on species composition and species richness, respectively. We used a generalized linear mixed model to investigate the interactive effect of energy variables and water variables on species richness. We found that both energy variables and water variables significantly influenced species richness and composition on the alpine Tibetan plateau and supported the water–energy dynamics (WED) hypothesis. Specificall, plant species richness increased with greater liquid water availability. However, it exhibited a unimodal relationship with potential evapotranspiration. Our results also showed that precipitation played a more substantial role in the model than potential evapotranspiration, but their interaction strengthened the model. In conclusion, this study highlights the dominant role of precipitation in explaining species composition and richness patterns on the alpine Tibetan plateau and suggests conducting research on additional environmental factors affecting water availability in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revelation of native vegetation succession on tropical coral island ecological restoration","authors":"Zhiyuan Shi,&nbsp;Jianting Cao,&nbsp;Ziyi Wang,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Shasha Niu,&nbsp;Wenqing Wang","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropical coral island vegetation poses formidable challenges, particularly in elucidating the determinants of vegetation species richness. In response, our study compared the differences in plant species biodiversity and soil physicochemical properties on seven adjacent coral islands at different stages of vegetation succession, from bare land to 100% vegetation coverage in the South China Sea, all of which were less than 0.3 km². Contrary to the established island ecological theories, our results indicated that soil nutrients significantly govern the species diversity of tropical coral islands. However, the timing of soil development, island area, distance from larger islands, and island altitude were not significantly correlated. Cluster analysis showed that the diverse islands of Qilianyu Island (Seven Sisters) represent distinct stages of tropical coral island succession: pioneer vegetation, shrub and grass communities, and coral island forest vegetation. As island vegetation underwent succession, plant species increased from 6 to 57, and organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus content significantly increased, accompanied by increasing salinity and decreasing pH. Our findings revealed a nested structure in the vegetation of tropical coral islands, primarily dominated by environmental filtering on a small scale, at least on Qilianyu Island. This indicates that the restoration of damaged island vegetation can begin with soil rehabilitation. We contend that improving soil nutrient conditions and development status contribute to the establishment of island vegetation, with careful consideration of interspecific combinations that expedite the restoration process on tropical coral islands. This study addresses the lack of clarity surrounding the determinants of vegetation species richness on tropical coral islands, thus providing a novel perspective grounded in soil nutrient-driven succession.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupancy of roe deer, water deer, and wild boar in wind farm-integrated forest ecosystems: A case study in Korea","authors":"Seong-Hyeon Kim,&nbsp;Thakur Dhakal,&nbsp;Ki Hwan Cho,&nbsp;Tae-Su Kim,&nbsp;Seung-Hyeon Woo,&nbsp;Jun-Young Kim,&nbsp;Do-Hun Lee,&nbsp;Gab-Sue Jang","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the impact of anthropogenic structures on wildlife is essential for balancing ecosystem services. This study explored the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances, particularly wind farms, on South Korean Forest ecosystems using spatial occupancy models and camera trap survey data. We examined the occupancy probability of mammals (roe deer, water deer, and wild boar) around wind farms and identified the influencing factors. The results revealed that roe deer exhibited the highest occupancy probability (0.936), water deer exhibited the lowest (0.503), and wild boar exhibited intermediate values (0.657). For roe deer, the occupancy probability increased with distance from the wind turbine, whereas a high canopy height had a negative impact. Water deer showed a positive correlation with decreasing distance to agricultural land and increasing distance to residential land. Canopy height also contributed positively. Similarly, wild boar displayed a positive association with increased canopy height. Analyzing the impact of wind farm construction time, water deer exhibited a decrease in occupancy probability with more recent construction, whereas wild boars showed the opposite trend. The predicted occupancy probability indicated that roe deer and water deer had the lowest probability near the recently built wind farms, whereas wild boar had the highest probability. The findings of this study contribute to an ecologically informed conservation approach alongside the expansion of wind energy infrastructure. This study serves as a reference for future studies exploring the complex interactions between anthropogenic disturbances and for sustainable wildlife management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}