Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Symptom dimensions of pediatric obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Exploratory examination of associations with clinical features and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy","authors":"Samuel D. Spencer ,&nbsp;Caitlin M. Pinciotti ,&nbsp;Jessica D. Leuchter ,&nbsp;Anna K. Young ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Rast ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Guzick ,&nbsp;Brent J. Small ,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman ,&nbsp;Joseph F. McGuire ,&nbsp;Sabine Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Daniel Geller ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several overarching symptom dimensions have been identified within pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including doubting, obsessing, washing, ordering, neutralizing, and hoarding. These unique symptom presentations may have important clinical implications, especially in terms of potentially distinct associations with age, functional impairment, insight, family accommodation, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Such symptom dimensions may also differ in their responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Existing literature on the features associated with, and the clinical impact of, OCD dimensions has primarily focused on adults and has often employed measures that make standardized categorization of OCD dimensions across studies more challenging. In the present exploratory study, we examined the clinical features and treatment outcomes associated with different OCD symptom dimensions measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Children's Version (OCI-CV) using data from a previously completed clinical trial. A secondary analysis of data collected from 161 primarily White/non-Hispanic youth (<em>M</em>_age = 12.19) enrolled in a randomized control trial of d-cycloserine-augmented CBT with exposure and response prevention revealed differential relations between clinical features and OCD symptom dimensions at baseline, particularly related to doubting symptoms which were associated with all measured clinical features except insight. However, the rate of improvement in OCD symptom severity during CBT did not differ as a function of OCD symptom dimension. The present study provides evidence that youth can benefit from CBT despite differences in clinical features associated with OCD symptom dimensions. Findings suggest that mental health providers can deliver idiographically tailored gold standard CBT flexibly to youth regardless of OCD symptom dimensionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing beyond the diagnostic and statistical manual: A function-centered review of obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders","authors":"Jón Ingi Hlynsson ,&nbsp;Jan Bergström ,&nbsp;Per Carlbring","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified within its own diagnostic category, separate from anxiety disorders, yet clinical practitioners still treat it as an anxiety disorder; both conceptually and therapeutically. This paper examines the rationale for seperating OCD from the anxiety disorders by contrasting cognitive models of anxiety disorders and OCD, and reviewing phenomenological and psychobiological evidence for OCD's distinctiveness. We compare OCD's behavioral functions with those of specific phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and health anxiety disorder. Our review finds no compelling evidence that OCD differs sufficiently from anxiety disorders to warrant its own category. The same functional behaviors are evident in OCD and other anxiety disorders, with the foci of threat being the differentiating factor between disorders (e.g., fear of public speaking vs. fear of contamination in social anxiety and contamination-OCD, respectively). Consequently, we conclude by emphasizing that future research should focus on behavioral function when studying mental disorders, since descriptive similarities may not indicate clinical or functional equivalence. For diagnostic manuals to maintain validity and clinical utility, they must incorporate a functional analytic perspective. Failure to do so may result in inadequate diagnostic categories and stagnant treatment advances (cf. clinical guidelines for OCD have remained unchanged since 2005). While diagnostic manuals are meant to guide treatment selection, descriptive diagnoses need complementary theory-driven case conceptualizations to advance our understanding of maintaining factors and mechanisms of change during treatment. Without this approach, theoretical progress in OCD may stall, ultimately affecting patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity – OCD","authors":"Jeffrey M. Cohen ,&nbsp;Brian A. Feinstein ,&nbsp;Caitlin M. Pinciotti","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive indices of response inhibition within Autogenous and Reactive Obsessions: A brief review","authors":"Zachary T. Gemelli,&nbsp;Henry D. Berger,&nbsp;Han-Joo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogenous and debilitating condition in which roughly half of patients show limited long-term improvement. Improving our understanding on its heterogeneity may help optimize and enhance overall treatment outcomes of OCD. Among various subtyping approaches that currently exist for OCD the Autogenous-Reactive Obsession (AO-RO) subtyping taxonomy has continued to demonstrate high validity with empirical support in clinical and non-clinical samples. Furthermore, growing evidence indicates distinct neurocognitive profiles for AO and RO across studies and neuroimaging modalities within response inhibition indices. Specifically, results demonstrate AO is primarily characterized by deficits in cognitive inhibition, whereas some evidence suggests RO may be primarily characterized by deficits in behavioral inhibition. This article reviews the neurocognitive profiles of AO and RO and discusses the potential clinical utility of understanding their neurocognitive indices in improving treatment outcome for OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale—Second Edition","authors":"Riangga Novrianto ,&nbsp;Christiana L. Ticoalu ,&nbsp;P. Tommy Y.S. Suyasa ,&nbsp;Steffi Hartanto ,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch ,&nbsp;Edo S. Jaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II) is the gold-standard measure of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity, yet no validated Indonesian version exists. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Indonesian Y-BOCS-II in 141 adult outpatients with OCD. The Y-BOCS-II demonstrated excellent internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.90 for Symptom Checklist and <em>ω</em> = 0.94 for Severity Scale), strong inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99), and high temporal stability over two weeks (ICC = 0.90). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed poor fit for both the original obsession/compulsion and alternative interference/control two-factor models. However, three-factor model (Time/Frequency, Resistance/Control, Distress/Interference) demonstrated acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.09, CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.04). The scale demonstrated convergent validity with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Severity Scale, while maintaining discriminant validity from Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7. These findings establish the Indonesian Y-BOCS-II as a reliable and valid measure for assessing OCD symptoms in Indonesian clinical settings and suggest presence of a three-factor conceptualization of OCD symptomatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating disgust in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinician perspectives in a survey study","authors":"Rachel A. Schwartz ,&nbsp;Madeline Hartig ,&nbsp;Martin E. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure plus response prevention (ERP) emphasizes fear-reduction strategies, yet many patients have OCD symptoms driven by emotions other than fear—particularly disgust. Although disgust OCD appears to be associated with worse treatment outcomes, ERP might be modified to enhance fit with disgust-based pathology. It remains unknown how clinicians modify ERP for this presentation in practice and to what effect. In this study, 90 mental health clinicians from diverse professional backgrounds completed an online survey assessing their experiences and perceptions applying ERP with disgust OCD. Participants generally viewed ERP to be effective for disgust OCD. Of 25 tailoring strategies surveyed (derived from the empirical literature and authors’ own clinical experiences), most strategies were used commonly and rated as at least “fairly helpful” for both adults and youth. Among the most frequently used ERP modifications were informal functional assessment, emphasizing tolerating discomfort, designing exposures that elicit disgust, and additional acceptance and mindfulness techniques. Neither ERP nor disgust OCD expertise was related to the total number of tailoring strategies endorsed, the endorsement of any given strategy, or the perceived effectiveness of ERP for disgust; however, expertise was related to the perceived helpfulness of 12 tailoring strategies. In addition, 8 novel ERP tailoring strategies were identified from open-ended response items. Results support the view that ERP can be tailored to treat disgust symptoms and highlight the relevance of evaluative conditioning, inhibitory learning, and cognitive-behavioral interventions traditionally less emphasized in ERP. Findings will inform the development of the first comprehensive protocol for disgust OCD. 249/250 words.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Variability in predictors of mental contamination: A comparison of Turkish and American samples","authors":"Mujgan Inozu ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Myers ,&nbsp;Elif Uzumcu ,&nbsp;Ozlem Ergin-Ayan ,&nbsp;Elif Usta ,&nbsp;Yasemin Erol ,&nbsp;Emily K. Juel ,&nbsp;Joseph B. Friedman ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Abramowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental contamination (MC) involves feelings of dirtiness arising from internal stimuli rather than external stimuli. While cognitive models of contamination fear may apply to MC, its unique features—such as moral elements, diffuse dirtiness, and limited relief after washing—warrant further study. Cross-cultural variability in cognitive factors also remains underexplored. This study examined cognitive factors (i.e., obsessive beliefs, inferential confusion, fear of self, and scrupulosity) in MC among U.S. and Turkish students, aiming to identify shared and distinct processes. A total of 397 U.S. undergraduates and 461 Turkish undergraduates completed self-report questionnaires of MC, other obsessive-compulsive symptom and cognition domains, and general distress. Turkish students reported higher contact contamination, while U.S. students had higher MC. Turkish participants also showed greater Fear of God-related scrupulosity and inferential confusion. Regression analysis revealed that several factors consistently predicted MC across both cultural groups: general distress, contact contamination severity, fear of self, and overestimation of threat. Other predictors varied by culture: inferential confusion and the fear of God were uniquely associated with mental contamination in U.S. students, while fear of sin was a significant predictor only among Turkish students. These findings may reflect differences in cultural context (including prevalent religious doctrine) between U.S. and Turkish cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four questions for clarity: A first investigation of the German version of the OCI-4 as an ultra-brief screening tool for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Celina L. Müller ,&nbsp;Lena Jelinek ,&nbsp;Jakob Fink-Lamotte ,&nbsp;Jakob Scheunemann ,&nbsp;Dean McKay ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Abramowitz ,&nbsp;Amitai Abramovitch ,&nbsp;Barbara Cludius","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that is frequently under- or misdiagnosed in clinical practice, leading to significant delays between symptom onset and accurate diagnosis. To improve the diagnostic process for individuals with OCD, there is an urgent need for screening instruments that are both syndromally valid and reliable. Accordingly, the current study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the German version of the ultra-brief, four-item Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-4).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The psychometric properties of the OCI-4 were investigated in a German-speaking sample composed of 102 participants with OCD, 69 participants with an anxiety-related disorder, and 248 non-clinical individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The OCI-4 showed good test-retest reliability, moderate-to-good construct validity, and good-to-excellent screening accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results support that the German version of the OCI-4 is a valid and reliable screening tool for OCD symptoms with good-to-excellent psychometric properties. The OCI-4 could be established as a screening tool in various settings to identify those with likely OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of ecological momentary assessment methods and designs in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Rui Braga ,&nbsp;Divo Faustino ,&nbsp;Maria João Faria ,&nbsp;Miguel M. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Julian Rubel ,&nbsp;João Tiago Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is becoming an increasingly prevalent methodology in the field of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) research, offering a means of capturing symptom fluctuations in real-time. Although its flexibility allows it to be adapted to a wide range of study objectives, there is currently no comprehensive study of EMA designs in OCD research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search identified 34 studies that employed EMA with patients diagnosed with OCD. Data were extracted on the study objectives, sampling schedules, data collection platforms, response scales, and variables assessed. Items content was subjected to qualitative analysis to categorize the theme assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was considerable variation in the studies’ designs. The mean duration of data collection varied from one to seven days, with an average of four daily assessments. A total of 374 items were extracted, and 12 themes were identified. The most frequent item themes were related to OCD symptoms (49.7 %) and mood/emotions (27 %). The platforms used included digital devices (35.3 %) and traditional pen-and-paper methods (58.8 %). Response rates, reported in only 32.4 % of studies, averaged 74.2 %, while dropout rates averaged 24.8 %. The variability of the methods underlined the adaptability of EMA, but also highlighted standardization challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Item themes related to OCD symptoms and mood were dominant, reflecting the focus of EMA on capturing dynamic processes. Summarising the methodological trends identified in this review provides a foundation for improving design and standardization in future EMA-based OCD research.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div>[CRD42023406887].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the postpartum thoughts and behaviors checklist","authors":"Catherine E. Rast ,&nbsp;Tracey Dibbs ,&nbsp;Caitlin M. Pinciotti ,&nbsp;Nisha Jagannathan ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Abramowitz ,&nbsp;Mary C. Kimmel ,&nbsp;Rashelle Musci ,&nbsp;Gerald Nestadt ,&nbsp;Paul Nestadt ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Osborne ,&nbsp;Jack Samuels ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has an increased prevalence throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period relative to non-peripartum periods. While some obsessive-compulsive symptoms in this period present in the same manner to those in non-postpartum OCD, others are more specific to the postpartum period (e.g., obsessions related to sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS]). However, there are few validated scales assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the postpartum period. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Postpartum Thoughts and Behaviors Checklist (PTBC), a semi-structured interview of intrusive thoughts and repetitive, neutralizing behaviors developed to address this gap. In a sample of 257 women at 6 weeks postpartum, the PTBC demonstrated good internal consistency, criterion validity between individuals with a diagnosis of OCD and those without, and convergent validity with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Additionally, using a LCA approach, the PTBC demonstrated a 3-class structure of the thoughts and the behaviors subscales. Overall, these results provide psychometric evidence that the PTBC is reliable and valid and can be used to assess the prevalence and severity of postpartum obsessions and compulsions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}