Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Symptom dimensions of pediatric obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Exploratory examination of associations with clinical features and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy","authors":"Samuel D. Spencer ,&nbsp;Caitlin M. Pinciotti ,&nbsp;Jessica D. Leuchter ,&nbsp;Anna K. Young ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Rast ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Guzick ,&nbsp;Brent J. Small ,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman ,&nbsp;Joseph F. McGuire ,&nbsp;Sabine Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Daniel Geller ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several overarching symptom dimensions have been identified within pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including doubting, obsessing, washing, ordering, neutralizing, and hoarding. These unique symptom presentations may have important clinical implications, especially in terms of potentially distinct associations with age, functional impairment, insight, family accommodation, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Such symptom dimensions may also differ in their responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Existing literature on the features associated with, and the clinical impact of, OCD dimensions has primarily focused on adults and has often employed measures that make standardized categorization of OCD dimensions across studies more challenging. In the present exploratory study, we examined the clinical features and treatment outcomes associated with different OCD symptom dimensions measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Children's Version (OCI-CV) using data from a previously completed clinical trial. A secondary analysis of data collected from 161 primarily White/non-Hispanic youth (<em>M</em>_age = 12.19) enrolled in a randomized control trial of d-cycloserine-augmented CBT with exposure and response prevention revealed differential relations between clinical features and OCD symptom dimensions at baseline, particularly related to doubting symptoms which were associated with all measured clinical features except insight. However, the rate of improvement in OCD symptom severity during CBT did not differ as a function of OCD symptom dimension. The present study provides evidence that youth can benefit from CBT despite differences in clinical features associated with OCD symptom dimensions. Findings suggest that mental health providers can deliver idiographically tailored gold standard CBT flexibly to youth regardless of OCD symptom dimensionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating disgust in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinician perspectives in a survey study","authors":"Rachel A. Schwartz ,&nbsp;Madeline Hartig ,&nbsp;Martin E. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure plus response prevention (ERP) emphasizes fear-reduction strategies, yet many patients have OCD symptoms driven by emotions other than fear—particularly disgust. Although disgust OCD appears to be associated with worse treatment outcomes, ERP might be modified to enhance fit with disgust-based pathology. It remains unknown how clinicians modify ERP for this presentation in practice and to what effect. In this study, 90 mental health clinicians from diverse professional backgrounds completed an online survey assessing their experiences and perceptions applying ERP with disgust OCD. Participants generally viewed ERP to be effective for disgust OCD. Of 25 tailoring strategies surveyed (derived from the empirical literature and authors’ own clinical experiences), most strategies were used commonly and rated as at least “fairly helpful” for both adults and youth. Among the most frequently used ERP modifications were informal functional assessment, emphasizing tolerating discomfort, designing exposures that elicit disgust, and additional acceptance and mindfulness techniques. Neither ERP nor disgust OCD expertise was related to the total number of tailoring strategies endorsed, the endorsement of any given strategy, or the perceived effectiveness of ERP for disgust; however, expertise was related to the perceived helpfulness of 12 tailoring strategies. In addition, 8 novel ERP tailoring strategies were identified from open-ended response items. Results support the view that ERP can be tailored to treat disgust symptoms and highlight the relevance of evaluative conditioning, inhibitory learning, and cognitive-behavioral interventions traditionally less emphasized in ERP. Findings will inform the development of the first comprehensive protocol for disgust OCD. 249/250 words.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Variability in predictors of mental contamination: A comparison of Turkish and American samples","authors":"Mujgan Inozu ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Myers ,&nbsp;Elif Uzumcu ,&nbsp;Ozlem Ergin-Ayan ,&nbsp;Elif Usta ,&nbsp;Yasemin Erol ,&nbsp;Emily K. Juel ,&nbsp;Joseph B. Friedman ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Abramowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental contamination (MC) involves feelings of dirtiness arising from internal stimuli rather than external stimuli. While cognitive models of contamination fear may apply to MC, its unique features—such as moral elements, diffuse dirtiness, and limited relief after washing—warrant further study. Cross-cultural variability in cognitive factors also remains underexplored. This study examined cognitive factors (i.e., obsessive beliefs, inferential confusion, fear of self, and scrupulosity) in MC among U.S. and Turkish students, aiming to identify shared and distinct processes. A total of 397 U.S. undergraduates and 461 Turkish undergraduates completed self-report questionnaires of MC, other obsessive-compulsive symptom and cognition domains, and general distress. Turkish students reported higher contact contamination, while U.S. students had higher MC. Turkish participants also showed greater Fear of God-related scrupulosity and inferential confusion. Regression analysis revealed that several factors consistently predicted MC across both cultural groups: general distress, contact contamination severity, fear of self, and overestimation of threat. Other predictors varied by culture: inferential confusion and the fear of God were uniquely associated with mental contamination in U.S. students, while fear of sin was a significant predictor only among Turkish students. These findings may reflect differences in cultural context (including prevalent religious doctrine) between U.S. and Turkish cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive indices of response inhibition within Autogenous and Reactive Obsessions: A brief review","authors":"Zachary T. Gemelli,&nbsp;Henry D. Berger,&nbsp;Han-Joo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogenous and debilitating condition in which roughly half of patients show limited long-term improvement. Improving our understanding on its heterogeneity may help optimize and enhance overall treatment outcomes of OCD. Among various subtyping approaches that currently exist for OCD the Autogenous-Reactive Obsession (AO-RO) subtyping taxonomy has continued to demonstrate high validity with empirical support in clinical and non-clinical samples. Furthermore, growing evidence indicates distinct neurocognitive profiles for AO and RO across studies and neuroimaging modalities within response inhibition indices. Specifically, results demonstrate AO is primarily characterized by deficits in cognitive inhibition, whereas some evidence suggests RO may be primarily characterized by deficits in behavioral inhibition. This article reviews the neurocognitive profiles of AO and RO and discusses the potential clinical utility of understanding their neurocognitive indices in improving treatment outcome for OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cognitive intervention for negative beliefs about losing control: impact on other cognitive domains and OCD symptoms","authors":"Andrea Sandstrom,&nbsp;Adam S. Radomsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Beliefs about losing control have been proposed as a novel cognitive domain in OCD. Despite increasing evidence that links these beliefs with OCD symptoms, it is unclear whether interventions targeting beliefs about losing control lead to symptom improvement. This study sought to develop and test the impact of a brief cognitive intervention for beliefs about losing control on OCD-relevant appraisals and symptoms in a sub-clinical OCD sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 35 sub-clinical participants were recruited based on self-reported OCD symptoms and beliefs about losing control, and randomly assigned to receive a 1-h CBT session targeting beliefs about losing control (intervention) or sleep hygiene (control). Beliefs about losing control, and OCD symptom were assessed at baseline and one week after the intervention using self-report questionnaires. Appraisals of losing control and OCD-relevant appraisals were also assessed using daily monitoring forms during the two-week intervention period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant interaction between condition and time on appraisals of losing control and OCD-relevant appraisals measured by the daily monitoring forms, with those in the intervention condition showing greater reductions from baseline to follow-up compared to those in control condition. There were no significant interaction effects on beliefs about losing control or OCD symptoms measured using standardized self-report questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that incorporating strategies targeting beliefs about losing control into CBT for OCD may be warranted, however more time and/or sessions is/are likely required to achieve broader symptom improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing beyond the diagnostic and statistical manual: A function-centered review of obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders","authors":"Jón Ingi Hlynsson ,&nbsp;Jan Bergström ,&nbsp;Per Carlbring","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified within its own diagnostic category, separate from anxiety disorders, yet clinical practitioners still treat it as an anxiety disorder; both conceptually and therapeutically. This paper examines the rationale for seperating OCD from the anxiety disorders by contrasting cognitive models of anxiety disorders and OCD, and reviewing phenomenological and psychobiological evidence for OCD's distinctiveness. We compare OCD's behavioral functions with those of specific phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and health anxiety disorder. Our review finds no compelling evidence that OCD differs sufficiently from anxiety disorders to warrant its own category. The same functional behaviors are evident in OCD and other anxiety disorders, with the foci of threat being the differentiating factor between disorders (e.g., fear of public speaking vs. fear of contamination in social anxiety and contamination-OCD, respectively). Consequently, we conclude by emphasizing that future research should focus on behavioral function when studying mental disorders, since descriptive similarities may not indicate clinical or functional equivalence. For diagnostic manuals to maintain validity and clinical utility, they must incorporate a functional analytic perspective. Failure to do so may result in inadequate diagnostic categories and stagnant treatment advances (cf. clinical guidelines for OCD have remained unchanged since 2005). While diagnostic manuals are meant to guide treatment selection, descriptive diagnoses need complementary theory-driven case conceptualizations to advance our understanding of maintaining factors and mechanisms of change during treatment. Without this approach, theoretical progress in OCD may stall, ultimately affecting patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale—Second Edition","authors":"Riangga Novrianto ,&nbsp;Christiana L. Ticoalu ,&nbsp;P. Tommy Y.S. Suyasa ,&nbsp;Steffi Hartanto ,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch ,&nbsp;Edo S. Jaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II) is the gold-standard measure of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity, yet no validated Indonesian version exists. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Indonesian Y-BOCS-II in 141 adult outpatients with OCD. The Y-BOCS-II demonstrated excellent internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.90 for Symptom Checklist and <em>ω</em> = 0.94 for Severity Scale), strong inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99), and high temporal stability over two weeks (ICC = 0.90). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed poor fit for both the original obsession/compulsion and alternative interference/control two-factor models. However, three-factor model (Time/Frequency, Resistance/Control, Distress/Interference) demonstrated acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.09, CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.04). The scale demonstrated convergent validity with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Severity Scale, while maintaining discriminant validity from Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7. These findings establish the Indonesian Y-BOCS-II as a reliable and valid measure for assessing OCD symptoms in Indonesian clinical settings and suggest presence of a three-factor conceptualization of OCD symptomatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compulsions in trauma-exposed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Differences in prevalence and impact on treatment response","authors":"Caitlin M. Pinciotti ,&nbsp;Gregor Horvath ,&nbsp;Matti Cervin","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of exposure and response prevention (ERP), a front-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is contingent on reducing engagement in compulsions, though recent research has found that certain compulsions may be less amenable to ERP. Given the impact of trauma exposure on OCD compulsions, the present study sought to examine whether compulsion-specific differences in treatment response may be attributable to trauma exposure. Using a sample of 622 patients diagnosed with OCD receiving intensive treatment (39.7 % trauma-exposed), certain compulsions were found to be more prevalent among trauma-exposed patients and differentially impacted treatment effectiveness. Trauma-exposed patients were more likely to engage in reassurance, rumination, and hair pulling, and less likely to engage in self-assurance compulsions compared to non-trauma exposed patients. Interestingly, among trauma-exposed patients, engaging in self-assurance compulsions was associated with better treatment outcomes and engaging in reassurance compulsions was associated with worsened treatment outcomes. Findings converge with trauma-focused treatment approaches, wherein functional self-assurance is not only permitted but encouraged. Although historically any form of assurance in ERP is discouraged, clinicians treating trauma-exposed patients with OCD may consider leveraging engagement in non-compulsive self-assurance to increase self-efficacy and treatment motivation and challenge distorted trauma-related beliefs. Findings highlight the importance of considering with nuance the function of underlying behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of aggressive obsessions in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis","authors":"Olivia C. Bishop ,&nbsp;Brooke Hiscock ,&nbsp;Quinn Morris ,&nbsp;Chelsea Lahey ,&nbsp;Charlotte Corran ,&nbsp;Sandra Krause ,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Fawcett ,&nbsp;Emily J. Fawcett","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) being a recognizable psychiatric disorder, certain presentations of OCD are still highly stigmatized and misidentified by healthcare professionals. Namely, aggressive obsessions, which include ego-dystonic, intrusive thoughts and fears of accidentally or intentionally harming the self or others, are vastly under researched. With current prevalence estimates for aggressive obsessions in pediatric OCD ranging anywhere from 30.8 % to 86 %, the primary aim of the current meta-analysis was to provide the first meta-analytic estimate of the worldwide prevalence of aggressive obsessions among youth with OCD. A secondary goal of this study was to quantify sources of heterogeneity that contribute to the variability in prevalence estimates to date. A systematic review was conducted in Covidence using the following online databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL. Of the 4218 articles imported and screened, 831 received a full-text review, with 27 studies (<em>N</em> = 3428) ultimately coded. Using a random-effects model, the aggregate lifetime prevalence rate of aggressive obsessions was found to be 65.1 % <em>CI</em>_{<em>95 %</em>} [57.3 %, 72.2 %], with prediction intervals ranging from 43.9 % to 81.7 %, and a current prevalence rate of 61.9 % <em>CI</em>_{<em>95 %</em>} [56.4 %, 67.0 %], with prediction intervals ranging from 37.0 % to 81.8 %. The presence of comorbidities and the type of diagnostic measure utilized were found to be significant moderators for current estimates. With over half of youth experiencing aggressive obsessions in their lifetime, continuing education is required for healthcare professionals to be able to identify and properly treat this common, but often overlooked, symptom dimension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity – OCD","authors":"Jeffrey M. Cohen ,&nbsp;Brian A. Feinstein ,&nbsp;Caitlin M. Pinciotti","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}