Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery最新文献

{"title":"Optimized adsorption of methylene blue dye onto bio-based citric acid-modified oleander (Nerium oleander) leaves/chitosan adsorbent using Box-Behnken design approach","authors":"Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed,&nbsp;Rima Heider Al Omari,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Alsayer,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abualhaija,&nbsp;Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06777-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06777-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a novel adsorbent (hereinafter, CHT/OL-CIT) by integrating chitosan and citric acid-modified oleander leaves, demonstrating superior adsorption performance compared to conventional chitosan-based materials. The CHT/OL-CIT adsorbent was used to efficiently absorb organic dye (methylene blue, MB) from aqueous solutions. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the adsorption factors, which include A, CHT/OL-CIT dose (0.02–0.08 g); B, pH (4–10); and C, time (10–40 min). The BBD model’s results demonstrated that the optimal adsorption factors for maximal MB removal (98.52%) were as follows: The CHT/OL-CIT dosage is 0.073 g, with a pH of ~ 10 and a contact time of 10.8 min. The Freundlich and pseudo-first-order models were in accord with the experimental data of MB adsorption by CHT/OL-CIT. The developed biomaterial demonstrated a high capacity to adsorb MB, with an adsorption ability of 378.51 mg/g. The Gibbs free energy change (Δ<i>G</i>°) determines the spontaneity of a process, with negative values confirming favorable adsorption. The enthalpy change (Δ<i>H</i>°) indicates heat exchange, where a positive value (17.745 kJ/mol) signifies endothermic adsorption. The entropy change (Δ<i>S</i>°) measures disorder at the solid-solution interface, with a positive value (0.0804 kJ/mol·K) suggesting increased randomness. The adsorption mechanism of MB on the CHT/OL-CIT is characterized by a variety of interactions, including n-π stacking, Yoshida H-bonding, H-bonding, and electrostatic forces. This work advocates for the research and development of alternative adsorbent biomaterial that is capable of rapidly and efficiently treating wastewater-containing dyes. The current endeavor fulfills an assortment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), Climate Action (SDG 13), and Life Below Water (SDG 14).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"23365 - 23387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable synthesis, process optimization, and industrial applications of oleic ethanolamide","authors":"Ghislaine M. Ndonkeu,&nbsp;Egi Agustian,&nbsp;Joseph Blaise L. Dongmo,&nbsp;Pascal Noel Mekam,&nbsp;Melati Septiyanti,&nbsp;Julienne Nguefack,&nbsp;Yenny Meliana","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06794-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06794-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, oleic ethanolamide (OEA) has garnered significant interest because the amide bond is one of the most prevalent functional groups among bioactive molecules, it is a natural surfactant widely used to formulate cosmetic products, biopesticides, detergents, and enhanced oil recovery. This growing interest necessitates large-scale production using readily available raw materials, which is why palm oil, being the most abundant, is chosen. After refining and interesterification, oil palm produces an oil containing 80–95% oleic acid (OA), further encouraging its use. The synthesis of OEA from oleic oil and ethanolamine can be achieved through a faster chemical reaction, providing better yields. However, due to the high reaction temperatures above 160 °C and considering the atom economy principle, enzymatic reactions at moderate temperatures are preferred, although less productive. The optimization of parameters such as catalyst concentration, temperature, and solvent can significantly increase the quantity of the final product. A short-term comparison of the variable costs between the two reaction types leans toward enzymatic synthesis, reducing production costs by more than 40%. This review aims to explain and discuss recent findings in the literature on palm oleic oil processing, efficient methods for OEA synthesis and optimization, and its industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"22707 - 22724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived carbon electrodes from sugarcane bagasse for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Kajal Gautam,&nbsp;Mohit Bhatt,&nbsp;Akarsh Verma,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06799-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06799-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the application of carbon materials derived from sugarcane bagasse, a form of biomass, for the advancement of supercapacitor electrodes. Carbon electrodes were synthesized by carbonizing biomass waste at 500 °C with varying durations (3, 4, 5, and 10 h) and pre-treatment using glacial acetic acid, HCl, and NaOH. The resulting materials were designated as C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-4 respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the structural properties of the materials, while Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were used to evaluate their optical characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to examine the morphology and structural characteristics of all samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to surface chemistry, and elemental composition of materials. Electrochemical performance was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), charging discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Sample C-4, synthesized at 500 °C for 10 h, exhibited the best electrochemical performance, with high specific capacitances of 226.7 F/g at 1 mV/s, excellent rate capability with 65% capacitance retention at 100 mV/s, and excellent cyclic stability and coulombic efficiency of 100% over 5000 cycles. These findings underscore the effectiveness of biomass-derived carbon electrode for high performance supercapacitor applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25189 - 25203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the drying kinetics, energy consumption and physicochemical properties of Golden delicious apple powders by mixing carrier agents","authors":"Muhammed Taşova,&nbsp;Samet Kaya Dursun","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06792-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06792-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the effects of carrier agents and their usage methods on the drying rate, moisture content, effective moisture diffusion, energy consumption, color, density, Carr (<i>CI</i>) and Hausner (<i>HR</i>) index values of <i>Golden delicious</i> variety apple powder produced by convective drying method at 60 °C and 80 °C were compared. The effects of maltodextrin (M), sorbitol (S) and lactose (L) carrier agents and their M + S, M + L, S + L and M + S + L usage methods in powder production were determined. In the drying processes, purees were dried from an average of 4.77 ± 0.30 g moisture/g dry matter to 0.005 ± 0.0001 moisture/dry matter. It was found that the average drying rates of the samples varied between 6.77 × 10⁻³ and 1.44 × 10⁻² g moisture/g dry matter.min. The effective moisture diffusion values were determined to vary between 2.31 and 4.91 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s. The average specific moisture absorption ratio (<i>SMER</i>) values of the drying processes were determined to vary between 0.0027 and 0.0045 kg/kWh and the specific energy consumption (<i>SEC</i>) values were determined to vary between 220.89 and 393.22 kWh/kg. The tapped density values of the powder samples varied between 0.75 and 1.09 g/cm³ and the bulk density values between 0.67 and 0.82 g/cm³. The <i>CI</i> values of apple powders were determined between 1.35 and 38.96% and the <i>HR</i> values were determined between 1.01 and 1.69. The powder samples preserved the <i>L</i>, <i>a</i> and <i>C</i> color values of fresh significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>). The powders produced under 60 °C-Sorbitol, 60 °C-Lactose and 80 °C-Maltose conditions preserved the <i>b</i> color value of freshness significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"22865 - 22875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-06792-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the potential of Vitex negundo leaves: innovative fabrication of Cu-Ag-ZnO nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of caffeine and Congo red dye coupled with antimicrobial efficacy","authors":"Tanuj,&nbsp;Akshay Sharma,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar,&nbsp;Neerja Kalra","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06760-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06760-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we reported here the design and facile fabrication of copper, silver-co-doped zinc oxide nanocomposite (Cu-Ag-ZnO NC) using leaves extract for their application in photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants, i.e., Caffeine and Congo red dye. Anthropogenic contaminants, specifically caffeine and Congo red dye, are frequently detected in aquatic environments. Caffeine is most commonly used in personal care products and important pharmaceuticals, while Congo red is a common dye used for coloring fabric in the textile industry. These toxic compounds came out in freshwater as effluent from industrial and academic institutions. These contaminants into water bodies, posing a significant risk to both flora and fauna. To address this environmental challenge, our study focuses on developing eco-friendly NC via green methodology using plant-based extract as stabilizing and capping agent. Herein, utilizing &lt;i&gt;Vitex negundo&lt;/i&gt; leave extract, we successfully isolated Cu-Ag-ZnO NCs under ambient reaction conditions. The isolated material was thoroughly characterized using various advanced analytical techniques prior to their evaluation as an effective photocatalyst and antimicrobial agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed distinct crystalline peaks characteristic of ZnO within the NC besides the presence of copper and silver as dopants. The crystallite size of the Cu-Ag-ZnO NCs was determined to be 35.23 nm. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly illustrated the spherical morphology of NC with an average particle size of 21.851 nm. This trimetallic co-doped material exhibited excellent antimicrobial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and antifungal activities, determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Cu-Ag-ZnO NC exhibited strong antibacterial action against Gram-positive bacterial strains, i.e., &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; having MIC value of 0.488 µg/mL in comparison to 3.78 µg/mL of standard, i.e., Chloramphenicol. The green synthesized Cu-Ag-ZnO NC also exhibited an amazing antifungal activity against &lt;i&gt;A. niger&lt;/i&gt; having a MIC value of 0.976 µg/mL in comparison to 15.625 µg/mL of the standard drug, i.e., Nystatin. Furthermore, Cu-Ag-ZnO NC exhibited impressive photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation, achieving over 95% and 88% degradation of caffeine and Congo red respectively within 25 min. The noted reusability of NC is up to seven and six times for caffeine and Congo red degradation, respectively. In a nutshell, it is delineated that more frustrated materials due to entropic enhancement and band gap alteration are potential active materials toward catalysis as well as biological applications. The study delves into their efficiency, durability, and environmental sustainability, positioning such NCs as promising candidates for eco-friendly solutions in various fields.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical abstract&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;/di","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"23423 - 23440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and characterization of degradable bioplastic derived from banana peels and eggshells: towards sustainable alternatives","authors":"Ntsha Gebremeskel Gebremaryam,&nbsp;Mulu Berhe Desta,&nbsp;Fentahun Abebaw Belete","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06768-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06768-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rise in public attention to plastic pollution worldwide and the drive towards sustainable alternatives has led to bioplastics being explored as a possible solution. Using eggshells and banana peels as raw materials, this study examined the effects of drying temperatures, glycerol concentrations, and the ratio of banana to eggshell throughout the hydrolysis process to produce bioplastic. The impacts of drying temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C), glycerol concentrations (4, 8, and 12% w/w), and the ratio of banana peels to eggshells (1, 2, and 3) were analyzed and optimized using the design of experiment (DOE) for response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum tensile strength, elongation at a break, and degradability rates were 11.15 MPa, 6.57%, and 44.75%, respectively. The lower water absorption was 65.76%. At optimal conditions of 57.99 °C temperature, 9.02% w/w of glycerol concentrations, and 1.17 banana to eggshell ratio for hydrolysis, good quality of bioplastic with 10.82 MPa of tensile strength, 6.11% elongation at break, 67.49% water absorption, and 44.75% degradability was produced. O–H (3413 cm⁻¹), C-H (2925 and 2854 cm⁻¹), C–O (1741.2 and 1637.8 cm⁻¹), C–H symmetric deformation (1384.6 cm⁻¹), and C-O–H groups were indicated in the bioplastic film using FT-IR analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"23255 - 23268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable tropical fruit peel waste biochars for enhanced cadmium and lead adsorption: mechanistic insights and optimization using response surface methodology and backpropagation neural networks","authors":"Wanida Limmun,&nbsp;Warunee Limmun,&nbsp;Wisit Maneesri,&nbsp;Orrawan Pewpa,&nbsp;Thatchapol Chungcharoen,&nbsp;Nao Ishikawa,&nbsp;John J. Borkowski,&nbsp;Ayumi Ito","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06775-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06775-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal contamination, particularly from cadmium (Cd(II)) and lead (Pb(II)), presents a severe environmental challenge due to its toxicity and persistence. This study explores an innovative approach by utilizing abundant yet underutilized tropical fruit peel waste to produce biochars that serve as effective, sustainable adsorbents for heavy metal remediation. Biochars derived from banana peels (BP) and Monthong durian shells (DS) were synthesized via pyrolysis at 400–800 °C and evaluated for their physicochemical properties and adsorption efficiency. The DS600 biochar exhibited the highest adsorption capacity, removing Cd(II) (40.37 mg/g) and Pb(II) (51.74 mg/g), surpassing BP600 (40.22 mg/g and 47.23 mg/g, respectively). This study introduces a dual-modeling framework by integrating response surface methodology (RSM) with backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to optimize adsorption conditions and enhance predictive accuracy. The optimized conditions achieved over 99% removal efficiency, with <i>R</i>² &gt; 0.98 and MSE &lt; 0.05, confirming the robustness of the model-based predictions. The study highlights the superior adsorption performance of DS600 biochar, with adsorption mechanisms influenced by pH, dosage, and biochar properties. In contrast to conventional studies that focus solely on equilibrium adsorption or rely on statistical models, this work pioneers the use of tropical fruit peel biochar in heavy metal remediation, providing quantitative insights into process optimization and practical scalability. The findings demonstrate the potential for valorizing agricultural waste into high-performance adsorbents, advancing cost-effective and sustainable water treatment technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"23321 - 23343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the biogas production in two-phase anaerobic digester of food waste using sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar","authors":"Amira Masoud,&nbsp;Mahmoud Samy,&nbsp;Nesma Eltoukhy Allam,&nbsp;Bipro Ranjan Dhar,&nbsp;Mohamed N. A. Meshref,&nbsp;Sherien Elagroudy","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06724-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06724-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of conductive additives on the two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) process has been limited. Consequently, in this study, we investigated the impact of different doses of biochar (5, 10, and 15 g/L) on a batch two-stage AD, consisting of acidogenic (1st phase) followed by methanogenic (2nd phase). First, sugarcane bagasse was used as a precursor for the preparation of biochar. The prepared biochar was then employed as a conductive material in two-phase AD of food waste. Compared to the control, the hydrogen and methane production were improved in the biochar-amended digesters. Notably, 10 g/L of biochar dose was optimal for both stages. Additionally, the addition of biochar ameliorated the generation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during hydrogen production and the degradation of VFAs during methane production. Principal component analysis (PCA) interpreted the relative performance of the AD conditions with various biochar doses. Hydrogen was detected during the first 10 days as the main component of the biogas with a maximum ratio of 85.6% and maximum yield of 583.2 mL/g VS in the case of using biochar dose 10 g/L, while the highest methane yield (114.5 mL/g VS) was detected on the 15th day using the same biochar dose, and the highest methane ratio was 81.6%. The low content of CO₂ during the biogas production as well as the high biogas production and the effective biodegradation of food waste can support the application of the proposed system on a wider scale.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"22959 - 22970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-06724-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing high-value metabolite production and asparaginase activity in Haematococcus pluvialis: impact of different organic carbon sources and feeding strategies","authors":"Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes,&nbsp;Géssica Cavalcanti Pereira Mota,&nbsp;Alejandro Molina-Miras,&nbsp;Asterio Sánchez-Mirón,&nbsp;María del Carmen Cerón-García,&nbsp;Alfredo Olivera Gálvez,&nbsp;Ranilson de Souza Bezerra,&nbsp;Francisco García-Camacho","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06779-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06779-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores modifications in sources of organic carbon and strategies for adding them to enhance the metabolite production in <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>. Thus, the combined effects of two factors were investigated: the type of single organic carbon source (sodium acetate, AC; molasses, MS; glycerol, GLY) and organic carbon feeding strategy, either single pulse (SPF) or multi-pulse (MPF). This study achieved enhanced biomass yields of <i>H. pluvialis</i> using SPF-GLY and MPF-AC. The incorporation of glycerol and molasses significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of proteins, fatty acids, and astaxanthin. Notably, SPF-GLY achieved the highest astaxanthin content in the biomass (6.89% d.w.). Furthermore, this study reports, for the first time, the activity of the enzyme asparaginase in <i>H. pluvialis</i>. The highest asparaginase activities were observed in SPF-AC and SPF-GLY (245 ± 16 IU mg⁻¹ d.w.). These findings indicate that selecting the appropriate organic carbon source and feeding strategy can optimize metabolite production in <i>H. pluvialis.</i> Moreover, integrating <i>H. pluvialis</i> biomass into biorefinery models could enhance the overall utilisation of the valuable compounds produced.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"23185 - 23198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption efficiency of groundnut husk biochar in reduction of rhodamine B, recycle, and reutilization","authors":"Birol Kayranli","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06781-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06781-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Industrial development has significantly increased the off dyestuff in the environment, resulting to serious environmental contamination in recent years. The high concentration of dye in aquatic environments has spurred researchers to focus on remediation strategies for the removal of dye from wastewater. Thus, adsorption has emerged as an effective and economically viable method for removing dye. Biochar is used due to its diverse raw material sources, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability, stands out as a valuable resource in environmental remediation. This study uses comprehensively characterized the groundnut husk biochar (GHB) by using FTIR, BET surface area analysis, and pHpzc determination techniques. Considering Freundlich isotherm fitting, the maximum adsorption capacities of GHB for RhB are 182.24 mg g⁻¹ and removal efficiency of 94.0% at the pH of 3, with 0.30 g L⁻¹ adsorbent dosage, surpassing those noted for other biochar’s in the literature. In the thermodynamic study of adsorption, ΔG was determined to be negative, indicating to feasible and spontaneous adsorption process. The findings from this are all one study; the main mechanisms involved in RhB removal via GHB, including ion exchange, filling of pores, π-π interactions, electrostatic attraction, and bonding of hydrogen, were presented. The research study indicates that GHB is reusable, with significant adsorption capacity even after third consecutive cycles of regeneration leading to environmentally, and cost-effective absorbent, even at temperatures ambient or below. Further study is needed to investigate other regeneration techniques for biochar to prolong its usefulness to dye absorption, hence decreasing the costs involved in disposing of the by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25501 - 25513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-06781-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}