Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery最新文献

{"title":"Biogas potential of different unconventional substrates from the Orinoquía region, Colombia, for anaerobic co-digestion with swine manure","authors":"Christian Jose Rojas Reina,&nbsp;Leonardo Alonso-Gomez,&nbsp;Alberto Cortes Santos","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07221-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07221-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the biogas potential of unconventional agro-industrial residues from the Colombian Orinoquía region as co-substrates for anaerobic co-digestion with swine manure. The substrates included Sacha Inchi (<i>Plukenetia volubilis</i>) seed and husk, Cacay shell (<i>Cariodendron orinocense</i>), and cassava processing wastewater (<i>Manihot esculenta</i>). Batch anaerobic digestion assays were conducted under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) following VDI 4630 guidelines to determine specific biogas yields expressed per unit of volatile solids (VS). Solid residues exhibited high total solids (&gt; 89% TS) and volatile solids content (64–83% of TS), resulting in biogas yields ranging from 300 to 400 m³ ton⁻¹ VS. Methane concentrations varied between 59 and 62%, comparable to conventional lignocellulosic agricultural residues widely used in European biogas systems. Elemental analysis revealed elevated C/N ratios (38–175), indicating nitrogen limitation and the necessity of co-digestion with nitrogen-rich substrates to enhance methanogenic performance.</p><p>The results demonstrate that these region-specific agro-industrial residues have a competitive energy potential compared with traditional energy crops. Their integration into rural biodigestion systems represents a technically viable strategy to increase methane production, improve waste management, and promote decentralized renewable energy generation in tropical agricultural regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of gasification temperature and alkali catalyst action on hydrogen extraction from agricultural wastes via supercritical water gasification","authors":"Elavarasan Krishnasamy,&nbsp;Vikas Sharma,&nbsp;Doodala Kondababu,&nbsp;Vivek Saraswat,&nbsp;M. Sreenivasa Reddy,&nbsp;Yuvraj Parmar,&nbsp;Sagayaraj Pappu,&nbsp;Ramya Maranan,&nbsp;R. Srinivasan,&nbsp;Anand Rajendran","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07223-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07223-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Presently, agricultural wastes (rice straw and sugarcane bagasse) are the source for extracting hydrogen gas via supercritical water gasification (SCWG). During the SCWG process, gasification temperature has been varied from 400 °C to 700 °C with a span of 100 °C, and an optimum pressure of 25 MPa at 30 min residence time under both non-catalytic and catalytic conditions. The effect of gasification temperature on syngas production and SCWG performance was investigated with and without an alkali catalyst. The results showed that the SCWG process operated at 700 °C/25 MPa /30 min with alkali catalyst (1:0.5 ratio of Ni: NaOH) was found to have a high hydrogen yield of 29.5 mol/kg, enhanced carbon conversion efficiency of 84.6%, higher hydrogen selectivity of 79.2%, and superior gasification efficiency of 74.1%. With the significance of SCWG with catalyst action, the char formation is limited to 8.8 wt%, which is better than the non-catalyst SCWG system. Overall, the study identifies around 700 °C as the optimum gasification temperature for agricultural waste under the investigated conditions and demonstrates that Ni-NaOH catalysis significantly enhances hydrogen yield, carbon utilization, and energy recovery, providing valuable experimental insight for efficient hydrogen-rich syngas production via SCWG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pilot-scale synthesis of methyl and ethyl ester from waste cooking oil using hydrodynamic cavitation: techno-economic insights","authors":"Nirav Prajapati,&nbsp;Surendra Singh Kachhwaha,&nbsp;Pravin Kodgire,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Vij,&nbsp;Jeffrey S. Cross","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07215-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07215-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite extensive research on biodiesel synthesis, very few pilot-scale studies have evaluated hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) reactors-especially venturi-based systems which remain limited, and performance comparisons between methanol and ethanol in terms of energy consumption, reaction time, and scalability have not been adequately explored. To address the research gap, this study presents a pilot-scale (100 L/batch) techno-economic assessment of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using HC, incorporating ethanol for the first time in a venturi cavitation system. Process was carried out using a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6.1:1 (ethanol-to-oil ratio of 7.9:1), 0.9 wt% KOH, 3 bar inlet pressure, 60 °C, and 1 h reaction time. The cavitation numbers of 0.18 (methanol) and 0.36 (ethanol) with high biodiesel yields of 90.75 ± 0.05% (methanol) and 87.47 ± 0.05% (ethanol) were achieved, corresponding to yield efficiencies of 0.90 ± 0.01 × 10^− 3 and 0.83 ± 0.01 × 10^− 3 kg/kJ, respectively. Fuel properties were confirmed through FTIR, GC-FID, and ¹H NMR, and complied with ASTM D6751 and EN 14,214 standards. Notably, ethyl esters exhibited improved cold-flow performance due to their lower saturation content, making it advantageous for low-temperature applications despite their slightly reduced yield compared to methyl esters. Techno-economic assessment revealed strong profitability at ≥ 300 L/day production scale, with ROI and IRR exceeding 89% and EROI of 9.56 for methanol, and ROI, IRR &gt; 67%, and EROI of 6.46 for ethanol, resulting in a payback period below 1.1 years. Overall, the results demonstrate venturi-based HC as a highly scalable, energy-efficient, and commercially viable technology for converting WCO into high-quality biodiesel, with ethanol offering enhanced cold-flow behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-mediated synthesis of Zn/Mg co-doped Ag₂O nanocomposites and their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities","authors":"M. M. Divyasri,&nbsp;A. Thirugnanasundar","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07210-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07210-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work highlights the eco-friendly synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles along with Zn/Mg co-doped silver oxide nanoparticles using <i>Citrus hystrix</i> peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. SEM analysis demonstrated that the pure silver oxide nanoparticles possessed a rough, aggregated surface with irregular particle shapes, whereas the doped nanocomposites exhibited a comparatively porous morphology. The elemental composition of the prepared catalysts was verified by EDX analysis. TEM further confirmed the successful formation of nanoparticles, offering detailed information regarding their morphology, size distribution, and structural uniformity. FTIR spectra were recorded to identify the functional groups involved in nanoparticle formation, while UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed to calculate the energy band gap. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure and phase purity of the synthesized materials. Moreover, the antibacterial potential of the catalysts was tested using the agar well diffusion method, which revealed their inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>).The produced biocatalyst has exhibited antioxidant activity by employing DPPH radical Scavenging activity. The as-synthesized biocatalyst was evaluated for anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cell.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into clean woven and non-woven mat production from cellulose pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) waste and its prospective applications: a review","authors":"Hazrul Azrin Abd Mutalib,&nbsp;Kushairi Mohd Salleh,&nbsp;Nurfarisah Damia Zamruddin,&nbsp;Chunhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07214-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07214-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) represents a prolific but largely untapped lignocellulosic agricultural byproduct. Despite its commercial potential, a transition toward integrated biorefinery strategies is required to harness PALF for high-value applications, particularly in sustainable textiles. This review evaluates the conversion of raw PALF into functional woven and non-woven architectures, framed within the paradigms of cleaner production and waste valorization. We analyze how fiber morphology, chemical/enzymatic pretreatments, and bonding density dictate the final physicochemical characteristics of the textile. A comparative assessment reveals that while woven PALF mats provide superior mechanical tensile strength and dimensional stability for structural composites, non-woven mats offer enhanced thermal/acoustic insulation and scalability for bioleather and filtration media. Furthermore, this study addresses critical bottlenecks in the PALF value chain, including fiber quality variability and the environmental footprint of treatment residues. By integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspectives, this review establishes a roadmap for the industrial adoption of PALF-based materials, aligning with global circular bioeconomy strategies and green manufacturing pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of bio-coke prepared from pine sawdust/lignin blends at different pyrolysis temperatures","authors":"Lichao Ge,&nbsp;Lei Yao,&nbsp;Hongcui Feng,&nbsp;Ben Yang,&nbsp;Nai Rong,&nbsp;Yanquan Liu,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Chang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07213-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07213-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To develop sustainable, low-carbon carbonaceous materials as alternatives to coal-based coke for blast furnace ironmaking, pine sawdust and lignin were employed as feedstocks. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on single biomass feedstocks or individual pyrolysis parameters, this work systematically investigates the combined effects of feedstock blending ratio and pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties and carbon structural evolution of bio-coke. Bio-coke was prepared at three representative pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, and 650 °C) using two blending ratios (mass ratios of 3:1 and 2:1). The results demonstrate that increasing lignin content significantly improves the yield, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of the bio-coke. Structural characterization by XRD and Raman spectroscopy reveals that increasing pyrolysis temperature enhances both the long-range stacking order and short-range structural ordering of carbon, indicating progressive graphitization of the carbon matrix. Among the investigated conditions, bio-coke prepared at 550 °C exhibited a more uniform porous structure and a chemically stable carbon framework. Under this condition, the bio-coke achieved a yield of 40%, a high heating value of 28.87 MJ/kg, and a maximum compressive strength of 5.72 MPa, demonstrating its promising potential for blast furnace ironmaking. Furthermore, this study establishes the relationship between carbon structural evolution and the physicochemical properties of bio-coke, providing new insights into optimizing biomass blending strategies and pyrolysis conditions for metallurgical applications. The findings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of high-performance bio-coke as a renewable substitute for conventional metallurgical coke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing fertilizer production from biogenic waste: A review within circular, sustainable, and regenerative economic transitions","authors":"Tatiana Kimura Kodama,&nbsp;José Manuel Alejandro Cerdán-Morillo,&nbsp;Hugo Hissashi Miyata,&nbsp;Thyago de Melo Duarte Borges,&nbsp;Jéssica Suarez Campoli,&nbsp;Aldo Roberto Ometto,&nbsp;Marcelo Seido Nagano","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07211-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07211-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fertilizers derived from biogenic waste are increasingly being studied as a strategy for nutrient recovery, waste valorization, and the development ofsustainable fertilizer systems. However, much of the existing review literature remains focused on specific technologies, feedstocks, fertilizer products, barriers, or evaluation approaches, leaving the field’s overall development less clear. This study examined 875 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science to map how this literature has evolved and how its main topics are connected. The analysis combined systematic literature review procedures, bibliometric analysis, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The results show that earlier studies were centered on anaerobic digestion, biogas production, energy recovery, and techno-economic feasibility. More recent studies place these topics within a broader research agenda that includes nutrient recovery, waste valorization, circular economy, environmental assessment, digestate, composting, biochar, and soil-related applications. Circular economy was the most frequently used conceptual term. Four thematic domains were identified: circular systems and agricultural management; waste valorization and environmental performance; energy, composting, nitrogen, and systems assessment; and manure, soil, nutrient cycling, and biochar. Topics such as phosphorus recovery, co-digestion, soil amendment effects, nutrient forecasting, and environmental performance assessment remain less consolidated. The review provides an integrated, longitudinal overview of the field and identifies evidence gaps across agronomic performance, environmental assessment, economic feasibility, regulation, and adoption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-026-07211-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae-derived biochar from residual biomass as a sustainable support for lipase immobilization and enzymatic biodiesel production","authors":"Vitor Bertolassi Hidalgo,&nbsp;Janaina Martins Theodoro,&nbsp;Mariana Henriques Jacobsen,&nbsp;Liana Alvares Rodrigues,&nbsp;Patrícia Caroline Molgero Da Rós","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07206-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07206-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the valorization of residual microalgal biomass into functional biochar for lipase immobilization and enzymatic biodiesel production. Microalgal residue remaining after pigment and lipid extraction underwent pyrolysis at different temperatures and treatment strategies, and the most suitable support was obtained by pyrolysis at 500 °C followed by nitric acid modification and silanization. These treatments enhanced biochar physicochemical properties, providing superior textural and chemical characteristics, including higher surface area and enhanced enzyme affinity. <i>Burkholderia cepacia lipase</i> (BCL) was immobilized on biochar by covalent bonding and physical adsorption. Among the evaluated conditions, covalent immobilization on chemically modified biochar resulted in the highest catalytic activity (4052.11 U g^− 1) and immobilization yield (78%), demonstrating the positive effect of support functionalization on enzyme-support interactions. The biocatalysts were characterized by kinetic and thermal analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques confirmed the biochar porous morphology, successful enzyme attachment, and functional groups favorable for immobilization. Kinetic analysis revealed increased substrate affinity for the covalently immobilized enzyme, while thermal stability tests showed that both immobilization strategies preserved approximately 85% of enzymatic activity after 240 min at 45 °C. The biocatalysts were then applied to biodiesel synthesis from babassu oil. BCL immobilized by covalent bonding on chemically modified biochar achieved complete conversion into ethyl esters and produced biodiesel with viscosity within fuel-standard limits. Reusability assays showed that the immobilized derivative retained more than 60% conversion after four consecutive cycles, corresponding to an operational half-life of 301 h. Overall, microalgal biochar proved to be a robust, renewable, and effective support for enzyme immobilization, contributing to sustainable biodiesel production and residue valorization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-026-07206-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linalool-enhanced polyurethane/orange peel composite films for improved mechanical and biological performance","authors":"Heba Kandil,&nbsp;Doaa S. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Safaa Saleh,&nbsp;Emad Tolba","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07200-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07200-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of multifunctional wound dressings with combined mechanical strength and biological activity remains a major challenge in wound-care applications. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite films containing finely groundorange peel (OP) powder and linalool (Ln) were fabricated via solvent casting for potential wound dressing applications. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of OP and linalool into the TPU matrix, while morphological observations indicated improved filler dispersion after linalool incorporation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed reduced thermal stability upon modifier incorporation; however, degradation temperatures remained well above those required for processing and wound-healing applications. Mechanical testing demonstrated that OP significantly reinforced the matrix, increasing tensile strength from 5.20 to 9.84 MPa and elongation at break from 443% to 598%. Further enhancement was achieved in the ternary TPU/OP/Ln film, yielding a tensile strength of 10.36 MPa and an elongation of 706%. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed a remarkable improvement for the TPU/OP/Ln composite, achieving population reductions of 62.1% against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, 80.2% against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and 55.2% against <i>Candida albicans</i> relative to the control. Cytocompatibility studies using human skin fibroblasts (HSF) demonstrated dose-dependent responses, with both OP and Ln exhibiting high cytocompatibility and low cytotoxicity at biologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, in vitro scratch assays showed that the TPU/OP/Ln matrix significantly accelerated cellular migration, achieving 78% wound closure within 48 h. These findings indicate that the synergistic integration of OP powder and Ln produces a promising eco-friendly wound dressing candidate with enhanced mechanical performance and biological activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis sativa L. biomass valorization as a strategic bioresource for South Africa’s circular bioeconomy: integrating biorefinery pathways and green extraction","authors":"Lucia Motsa,&nbsp;Naadhira Seedat,&nbsp;Lukhanyo Mekuto,&nbsp;Patrick Sekoai","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07177-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07177-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>South Africa’s legalized <i>Cannabis Sativa</i> L. industry generates substantial biomass waste, including post-harvest materials such as stalks, leaves, roots, and seeds, as well as post-extraction residues rich in lignocellulosic components (cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose) and functional compounds (fibers, phenolic compounds, and proteins) which remain largely unvalorized. This review critically and systematically examines valorization pathways for <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. biomass within the context of a circular bioeconomy, focusing on its potential as a bioresource amid South Africa’s evolving regulatory, agricultural, and industrial landscape. A systematic scoping review of 65 peer-reviewed studies (2018–2025) was conducted using international databases to evaluate biochemical and thermochemical conversion, integrated biorefinery strategies, and green extraction methods such as supercritical CO₂ extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Compositional analysis indicates that lignocellulosic fractions from <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L., particularly bast fibers and hurds, are well-suited to cascaded biorefinery applications, enabling the recovery of cannabinoids, carbon-based materials, and bioenergy. However, several challenges persist, including biomass recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis, inconsistent feedstock availability, and the lack of a standardized protocol within South Africa’s regulated environment. Techno-economic assessments (TEA) highlight the need for financial incentives, decentralized infrastructure, and cohesive policies among government entities, including DALRRD, SAHPRA, and DTIC. The review proposes a South African collaboration framework linking policy with research-based process design. Key gaps include the need for life cycle assessment (LCA) and TEA validation at the pilot scale, characterization of landrace cultivars, and development of accessible pretreatment technologies for smallholders.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-026-07177-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}