Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of gold-loaded ironbark biochar-based catalyst for catalytic upgrading of spent coffee grounds: reaction kinetics, products distribution, and mechanism","authors":"Mahmuda Akter Mele,&nbsp;Ravinder Kumar,&nbsp;Ioan Sanislav,&nbsp;Elsa Antunes","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06936-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06936-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reduce dependence on fossil fuels and limit environmental impacts, converting abundant and low-cost lignocellulosic biomass into renewable energy products is essential. While biomass-derived biochar is widely used in environmental and agricultural applications, its role as a catalyst or catalytic support has received far less attention. In this study, we develop a novel biochar-based catalyst and demonstrate its effectiveness in the catalytic pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCG), leading to enhanced production of valuable hydrocarbons and phenols. This work reveals a new and underexplored application of biochar in sustainable energy and chemical generation. The adsorption method was adopted for the preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded into ironbark biochar (IBBC) catalysts. The characterization by BET, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS findings confirmed the successful preparation of AuNPs-IBBC catalyst. SCG biomass, without-metal catalyst showed the lowest hydrocarbon production. However, incorporating the AuNPs-IBBC into the process led to an increase in the production of aromatics, as well as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The biochar surface functionalities coupled with gold increased the aromatics selectivity two-fold (from 4.5 to 9.9%) and phenols (from 2.4 to 5.5%) with the IBBC-BC1 catalyst. At 750 °C pyrolysis temperature with the BC1 catalyst, hydrocarbon production was the highest compared to other catalysts. The BC1 catalyst favored C4–C11 hydrocarbons with a selectivity of 6%. The BC1 catalyst has demonstrated an enhanced pore volume of 0.089 cm³/g, accompanied by an average pore diameter of 3.182 nm. TGA results showed significant weight reduction rates and increased thermal degradation rates after catalytic pyrolysis of SCG. Therefore, it could be suggested that gold-loaded biochar catalyst can upgrades the SCG biomass to produce value-added chemicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-06936-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of banana leaf waste for cellulose nanofiber extraction: a sustainable approach for leather applications","authors":"Athithyan Ilangovan,&nbsp;Sri Bala Kameswari Kanchinadham","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07069-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07069-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In India, large quantities of banana leaf waste generated from restaurants, event halls, and markets are often discarded in stormwater drains, causing blockages, or dumped in open landfills. This study explores the potential for utilizing this waste to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNF) for leather-related applications. CNF were extracted using an alkali–acid treatment from both the leaf portion (RBL) and the midrib portion (RBS) of banana leaf waste. FE-SEM and AFM analyses confirmed the formation of fibrous nanostructures with diameters in the range of 25–80 nm. XRD analysis verified the presence of cellulose nanofibers, with crystallite sizes of 3.7 nm for CNF derived from the leaf portion (CNF-BL) and 4.0 nm for those from the midrib portion (CNF-BS). The specific surface areas (SBET) were 50.36 m²/g for CNF-BL and 43.42 m²/g for CNF-BS, indicating high surface reactivity suitable for composite applications. The extracted nanofibers were incorporated into leather finishing formulations as additives in binders and pigments, meeting the quality requirements of ISO 11,640. In addition, the nanofibers were successfully used to fabricate a leather-like material exhibiting a tensile strength of 9.27 N/mm² and a tear strength of 15.33 N. Overall, the results demonstrate that banana leaf waste can be effectively valorized into high-performance cellulose nanofibers, supporting sustainable waste management and circular economy practices in the leather industry.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of rice straw waste into bio-silica for the remediation of organic pollutants","authors":"Priyvart Choudhary,&nbsp;Seema Singh,&nbsp;Rohit Sharma,&nbsp;S. Chetana,&nbsp;Shang-Lien Lo","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07060-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07060-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Agriculture waste, particularly rice straw (RS) is a renewable resource that can effectively be used to produce a higher amount of modified SiO₂ compared to other lignocelluloses. Present study proposed the extraction of Bio-SiO₂ from RS. The extracted silica was utilized as a catalyst for Methylene Blue (MB) dye removal from wastewater. Various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, UV-DRS, and FTIR were used to identify the surface characteristics of Bio-SiO₂. The effect of various operating parameters was used to optimize the maximum dye removal. At the optimal treatment condition, ~ 86% dye removal was obtained after 20 min of treatment with 20 mg L^− 1 of dye concentration, 100 mg L^− 1 Bio-SiO₂ and pH = 8 under UV-visible light irradiation. The kinetics of dye degradation was followed by Pseudo first-order kinetics. Scavenger test analysis was used to identify the main role of hole and hydroxyl radicals in dye removal. Repeatability and reusability test analysis were also used to confirm the stability of as-prepared catalysts. The proposed study may establish a promising, effective, and sustainable pathway toward attaining the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 12.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the recycling of ternary basic deep eutectic solvent pretreated corn Stover","authors":"Ying Zhan,&nbsp;Xuejiao Ma,&nbsp;Chen Liu,&nbsp;Xisheng Hu,&nbsp;Lihua Han,&nbsp;Hongzhou Shang,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Ren,&nbsp;Zheng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07070-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07070-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are recognized for their multiple merits, particularly in terms of environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, recyclability, and excellent solvent properties, are now widely utilized for biomass pretreatment. The NaOH/ethylene glycol/water-based ternary DES (0.1: 4: 1 molar ratio, N: E: H1), exhibits satisfactory performance in corn stover pretreatment. In order to reduce the solvent cost and promote sustainable development, we have studied the recycling process of N: E: H1. In this study, the effect of the antisolvents type and the recycling times of N: E: H1 on corn stover pretreatment were investigated, and the FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis of corn stover were conducted to reveal pretreatment mechanism. The results showed that methanol containing short carbon chain as antisolvent can be the better candidate than the other two containing long carbon chain, achieving 75.19% of N: E: H1 recovery rate after five cycles. Over five cycles, the lignin removal rates (52.8 ~ 77.5%), hemicellulose removal (36.6 ~ 53.7%), and reducing sugar yields (46.1 ~ 89.1%) demonstrated operational consistency. The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis results indicate that the recycled N: E: H1 has a certain ability to dissolve both lignin and hemicellulose. The recycling process by using methanol as antisolvent will be promising recycling DES process and promote reducing the cost of DESs pretreatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of catalytic (MWCNTs/TiO2) hydrothermal liquefaction of Cyperus pangorei biomass on bio-oil yield: optimization through response surface methodology (RSM), a step towards SDG 7","authors":"C. Marimuthu,&nbsp;J. Arun,&nbsp;A. Swetha,&nbsp;S. ShriVigneshwar,&nbsp;J. Jayakanth,&nbsp;P. Priyadharsini,&nbsp;Salim Al Jadidi,&nbsp;S. Naveen","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06963-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06963-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of <i>Cyperus pangorei</i> biomass was studied for bio-oil production and the operational conditions were subjected to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experiments coupled with central composite design. Initially, the HTL experiments were performed at temperature (240 to 320 °C), TiO₂/MWCNTs catalyst (0.1 to 0.5 wt%), solvent to biomass ratio (100 to 200 g/L), solvent (water and ethanol) mixture (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1) at pressure of 5 MPa and time of 60 min. Maximum bio-oil yield was 33.89 wt% at solvent to biomass ratio of 180 g/L at temperature 280 °C, catalyst load of 0.3 wt% and water to ethanol of 1:2 ratio at 60 min. Bio-oil had HHV of 30.37 MJ/Kg with H/C and O/C of 1.01and 0.19 respectively. Total Energy recovery ratio (ERR) of bio-oil and biochar was 56.12% individually. Among various parameters, catalyst load showed the highest significant impact on the bio-oil yield due to the low <i>P</i>-value and high F-value in ANOVA analysis. Major compounds (tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanonic acid and hydrolyzed benzenes) identified in HTL bio-oil are categorized as hydrocarbons, oxyacid and esters. The present results show that HTL supproted RSM studies are a promising approach to convert <i>Cyperus pangorei</i> biomass to high quality bio-oil via process efficient sustainable strategies. This study paves futuristic directions towards eco-friendly practices, green initiatives and sustainable waste management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of pomegranate peel-enriched chitosan oligosaccharide nanocrystalline cellulose grafted polyacrylamide hydrogel for heavy metal copper and chromium removal: a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment","authors":"Govindaswamy Periyannan,&nbsp;Srinivasan Latha","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06940-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06940-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study optimises a pomegranate peel-enriched chitosan oligosaccharide nanocrystalline cellulose grafted polyacrylamide hydrogel (CS-NCC-g-AM/PP-MBA) for the removal of wastewater containing the heavy metals copper and chromium. The hydrogel was synthesised through grafting and characterised for its adsorption capacity. Batch adsorption studies evaluated the removal efficiency, achieving over 80% removal for both Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions. The significant adsorption capacity was ascribed to the functional groups from the pomegranate peel, chitosan oligosaccharide, and nanocrystalline cellulose in the hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel demonstrated excellent hydrophilicity, viscoelasticity, and reusability, making it a viable, economical, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals. The study highlights the potential of utilising agricultural waste products in developing sustainable solutions for addressing heavy metal contamination in water. The prepared hydrogel proved the maximum adsorption capacity, C_max- 229.37 mg/g for copper and 206.33 mg/g for chromium following Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics with R²—0.9993 for copper and R²—0.9982 for chromium. The best results were obtained when the pH of the medium was maintained at 5 and adsorbent dose 4gm.The findings contribute to the advancement of green technologies for wastewater treatment, as the hydrogel’s unique three-dimensional porous architecture, hydrophilicity, and functional groups (− COOH, − NH₂, − SO₃H, and − OH) enable effective adsorption of metal ions. The optimization of this pomegranate peel-based hydrogel offers a novel approach to tackling the global challenge of heavy metal pollution in water resources.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic extraction of starch from Kutki Millet and its application in hydrogel preparation","authors":"Divya Arora,&nbsp;Sanjana Kumari,&nbsp;Barjinder Pal Kaur,&nbsp;Rakhi Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07068-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07068-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kutki Millet is an underutilized grain with high starch content. This starch can be utilized for various applications in the food industry depending upon its physicochemical, functional, thermal, structural, and pasting properties. This study aims to extract kutki millet starch (KMS) using an enzymatic method, characterize it, and compare it with corn starch (CS) to discover its potential application in hydrogel production. Characterization of KMS has provided various insights for its applications in the food industry. The amylose content of KMS was found to be 29.83% and the particle size was found to be 16.46 μm. KMS shows the presence of similar functional groups in its structure, as those of CS. The gelatinization temperature of KMS was 98.3℃, which was lower than that of CS. The starch presented lower viscosity as compared to CS but had a similar pasting temperature (74℃). The prepared hydrogels exhibited an increase in the gelatinization temperature (109.5℃) and a specific heat capacity of 9.368 J/g*K. FTIR has also shown the dominance of O-H stretching, and rheology confirms the shear-thinning behavior of the hydrogels. Based on the results, the potential applications of KMS-based hydrogels are as thickeners. Also, KMS showed potential in hydrogel production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification of industrial waste algae: experimental and AI-Assisted optimization for biofuel and hydrogen production","authors":"Deepankumar S,&nbsp; Senthil Kumar K L","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-07035-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-07035-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing global demand for sustainable and low-carbon energy sources has driven significant interest in biomass-based biofuels. Industrial waste algae, an abundant, renewable, and non-food bioresource, presents a promising feedstock for thermochemical conversion due to its high lipid content, rapid growth rate, and carbon sequestration potential. This study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and hydrothermal gasification (HTG) processes for converting industrial waste algae into biofuels, focusing on optimizing bio-oil yield, hydrogen production, and pollution index reduction. The influence of key process parametersincluding temperature, pressure, reaction time, catalyst loading, and solvent-to-biomass (S/B) ratioon bio-oil and hydrogen yield was systematically analyzed through experimental and computational approaches.HTL experiments were conducted at temperatures between 200 and 420 °C, pressures up to 20 MPa, and reaction times ranging from 30 to 90 min, utilizing Ca(OH)₂ as a catalyst. The optimal conditions (300 °C, 50 bar, 60 min, 3% catalyst, and an S/B ratio of 13.3) resulted in a bio-oil yield of 39.6% with a higher heating value (HHV) of 35.8 MJ/kg. Similarly, HTG experiments performed at temperatures &gt; 375 °C and pressures &gt; 22 MPa demonstrated that 350 °C, 20 MPa, and 60 min reaction time yielded 81.6% hydrogen with a pollution index (PI) of 9.3% when processed with 5% ZnO catalyst. The syngas composition was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing an H₂-rich gas phase with minimal CO₂ emissions.To enhance process efficiency, an AI-driven Tunable Decision Support System (TDSS) and Tunable Recommendation System (TRS) were developed, integrating Supervised Multivariate Random Forest (SMVRF) and Adaptive Multivariate Random Forest (AMVRF) models. These machine learning models analyzed large-scale experimental datasets and demonstrated &gt; 94% accuracy in predicting optimal process conditions. The AI framework effectively correlated biomass composition with conversion efficiency, enabling real-time decision-making for improved biofuel yield and energy recovery.This study establishes that industrial waste algae is a viable and sustainable feedstock for biofuel production through HTL and HTG, offering a renewable energy alternative with lower carbon emissions. The integration of machine learning-driven optimization significantly enhances process efficiency, reducing experimental costs while maximizing biofuel yield. These findings contribute to the advancement of biorefinery technologies and support the scalability of hydrothermal biofuel production, paving the way for sustainable, AI-assisted industrial bioconversion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel-Copper synergy for enhanced sulfide control and bioenergy recovery in UASB reactor treating Sulfate-Rich wastewater","authors":"Samir I. Gadow,&nbsp;Guangyin Zhen,&nbsp;Yue-ming Zhou ,&nbsp;Xueqin  Lu,&nbsp;Wei Xu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Guo,&nbsp;Yu-You Li","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-07018-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-07018-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sulfate-rich wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks, as the presence of heavy metals amplifies toxicity through synergistic effects, complicating treatment processes. An UASB reactor was operated for eight months to investigate the synergistic effects of co-metals on in-situ sulfide control under varying COD/SO₄²⁻ ratios and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The combined toxicity of nickel (Ni2+) and copper (Cu2+), each at an individual concentration of 150 mg/L, reduced methane production by 51.3%; however, metal precipitation strategies effectively mitigated this toxicity, resulting in improved sulfide control and enhanced methane production. At relatively low COD/SO₄²⁻ ratios (1-0.5), methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) demonstrated syntrophic acetate oxidation, with a maximum usable Cu²⁺ concentration of 0.825 mmol/L. The maximum sulfide precipitation of 683.81 mg/L was achieved at a COD/SO₄²⁻ ratio of 0.5 and a 12-h HRT. The system demonstrated high efficiency in removing both COD (92.7%) and sulfate (94.5%) while achieving an energy recovery rate of 42.38 mmol CH₄/L. With nickel and copper acting synergistically, the reactor demonstrated stable performance, achieving enhanced sulfate and COD removal efficiency while effectively mitigating sulfide toxicity and improving methane production. These findings highlight the technical feasibility of metal supplementation for in-situ sulfide control and the optimization of anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-07018-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and optimization of green tea extract and boron nitride nanoparticles doped chitosan/sodium caseinate nanocomposite film for food packaging","authors":"Filiz Uğur Nigiz,&nbsp;Eda Ersoy","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-07052-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-07052-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the preparation and characterization of novel chitosan/sodium caseinate bio-nanocomposite films doped with green tea extract and boron nitride nanoparticles. Different films were prepared with varying amounts of sodium caseinate, green tea extract, and boron nitride. Moisture content, water and vapor swelling, pH-dependent solubility, optical and color properties, antimicrobial activity, mechanical strength, total phenol, and antioxidant properties of films were studied. As the sodium caseinate ratio increased, the moisture content, swelling degree, tensile strength, and elongation decreased. The results indicated that green tea extract and boron nitride improves properties of the films. The addition of GTE and BN significantly increased mechanical strength and decreased moisture content. The lowest moisture content of 16.67%, the highest total color difference of 27.58, and the highest antioxidant activity of 93.6% were obtained with 1 vol% of green tea extract loaded chitosan/sodium caseinate films. The lowest water swelling degree of 51.22% and the highest tensile strength of 11.35 MPa were obtained with 1 wt% boron nitride-loaded chitosan/sodium caseinate films. The incorporation of boron nitride increased the antimicrobial effect, while the green tea extract additive increased the degradation rate in soil.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-07052-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}