Medical Science Monitor最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Sizhe Gao, Xianyun Wang, Zhuoheng Xia, Huicong Zhang, Jun Yu, Fan Yang","doi":"10.12659/MSM.946676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.946676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in digital and precision medicine have fostered the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including machine learning, artificial neural networks (ANN), and deep learning, within the field of dentistry, particularly in imaging diagnosis and treatment. This review examines the progress of AI across various domains of dentistry, focusing on its role in enhancing diagnostics and optimizing treatment for oral diseases such as endodontic disease, periodontal disease, oral implantology, orthodontics, prosthodontic treatment, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Additionally, it discusses the emerging opportunities and challenges associated with these technologies. The findings indicate that AI can be effectively utilized in numerous aspects of oral healthcare, including prevention, early screening, accurate diagnosis, treatment plan design assistance, treatment execution, follow-up monitoring, and prognosis assessment. However, notable challenges persist, including issues related to inaccurate data annotation, limited capability for fine-grained feature expression, a lack of universally applicable models, potential biases in learning algorithms, and legal risks pertaining to medical malpractice and data privacy breaches. Looking forward, future research is expected to concentrate on overcoming these challenges to enhance the accuracy and applicability of AI in diagnosing and treating oral diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in dentistry and to identify pathways for its effective integration into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e946676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies Supporting the Role of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Treatment of Tendon Disorders.","authors":"Shengyu Luo, Shilin Huang, Sen Li","doi":"10.12659/MSM.945743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.945743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tendon disorders are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions, accounting for 30% to 50% of all sports-related injuries. Injured tendons heal slowly and often fail to regain their original structural integrity and mechanical strength, creating significant challenges for physicians. Recently, investigations have reported that polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) plays a key role in promoting tendon healing. For example, preclinical studies indicate that PDRN can enhance tendon repair by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis while promoting collagen production. In clinical studies, the effectiveness and safety of PDRN were also confirmed for managing several conditions, including plantar fasciitis, epicondylitis, Achilles tendinopathy, pes anserine tendinopathy, and chronic rotator cuff disease. In light of these findings, this article aims to review the preclinical and clinical studies that support the role of PDRN in the treatment of tendon disorders. A search was conducted in Medline and PubMed from January 1994 to October 2024 to find relevant research. Ultimately, the review included 3 preclinical studies and 8 clinical studies, involving a total of 318 patients. In conclusion, PDRN is a promising therapeutic option for treating tendon disorders. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to better understand its effects on tendon disorders and to support future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e945743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Invariance of Self-Regulated Learning Perception Scale in Medical Students.","authors":"Bilge Delibalta, Yıldız Yıldırım, Gülşen Taşdelen Teker","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.947686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND Measurement invariance analysis is a critical step in evaluating the structural validity of measurement instruments, ensuring that a scale measures its intended constructs equally across different subgroups. Such analyses are essential before making subgroup comparisons. This study investigated the measurement invariance of the Self-Regulated Learning Perception Scale (SRLPS), a tool designed to assess self-regulated learning levels among medical students. The SRLPS consists of 4 categories: motivation and action to learning, planning and goal setting, strategies for learning and assessment, and lack of self-directedness. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 878 medical students spanning the first to final years. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was employed to assess measurement invariance across genders and years of medical education, categorized as preclinical and clinical years. Invariance was evaluated by comparing model fit indices across successive stages of invariance testing. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that the SRLPS achieved full measurement invariance in both sexes, confirming its suitability for valid comparisons between male and female medical students, with ΔCFI ≤0.01. For year of medical education, configural invariance was established, indicating that the 4-factor structure of the SRLPS is consistent across preclinical and clinical students. However, only partial metric invariance was achieved, suggesting that factor loadings for some items differ between preclinical and clinical groups. CONCLUSIONS The measurement invariance should be evaluated before using a scale for subgroup comparison. The SRLPS can be used to make valid comparisons between male and female medical students, but cannot be used for comparison between preclinical and clinical year students.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet Index and Risk of In-Hospital Mortality in 793 Adult Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Makbule Ozlem Akbay, Dilek Ernam, Lale Sertcelik, Fatma Ozbaki","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.947098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory condition of the airways, recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) significantly worsen clinical outcomes and often result in hospitalization, which is linked to increased mortality and a substantial socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet (HALP) index in predicting the risk of in-hospital mortality in adult patients hospitalized for AECOPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 793 patients (mean±SD age: 71.5±10.2 years, range 23.8-98.4 years, 69.1% males) hospitalized with AECOPD were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory findings on the day of hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) stay (on initial admission or over the course of hospitalization), and in-hospital mortality rates were recorded. The factors predicting in-hospital mortality risk were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the performance of HALP score in identifying patients at risk of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of lower HALP scores (OR 0.758, 95% CI: 0.586 to 0.980, P=0.034) with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. ROC curve analysis revealed the HALP score to identify patients at risk of in-hospital mortality at a cut-off value of <16.84 (area under curve [AUC]: 0.678, 95% CI: 0.615-0.742, P<0.001) with a sensitivity of 69.1%, specificity of 60.4%, and a NPV of 96.3%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the HALP score (at a cut-off value of <16.84) can identify AECOPD patients at high risk of in-hospital mortality, emphasizing its potential use as a simple immune-nutritional prognostic biomarker in assisting accurate prognostic assessment and timely adjustment of treatment options in at-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Intraoral Autogenous Bone Graft Volumes Linked to Sex and Tooth Condition.","authors":"Mehmet Emin Dogan, Ilhan Şengül, Mehmet Emrah Polat","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.947602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate preoperative donor site graft volume according to sex, donor site, and tooth impaction in 100 patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Using CBCT images, the graft volume that could be taken from the donor site was measured according to the presence of impacted third molars and tooth deficiency. Ramus, symphysis, and tuber regions, which are the areas from which intra-oral grafts can be taken, were left a safe distance from the right and left anatomical formations and tooth roots. The relevant area was marked semi-automatically and volume calculation was made with the IRYS 15.1 software program. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in the analysis. RESULTS This study included 51 (51%) males and 49 (49%) females, for a total of 100 individuals, with an mean age of 37.06±14.29. Maximum potential graft volume was highest at the right symphysis and lowest at the right maxillary tuber. A significant difference was found between regional intra-oral graft volumes (p<0.05). When the presence and absence of impacted third molars were compared, a significant difference was observed in regional graft volumes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS More autogenous grafts can be obtained from the symphysis region in males than in females. Pre-measurement of donor site intra-oral graft volume prevents unnecessary surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Strategies for Managing Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Aneta Michalczewska, Urszula Ambroziak, Piotr Skrzypczyk","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947277","DOIUrl":"10.12659/MSM.947277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that are an important cause of secondary hypertension. The most frequently reported symptom is persistent hypertension, exceeding paroxysmal hypertension. In children with elevated blood pressure, secondary hypertension should always be considered and investigated. These tumors exhibit a wide variety of clinical presentations, including syndromic presentations and life-threatening hypertensive crises. Recent advancements in genetic analysis have identified a growing number of pathogenic mutations. In the pediatric population, 70-80% of tumors exhibit germline mutations in known genes, predisposing children to metastatic and multifocal disease. The diagnosis and treatment remain challenging and often require a multidisciplinary approach at a highly specialized center. Plasma-free metanephrines measurement is considered the criterion standard for diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and reliable pediatric reference values. Functional imaging is helpful for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma due to its high sensitivity and specificity, and it plays a crucial role in assessing regional extension, multifocality, and the presence of metastases, which are more frequently reported in children. Following definitive diagnosis and appropriate perioperative management, surgery remains the primary treatment. Genetic testing and counseling should be considered in all pediatric patients with confirmed pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Evidence and clinical trials in children are limited; therefore, the present report aims to review the presentation, associations, diagnosis, and management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Knowledge and Attitudes of Women in Abbottabad, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Sanaa Anjum, Warda Khan, Atif Ali, Hira Khan, Zhongkun Zhang, Naji Alqahtani, Sana Samreen","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947608","DOIUrl":"10.12659/MSM.947608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a significant health issue in Pakistan, leading to higher mortality rates compared to other countries. Therefore, this questionnaire-based study aimed to assess knowledge, awareness, and beliefs about BC in 300 women in Abbottabad, Pakistan, between January and April 2019. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy adult female residents of Abbottabad between January and April 2019 using structured, pre-validated questionnaires. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire was divided into 3 sections with 17 items, including demographic information, knowledge about BC, and beliefs about BC. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 25. A total of 300 women responded to the study invitation. RESULTS Of 300 respondents, 87.3% (n=262) were aware of BC. Among them, only 37 (14.1%) had good knowledge, 90 (34.4%) had average knowledge, and 135 (51.5%) had poor knowledge about BC. The majority of respondents exhibited positive beliefs (74%). Knowledge was significantly higher among single (6.77±2.87) and widowed (6.00±3.65) women compared to married women (p=0.001). Similarly, knowledge and beliefs about BC were higher among women with higher education (6.79±2.93; p=0.001; 6.76±2.12; p=0.025) compared to those with lower education. Women living in urban areas had greater knowledge (5.89±2.75) than those in rural areas (4.58±2.78), suggesting a significant difference. A weak positive correlation between knowledge and beliefs (r=0.336, p=0.001) was identified. CONCLUSIONS Study participants had low knowledge about BC but generally positive beliefs, highlighting the need for targeted education and awareness programs to improve knowledge about BC among women in Abbottabad.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Sex with Survival and Adverse Events in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Single-Center Experience in Türkiye.","authors":"Melike Yüksel Yavuz, Filiz Karapinar, Ceyda Anar, Mehdi Ok, Sema Ertürk, Mine Gayaf, Fatma Demirci Üçsular, Gülru Polat","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947817","DOIUrl":"10.12659/MSM.947817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND In this study conducted in a single center in Türkiye, we aimed to investigate the effect of sex differences on survival and treatment adverse effects in 100 patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. All 100 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma admitted to the Pulmonary and Medical Oncology Department of a Training and Research Hospital between January 2018 and March 2024 were evaluated. Demographic data, cancer characteristics, overall survival, and adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors were investigated in the male and female patient groups. Patients were treated with nivolumab and atezolizumab as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). RESULTS This study included 100 patients, with 88 (88%) men and 12 (12%) women. The average age of the patients was 64.3±8.5 years, 63% had adenocarcinoma, and 80.6% of all patients were stage 4. Although overall survival was significantly lower in women compared to men in univariate analysis (P=0.047), this difference disappeared in multivariate analysis (P=0.168). Adverse effects were observed in 91% of the patients. Pleural effusion (P=0.040), hypothyroidism (P=0.003), and rash (P<0.001) were more common in women, whereas tiredness (P=0.804), pneumonitis (P=0.097), and hyperthyroidism (P=0.507) were not significantly different according to sex. The average follow-up period was 33.8±22.6 months, and 25% of patients died. CONCLUSIONS The association of sex differences with adverse effects and survival in patients with NSCLC receiving ICI treatment is not fully understood. Further studies are needed to support this area of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Rapid Testing for the Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus is Urgently Required as Infections in Poultry and Dairy Cows are on the Rise, and so is Transmission to Humans.","authors":"Dinah V Parums","doi":"10.12659/MSM.949109","DOIUrl":"10.12659/MSM.949109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there have been no identified cases of human-to-human transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. However, there is increasing concern that infections in poultry and cattle with transmission to humans are growing due to inadequate control measures. In March 2025, the Deputy Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) issued a directive with concerns about infection control in poultry and dairy cows. In January 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) published data on the cumulative number of reported and confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) in 24 countries, including 964 cases with 466 deaths, which gives a mortality rate of 48%. Therefore, potential mortality from human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) exceeds that of infection with SARS-CoV-2, which caused the COVID-19 pandemic, where mortality rates were between 10-20% before vaccines were available. Improved measures are required for surveillance, prevention, and control of avian influenza A(H5N1), which depends on accurate and rapid viral testing. This editorial presents the current status of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus transmission to humans and why rapid viral testing is urgently required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e949109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Children with Malignancy.","authors":"Małgorzata Mitur-Lesiuk, Maciej Dubaj, Mateusz Raniewicz, Karol Bigosiński, Aleksandra Dembowska-Kupień","doi":"10.12659/MSM.947393","DOIUrl":"10.12659/MSM.947393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) is a set of symptoms and signs that can accompany the formation of a cancer but is not due to its direct infiltration or metastasis. PNS results from the secretion of peptides or hormones by tumor cells or from an immunological cross-reaction between the tumor antigens and host antigens. In the adult population, PNS affects up to 15% of patients with cancer, but data on pediatric patients remain lacking. The remarkable fact is that PNS can precede an oncology diagnosis, even by months or years. PNS can involve virtually any organ of the human body. In children, the most commonly involved are the nervous system (encephalitis, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome), skin (pemphigus, alopecia areata, pruritic skin, pyoderma gangrenosum, skin nevi), rheumatologic (dermatomyositis, vasculitis), liver (atrophic biliary syndrome, idiopathic cholestasis), endocrine system (hypercalcemia, syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone), kidney (nephrotic syndrome), or hematopoietic system (hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, thrombotic macroangiopathy, leukomoid reaction). PNS can accompany all childhood cancers, but is most common in Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and sarcoma. Diagnosis of PNS should begin as early as the suspicion of its unusual course, lack of response to standard treatment, or prolonged duration. Diagnosis should include typical disease-specific tests and simultaneous imaging of the head and neck, abdomen, and pelvis, as well as a bone marrow biopsy to look for malignancy. PNS treatment mainly includes anti-tumor therapy and sometimes additional immunosuppressive therapy. This article aims to review PNS in children with malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48888,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Monitor","volume":"31 ","pages":"e947393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}