Annals of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Fast Food, Health Impacts, and Policy Responses in China and India.","authors":"Andrew Williams","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5264","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> In China and India, the fast-food industry has rapidly expanded in the past three decades, alongside rising rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Both governments have implemented policy responses addressing fast-food-related health risks. <i>Objectives:</i> (1) Synthesize research on fast food's health impacts in China and India to assess the existing evidence base and compare reported health outcomes. (2) Compare the structure, scope, and effectiveness of policy responses in the two countries. <i>Methods:</i> A narrative review of peer-reviewed studies since 2010 was conducted. Studies were selected based on relevance to fast-food-related health outcomes and policy responses in China and India. In total, 52 peer-reviewed studies were selected. Grey literature was also used to document recent policy developments. <i>Results:</i> Health outcomes: China's evidence base includes longitudinal and quasi-causal studies, whereas India relies largely on large population analyses and school-based studies. In China, studies link fast-food exposure to childhood and adult obesity, cardiometabolic risks, and acute health outcomes. In India, studies report similar associations, including hypertension and diabetes. Marginalized groups, including migrant workers and pregnant women, are particularly vulnerable, reinforcing health inequities. Policy effectiveness: National policies in both countries prioritize education over binding regulation. Their effectiveness against fast-food consumption and diet-related NCDs is largely limited and, especially in India, under-researched. Regulations on fast-food sales, advertising, and mandatory front-of-package nutrition labels are either absent or face significant implementation challenges. China's centralized framework, Healthy China 2030, contrasts with India's more fragmented approach, which features multiple frameworks and some regulatory measures beyond education. Binding subnational interventions, including zoning laws and health taxes, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing fast-food consumption. <i>Conclusions:</i> Educational policies alone are insufficient to curb the growing health impacts of fast-food consumption. Stronger, enforceable national regulations are needed to reshape food environments and reduce the growing burden of fast-food-related NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Impact of Community-Based Antenatal Care Models on Prevention and Early Detection of Obstetric Complications: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Oladiran Isdaiah Olagunju, Alangs Manasseh Stephen, Victoria Eleba Wokoma, Ibiang Okama Eko, Adegbite Khadijat Bolaji","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5356","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstetric complications remain a leading cause of preventable maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Persistent barriers to facility-based antenatal care (ANC), including geographic remoteness, transportation costs, socio-cultural norms, and fragmented health systems, have prompted the large-scale expansion of community-based ANC models designed to bring preventive and early-detection services directly to underserved populations. This systematic review evaluated the impact of community-based ANC models on the prevention and early detection of obstetric complications in LMICs, compared maternal and neonatal outcomes with conventional facility-based care, and identified critical implementation gaps. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Seven electronic databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, WHO IRIS, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Studies were screened against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 40 studies that met these criteria were included. Data were synthesised both narratively and quantitatively. The study concluded that 40 included studies (77.5%) reported significant improvements in preventive maternal health practices, including anaemia screening, blood pressure monitoring, and birth preparedness, attributable to community-based interventions. Early ANC initiation improved in 82.5% of studies, with referral compliance increasing by 18%-38% in community-supported models. Neonatal mortality reductions of 15%-24% were documented in participatory women's group interventions. However, 65% of studies identified implementation challenges, including weak referral systems, inadequate community health worker (CHW) supervision, supply chain inconsistencies, and entrenched socio-cultural barriers. Community-based ANC models greatly improve prevention and early detection of obstetric complications, especially in rural and resource-limited areas. Their effectiveness is maximised when they are organisationally integrated with primary healthcare systems, supported by strong referral connections, and tailored to local contexts. Expanding these models requires ongoing investment in the workforce, training, and coordination mechanisms for community facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Pesticides and their Mixtures Tested for Genotoxicity in the Micronucleus Assays on Intestinal Caco-2 Cells.","authors":"Francesca Truzzi, Eva Tibaldi, Roberta Noferini, Daria Sgargi, Simona Panzacchi, Gizem Nardali, Antonello Lorenzini, Silvia Dilloo, Eros D'Amen, Federica Gnudi, Giovanni Dinelli, Paul T J Scheepers, Daniele Mandrioli","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5345","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Widespread exposure to multiple pesticides might potentially represent a genotoxic risk to humans. However, the effects of these mixtures are largely unknown. Genotoxicity is a key characteristic of carcinogens, and its assessment represents an important component of the safety assessment of pesticides. <i>Methods:</i> In the present study, an <i>in vitro</i> micronucleus test on intestinal Caco-2 human cells was performed according to OECD TG 487. Ten pesticides were tested (dose range 0-100 mg L^-1) either individually or as mixtures. <i>Objectives:</i> Assessing the genotoxicity of 10 commonly used pesticides and their mixtures. <i>Findings:</i> Significant dose-related increases in micronuclei were observed following exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin, tebuconazole, glyphosate, deltamethrin, fluopyram, and the synergist piperonyl butoxide. Significant increases in micronuclei were also observed at different doses for cypermethrin, acetamiprid, and cyprodinil; however, these increases were not dose dependent. Imazalil genotoxicity could not be analyzed due to the confounding effect of high cytotoxicity even at low doses. Results show that the co-formulant piperonyl butoxide was genotoxic to human cell lines at all tested doses. Moreover, glyphosate, acetamiprid, and fluopyram showed genotoxic effects at concentrations of 0.01-1.0 mg L^-1. Although previously reported to be not genotoxic, cyprodinil and deltamethrin were observed to be genotoxic to Caco-2 cells. A combination of three prioritized pesticides (acetamiprid, glyphosate, tebuconazole) showed genotoxic effects even at the lowest dose. A combination of eight prioritized pesticides showed genotoxicity at the highest dose. No synergistic interactions in micronuclei formation were evident in either the mixture of three or eight prioritized pesticides. <i>Conclusions:</i> This study provides important information on the genotoxicity of different widely used pesticides and confirms the validity of a component-based approach in the genotoxicity assessment of pesticide mixtures. This study was performed as part of the EU SPRINT (Sustainable Plant Protection Transition: A Global Health Approach) project.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From <i>Rerum Novarum</i> to <i>Magnifica Humanitas</i>: Catholic Social Doctrine and Decent Work.","authors":"Raimondo Leone, Paolo Nicosia, Eugenio Cunego, Walter Ricciardi","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5366","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Catholic Church has developed a rich body of social teaching addressing the dignity of work and the protection of workers' health since the late nineteenth century. This article examines the trajectory of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) from Pope Leo XIII's encyclical <i>Rerum Novarum</i> (1891) to Pope Leo XIV's recent magisterium, including the apostolic exhortation <i>Dilexi Te</i> (2025) and the encyclical <i>Magnifica Humanitas</i> (2026) on safeguarding the human person in the time of artificial intelligence, with a particular focus on the concept of decent work as articulated by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its intersection with Occupational Medicine (OM). The analysis highlights that Catholic social thought has consistently advocated for working conditions that safeguard the physical, mental, and social well-being of workers, anticipating many principles later codified in international labor standards. It further contends that <i>Magnifica Humanitas</i> extends this tradition to the challenges posed by digital technology and artificial intelligence to the dignity of work. The article argues that the convergence between CST and modern occupational health frameworks provides a compelling ethical foundation for advancing decent work and Occupational Health Services (OHS) worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Diagnostic Delays in Indonesian Primary Care Pathways.","authors":"Suherman Jaksa, Muhammad Fachri, Risky Akaputra, Nurmalia Lusida, Irna Hasanah, Raghib Filhaq","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5369","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Timely tuberculosis diagnosis is essential for reducing transmission, preventable morbidity, and inequitable losses across the care cascade. In Indonesia, primary health centres are central to screening and diagnostic coordination, but delays may still occur after individuals with presumptive tuberculosis enter formal care. <i>Objective:</i> To quantify post-registration diagnostic delay among people with presumptive tuberculosis in Indonesian primary care and identify demographic, clinical, and referral-pathway factors associated with delayed results, tuberculosis diagnosis, and treatment initiation. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a facility-based, register-based observational study using national presumptive tuberculosis register data from a primary health centre in Tasikmalaya City, West Java, Indonesia, covering 1 January to 31 December 2025. Diagnostic delay was defined as the interval from presumptive tuberculosis registration to the first recorded diagnostic result. Negative binomial regression estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios for delay, and logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios for prolonged delay, final diagnosis, and treatment initiation. <i>Findings:</i> Among 503 presumptive tuberculosis episodes, 486 had complete delay data. Median diagnostic delay was 4 days (interquartile range, 1-11 days). Delays longer than 14 and 30 days occurred in 94 episodes (19.3%) and 37 episodes (7.6%), respectively. Longer delay was associated with age 65 years or older (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12-1.90), extrapulmonary disease (1.58; 95% CI, 1.21-2.07), and referral from another health facility (1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.82). Overall, 176 presumptive episodes (35.0%) resulted in a tuberculosis diagnosis; 158 diagnosed patients (89.8%) had documented treatment initiation. <i>Conclusions:</i> Although most diagnostic results were recorded rapidly after registration, delays were concentrated among older adults, people with extrapulmonary disease, and referred patients. Strengthening register-based tracking, referral feedback, and escalation pathways for extrapulmonary tuberculosis may improve equitable continuity across primary care tuberculosis services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>\"I Would Have to Hold Him and Pin Him Down\"</i>: Caregiver Experiences of Administering Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment to Children in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Boitumelo Seepamore, Nirupa Misra, Brittney J van de Water, Jennifer Furin, Shriya Misra","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5233","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The lack of child-friendly, second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) medication in South Africa often leads to the use of adult formulations, which are not always suitable for children. Caregiver experiences in preparing and administering this treatment and the impact on parent-child relationships are poorly represented in the literature. <i>Objective(s):</i> To assess parental acceptability regarding the preparation and administration of DR-TB medications for young children, utilizing Wademan's acceptability framework. <i>Methods:</i> Seven caregivers of eight children who had been diagnosed with DR-TB between June 2019 and February 2022 and initiated treatment at a referral hospital in KwaZulu-Natal participated in the study. Individual in-depth interviews with three caregivers and one focus group discussion with four caregivers were used to gather data, which were analyzed using part of the acceptability framework for TB in children developed by Wademan et al. [1]. <i>Findings:</i> Despite challenges, caregivers were adept at navigating DR-TB medication regimens, highlighting their critical role in inventive preparation methods to enhance palatability and strategic administration practices for children. Adult medications were adapted where necessary, and caregivers employed various techniques to ensure adherence. The acceptability of treatment was affected by medication palatability, preparation and administration, appeal and side effects (usability), and the interface between caregivers and the healthcare system (integration). Staying engaged in care threatened not only family resources but also the parent-child relationship. The daily struggle was between children often resisting medication and caregivers needing to find ways for the children to take medication, for instance, by begging, reasoning with, threatening, and forcing them. <i>Conclusions:</i> Despite all formulations having adverse effects, caregivers and children preferred child-friendly formulations due to their ease of preparation and administration. Child-friendly formulations of DR-TB medications should be widely available and be the standard of care in all settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a WASH Package Within Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV Programming in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Program Evaluation.","authors":"Hillary M Topazian, Skyler Noble, Innocent Mofolo, Gertrude Mwale, Twambilie Phanga, Irving F Hoffman, Michael E Herce","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5322","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Access to safe drinking water is a considerable problem in Malawi. Contaminated water plays a major role in diarrheal disease, particularly for people living with HIV and their families. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions can reduce the risk of diarrhea among children by up to 50%. However, few published reports describe WASH integration in routine HIV care programming in Africa. <i>Objective:</i> To evaluate a WASH program integrated within the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV (PVTH) care in Lilongwe, Malawi. <i>Methods:</i> The University of North Carolina's Project Malawi, the Proctor & Gamble Company (P&G), and the Malawi Ministry of Health implemented a safe drinking water program from 2008 to 2023, integrated within the national PVTH program in Lilongwe, Malawi. We provided a point-of-use WASH package to pregnant and breastfeeding women (PBFW) with HIV and their families that included soap, sieves, closed-water containers, and P&G water purification packets. We examine program impact by describing trends in childhood diarrhea and retention in care at 33 program facilities and 29 non-program facilities from 2018 to 2022. <i>Findings:</i> Over the program's final 5 years, an estimated 2 million water purification packets were distributed annually. From 2018 to 2022 in program facilities, non-bloody diarrhea rates among children under 5 years remained constant, while bloody-diarrhea rates fell at both program and non-program facilities. A small association was found between facility participation in the program and retention in care among PBFW living with HIV (incidence rate ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.12), but of borderline statistical significance. <i>Conclusions:</i> In an environment where access to clean water is not assured, we demonstrated the feasibility of delivering a WASH package in HIV care settings over 15 consecutive years. The collaboration between government, academic, and industry partners provides an example for how to integrate WASH within PVTH programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus Conference Series on Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease (DBCD) in Latin America: The Chilean Transculturalization.","authors":"Ramfis Nieto-Martinez, Carlos Grekin, Diana De Oliveira-Gomes, Juan P Gonzalez-Rivas, Sandra Lopez-Arana, Jeffrey I Mechanick","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5370","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> The MEchanick Transculturalization Research and Innovation ConSortium/Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program Consensus Conference on Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease (DBCD) Transculturalization in Chile convened on November 20, 2023, in Santiago, Chile. The conference generated affirmed and emergent concepts, key strategies, and specific implementation tactics to improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) care in Chile. <i>Findings:</i> Important affirmed concepts included: (1) implementing a comprehensive approach to T2D management beyond glycemic control; (2) addressing unique challenges for early detection and treatment of T2D; and (3) applying expanded roles of telemedicine. Important emergent concepts included: (1) adopting transculturalized chronic care models such as DBCD; (2) recognizing prediabetes as a critical DBCD target to prevent T2D and T2D complications, especially cardiovascular disease; and (3) implementation of the DBCD model for individual and population health. Key strategies included: (1) validation of culturally adapted T2D risk assessment tools; (2) integration of social determinants of health (SDOH) and ethnocultural factors into DBCD care strategies/tactics; and (3) promotion of equity in healthcare access for all people comprising diverse populations. Finally, specific implementation tactics included: (1) focusing on patient-centered public policies; (2) ensuring access to effective treatments; and (3) using culturally relevant resources for education and prevention. When coordinated, these strategies and tactics mitigate DBCD progression, thereby enhancing healthcare outcomes. <i>Conclusions and recommendations:</i> Expert consensus emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to T2D management in Chile, leveraging transculturalized lifestyle medicine, validated risk assessment tools, SDOH, and patient-centered public policies. This process should begin with incorporating eHealth technologies, validation studies, and then translation into clinical practice guidelines. As this templated methodology is applied to other regions of the world, the resulting compendium of concepts, strategies, and tactics can foment a more effective preventive health culture and optimize DBCD care across the ethnocultural spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Women's Global Health Leadership: Lessons from a Tripartite Model.","authors":"Kamla Ross McGregor, Erica Di Ruggiero, Maylene Shung-King, Faith Yego","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5285","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Women in the Global South remain underrepresented in high-level leadership positions in global health. Three academic institutions developed the Women in Global Health Leadership Fellowship (WGHLF) to build and strengthen the capacity of emerging women leaders in global health in Kenya and South Africa. <i>Objective:</i> The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the program met its intended outcomes in its first two years of operation. <i>Methods:</i> Twenty-eight participants (12 in 2024 and 16 in 2025) were evaluated. Participants included early- to mid-career women working in health policy, practice, and academia. We analyzed pre- and post-assessment data, mid-year surveys, and focus group responses. <i>Results:</i> Participants reported considerable knowledge and skill gains in global health policy, gender equity, leadership, and mentorship as well as increased confidence in their ability to succeed in higher-level leadership roles. Participants also noted an increased ability to lead gender equity projects at their workplace. Reported program strengths include high participant engagement, collaborative teaching approaches, growth in participant self-awareness, and the practical application of knowledge through their required leadership projects. <i>Conclusions:</i> The WGHLF improved participants' confidence in advancing gender equity practices in local, regional, and global health. This type of fellowship training, offered in partnership between institutions in the Global North and Global South, can serve as a collaborative model for others seeking ways to help qualified women prepare for higher-level leadership positions, which are crucially needed to advance gender equity and local health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Variability, Communal Violence, and Population Health in Africa's Arc of Instability: A Scoping Review of Evidence and Gaps.","authors":"Daniel Chigudu","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5352","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Africa's arc of instability - a band of countries stretching from Mauritania through the Sahel to the Horn of Africa - experiences a convergence of climate variability, communal violence, and fragile health systems. Evidence on their joint operation remains fragmented across disciplines, limiting policy-relevant synthesis. <i>Objectives:</i> This scoping review maps the published and grey literature on the joint operation of climate variability, communal violence, and population health in the arc of instability between January 2010 and March 2025; it identifies dominant pathways, populations, and methods, and articulates research gaps. <i>Methods:</i> Following Arksey and O'Malley's framework with Levac et al.'s refinements and reporting against the PRISMA-ScR checklist, five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Africa Wide Information) and grey literature from UN agencies, humanitarian organisations, and conflict and vulnerability databases were searched. Studies addressing at least two of the three domains in the arc, published in English or French, were included and synthesised narratively. <i>Findings:</i> Of 1623 records screened, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four dominant pathways were identified: (i) resource scarcity, communal violence, displacement, and infectious disease; (ii) drought, food insecurity, and child malnutrition and mortality; (iii) heat extremes, weather events, mental health, and service disruption; and (iv) state fragility, health-system disruption, and maternal and child health deterioration. Pastoralist communities, internally displaced persons, women, and children were the most affected populations. Gaps include scarce longitudinal data, limited mental health surveillance in conflict zones, and under-representation of locally-led research among others. <i>Conclusions:</i> Evidence on the joint operation of climate variability, communal violence, and health in the arc of instability is accruing but remains thin, descriptive, and geographically uneven. A locally-led, transdisciplinary research agenda is needed to inform climate-resilient health systems and humanitarian responses, prioritising primary data collection, mental health surveillance, and longitudinal cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}