Annals of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Decolonizing Global Health: Increasing Capacity of Community Health Worker Programs","authors":"Pamela Avila","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4325","url":null,"abstract":"Many global health volunteer experiences and research projects are focused on the needs of the host country participants, which perpetuates a sovereign or superior relationship towards low- or middle-income countries (LMIC). The purpose of this paper is to discuss ethical and culturally sensitive practices in LMIC when providing health care as a volunteer or researcher. International ethical standards for providing global health care are discussed. The author participated in a volunteer global health experience for three months in Kenya. An evaluation of a nongovernmental organization (NGO)-sponsored community health worker (CHW) program was conducted and is presented here. Health indicators such as prenatal care visits, birth attendance by skilled personnel, and full vaccination of children improved by 34%, 36%, and 24%, respectively, following 5 years of implementation of the CHW program. Global health care can be provided in a more socially responsible and sustainable manner by supporting NGO-sponsored CHW programs affiliated with local ministries of health in LMICs.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"47 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-communicable Diseases Week: Best Practices in Addressing the NCDs Burden from Tanzania.","authors":"Belinda J Njiro, Jackline E Ngowi, Harrieth P Ndumwa, Davis Amani, Castory Munishi, Doreen Mloka, Emmanuel Balandya, Paschal Rugajo, Anna T Kessy, Omary Ubuguyu, Bakari Salum, Appolinary Kamuhabwa, Kaushik Ramaiya, Bruno F Sunguya, Erick A Mboya, Amani I Kikula, Emilia Kitambala, James Kiologwe, James T Kengia, Ntuli Kapologwe","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4116","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Five million people die every year from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. In Tanzania, more than two-thirds of deaths are NCD-related. The country is investing in preventive and advocacy activities as well as interventions to reduce the burden. Of particular interest, the Ministry of Health (MoH) commemorates NCDs' week using a multisectoral and multi-stakeholders' approach. This paper highlights activities conducted during NCDs week with the aim of sharing lessons for other countries with similar context and burdens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough review of official reports and the national strategic plans for NCDs was done including the 2020 and 2021 National NCDs' week reports, the National Strategic Plan for NCDs 2015-2020, and the National NCDs agenda.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>NCDs week is commemorated annually throughout the country involving the five key activities. First, community awareness and participation are encouraged through media engagement and community-based preventive and advocacy activities. Second, physical activities and sports festivals are implemented with a focus on developing and renovating infrastructures for sports and recreation. Third, health education is provided in schools to promote healthy behaviors for secondary school adolescents in transition to adulthood. Fourth, health service provision and exhibitions are conducted involving screening for hypertension, diabetes, obesity, alcohol use, and physical activities. The targeted screening of NCDs identified 10% of individuals with at least one NCD in 2020. In 2021, a third of all screened individuals were newly diagnosed with hypertension, and 3% were found to have raised blood glucose levels. Fifth, the national NCDs scientific conferences conducted within the NCDs week provide an avenue for stakeholders to discuss scientific evidence related to NCDs and recommend strategies to mitigate NCDs burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The initiation of NCDs week has been a cornerstone in advocating for NCDs control and prevention in the country. It has created awareness on NCDs, encourage healthy lifestyles and regular screening for NCDs. The multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral approaches have made the implementation of the mentioned activities feasible and impactful. This has set an example for the united efforts toward NCD control and prevention at national, regional, and global platforms while considering contextual factors during adoption and implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators to Risk Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertensive Patients in Nigeria.","authors":"Janet Adeola, Fiona Obiezu, Oluwakemi Odukoya, Ugonnaya Igwilo, Adewunmi Usinoma, Ehete Bahiru, Folasade P May","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4131","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the prevalence of hypertension is increasing due to many factors like rapid population growth, globalization, stress, and urbanization. We aimed to characterize the perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among individuals with hypertension living in Nigeria and identify barriers and facilitators to optimal hypertension management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a large teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. We used a convenient sample of males and females, aged 18 or older, with a diagnosis of hypertension who presented for outpatient visits in the cardiology, nephrology, or family medicine clinics between November 1 and 30, 2020. A semiquantitative approach was utilized with a survey consisting of closed and open-ended questionnaires focused on patient knowledge, perceptions of CVD risk, and barriers and facilitators of behavioral modifications to reduce CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 256 subjects, and 62% were female. The mean age was 58.3 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12.6). The mean duration of the hypertension diagnosis was 10.1 years. Most participants were quite knowledgeable about hypertension; however, we observed some knowledge gaps, including a belief that too much \"worrying or overthinking\" was a major cause of hypertension and that an absence of symptoms indicated that hypertension was under control. Barriers to hypertension management include age, discomfort or pain, and lack of time as barriers to exercise. Tasteless meals and having to cook for multiple household members were barriers to decreasing salt intake. Cost and difficulty obtaining medications were barriers to medication adherence. Primary facilitators were family support or encouragement and incorporating lifestyle modifications into daily routines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified knowledge gaps about hypertension and CVD among our study population. These gaps enable opportunities to develop targeted interventions by healthcare providers, healthcare systems, and local governments. Our findings also help in the promotion of community-based interventions that address barriers to hypertension control and promote community and family involvement in hypertension management in these settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138804953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Knowledge Translation for Non-Communicable Diseases: Stories from Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"N. Jessani, Peter Delobelle, B. Balugaba, T. Mpando, Firaol Mesfin Ayele, S. Ntawuyirushintege, Anke Rohwer","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4228","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) is a key strategy for contextualising, tailoring, and communicating research for policy and practice. In this viewpoint, we provide examples of how partners from five countries in sub-Saharan Africa used IKT to advance interventions for curbing non-communicable diseases in their contexts and how these strategies were magnified during the COVID-19 pandemic in some cases. The stories highlight the importance of deliberate and reinforced capacity building, authentic relationship enhancement, adaptable and user-informed stakeholder engagement, and agile multi-sectoral involvement.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haitian State Hospital Orthopedic Grand Rounds Series: A Virtual Curriculum to Address Global Surgery Needs","authors":"Lindsay Hock, Melissa Zahl, P. Woolley, Christina Barau Dejean, Christian A. Pean, Ronald Israelski","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orthopedic Relief Services International (ORSI), in partnership with the Foundation for Orthopedic Trauma and the department of Orthopedic Surgery of La Paix University Hospital in Haiti, has developed a year-round Orthopedic Grand Round series. This series is moderated by Haitian faculty, features presentations by American orthopedic surgeons, and is broadcast to major state hospitals in Haiti for residents and attendings. Objective: To introduce clinical concepts and increase knowledge in an area that is medically underserved, especially in the field of orthopedics, through lectures that tailor to the educational needs of Haiti. Methods: Topics for lecture series are requested by Haitian attending orthopedic surgeons and residents in collaboration with American orthopedic surgeons to meet the educational needs of the residents in Haiti. These lectures reflect the case mix typically seen at state hospitals in Haiti and consider the infrastructural capacity of participating centers. Grand rounds are held an average of twice per month for an hour each, encompassing an educational lesson followed by an open forum for questions and case discussion. Feedback is taken from Haitian residents to ensure the sessions are beneficial to their learning. Findings and Conclusions: To date 95 sessions hosted by 32 lecturers have been completed over Zoom between the US and Haiti. The fourth year of the lecture series is currently ongoing with an expansion of topics. In an underserved medical area such as Haiti, programs that educate local surgeons are crucial to continuing the growth and development of the medical community. Programs like this have the potential to contribute to the educational infrastructure of countries in need, regardless of the specialty. The model of this program can be used to produce similar curricula in various specialties and areas around the world.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"68 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Clean Delivery Kits Prevent Infections? Lessons from Traditional Birth Attendants in Nigeria","authors":"A. Arowosegbe, I. O. Dedeke, O. Shittu, David Ajiboye Ojo, Joy Stephen Amusan, Opeoluwa Iwaloye, Uwemedimo Friday Ekpo","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In resource-poor settings, perinatal infections contribute significantly to maternal and neonatal deaths, and the use of clean delivery kits (CDKs) has been proposed as a tool to reduce the risk of infection-related deaths. This study aims to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of CDKs in preventing infections in deliveries attended by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cluster-randomized trial with 67 birth centres/clusters, 453 births/mothers, and 457 babies randomized to intervention or control arms; intervention involved supplementation of delivery with JANMA CDKs. Interviews were conducted at the birth homes, and the primary outcomes were neonatal infection and puerperal fever. The association between infection and perinatal risk factors was tested using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: CDKs were well accepted by TBAs. The incidence of puerperal fever and neonatal infection was 1.1% and 11.2%, respectively. Concurrent infection was found in 1 (0.22%) of the mother-neonate pair. There was no significant association between any of the sociodemographic factors and infection for both mothers and neonates. PROM and prolonged labour were significantly associated with puerperal infection. All mothers with puerperal fever were from the control group. Compared to the control group, the relative risk of puerperal infection and neonatal infection in the intervention group was 0.08 (0.004 –1.35, p = 0.079) and 0.64 (0.37 to 1.1, p = 0.10), respectively. Conclusion: CDKs hold promising results in attenuating maternal infections in resource-poor settings. Larger studies with greater statistical power are required to establish statistically reliable information.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"23 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Health Insurance and Healthcare Seeking Behavior in Urban Ethiopia.","authors":"Zahra Zarepour, Anagaw Mebratie, Dessalegn Shamebo, Zemzem Shigute, Getnet Alemu, Arjun S Bedi","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4240","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4240","url":null,"abstract":"Background: After years of planning, in 2024 the government of Ethiopia proposes to introduce a compulsory Social Health Insurance (SHI) program for formal sector employees. The proposed scheme will provide access to contracted healthcare facilities at a premium of 3% of the gross monthly income of employees with another 3% coming from the employer. Objectives: Several studies have examined the willingness to pay (WTP) this premium, however, little is known about the healthcare seeking behavior (HSB) of formal sector employees. This paper investigates both – the determinants of healthcare seeking behavior and among other aspects, WTP the premium. Through these explorations, the paper sheds light on the potential challenges for implementation of SHI. Methods: Descriptive statistics, logit, and multinomial logit (MNL) models are used to analyze retrospective survey data (2,749 formal sector employees) which covers the major regions of the country. Findings: Regarding outpatient care, a majority of the visits (55.9%) were to private healthcare providers. In the case of inpatient care, it was the opposite with a majority of healthcare seekers visiting public sector hospitals (62.5%). A majority of the sample (67%) supported the introduction of SHI but only 24% were willing to pay the proposed SHI premium. The average WTP was 1.6% of gross monthly income. Respondents in the two richest income quintiles were more likely to oppose SHI and consider it unfair. Conclusion: The prominent role of the private sector and the resistance to SHI amongst the two richest income quintiles, suggests that the SHI program needs to actively include private healthcare facilities within its ambit. Additionally, concerted efforts at enhancing the quality of care available at public health facilities, both, in terms of perception and patient-centered care and addressing drug and equipment availability bottlenecks, are needed, if SHI is to garner wider support.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the Global Fight Against HIV/Aids: Strategies, Barriers, and the Road to Eradication.","authors":"Emmanuel Kumah, Dorothy Serwaa Boakye, Richard Boateng, Eunice Agyei","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4277","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4277","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS remains one of the most significant global health challenges, affecting millions of people worldwide. Since the inception of the disease, various global response strategies have been devised and implemented, aiming to mitigate its impact and ultimately eradicate it. While these strategies have yielded remarkable progress, there are still key barriers impeding the global fight against the disease. This paper, thus, delves into the key global response strategies employed in response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic since its inception, examines the impediments to their successful implementation, and outlines the trajectory towards a world without AIDS. To continue the momentum in the fight against HIV/AIDS, it is imperative to adopt a multifaceted approach that addresses the existing barriers. One pivotal aspect of this approach involves intensifying efforts to improve the uptake of HIV testing. Encouraging individuals to get tested is a critical step, as it not only aids in identifying more cases of HIV infection but also facilitates the linkage of those affected to appropriate care and support services.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadequate Access to Potable Water Impacts Early Childhood Development in Low-Income Areas in Cape Town, South Africa.","authors":"Caradee Y Wright, Thandi Kapwata, Caylee Cook, Steven J Howard, Hleliwe Makaula, Rebecca Merkley, Mbulelo Mshudulu, Nosibusiso Tshetu, Natasha Naidoo, Gaia Scerif, Catherine E Draper","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4281","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water and sanitation are vital to human health and well-being. While these factors have been studied in relation to health, very little has been done to consider such environmental risk factors with child development. Here, we investigated possible relations between household water access/storage and early childhood development in four low-income settlements in the City of Cape Town, Western Cape province of South Africa. Our objectives were 1) to determine water access/storage practices in dwellings of children; 2) to assess early childhood development; and 3) and to understand the relationship between water access/storage practices in relation to early childhood development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a questionnaire to assess household water risk factors and the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) tool to assess child early learning / cognitive, socio-emotional and motor development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of the children (N = 192) was 4 years and 55% were female. The mean IDELA score was 48% (range: 36-54%) where the higher the score, the better the child's development. Around 70% of households had a tap inside their dwelling and half said that they stored water with the largest percentage of storage containers (21%) being plastic/no lid. Child IDELA scores were lower for children living in households that did not have an indoor tap and for households who stored water.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the risks associated with climate change and the already poor conditions many children face regarding water and sanitation, research is needed to further investigate these relations to provide evidence to support appropriate interventions and ensure healthy child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging School Health Programs in Africa: Integrated Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease and Dental Caries.","authors":"Euridsse Sulemane Amade, Edna Lichucha, Zakir Ossman, Keila Jamal, Adjine Mastala, Lene Thorup, Carlos José Soares, Roland Aka N'Gueta, Ana Mocumbi","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4239","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and dental caries (DC) disproportionately affect children and young adults in sub-Saharan countries, with major impact on schoolchildren's health and education. DC in children with RHD constitutes an important risk for fatal complications. Our study aimed at assessing the feasibility of simultaneous RHD and DC screening in school environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>March 20-24, 2022, we performed an observational descriptive study of schoolchildren in a public school in Maputo City, Mozambique. RHD screening involved two stages: first, a physical examination (including cardiac auscultation and direct observation of the oral cavity), and second, an abbreviated echocardiography performed by a cardiologist. Rapid testing for group A <i>Streptococcus</i> (GAS) was done to every eighth child in the classroom and for those with signs suggesting recent infection, in accordance with the study protocol developed for screening. A multidisciplinary team collected the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 954 students (median age 9; range 6-15) were screened. One hundred and twenty-five participants were eligible for a rapid antigen test, of which 6 (4.8%) tested positive. On clinical evaluation 52 children (5.3%) presented a heart murmur. Echocardiography on 362 children showed borderline RHD in 35 children and definite RHD in 2 (0.6%); 1 child had a ventricular septal defect. Dental cavities were present in 444 (48.4%), despite 904 out of 917 students reporting brushing of their teeth once to three times daily (98.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>School-based integrated oral and cardiovascular screenings and use of rapid tests for GAS carriage provide crucial information to create customized preventive strategies for rheumatic fever (RF) and RHD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), in addition to detecting children at very high risk of bacterial endocarditis. The sustainability of such interventions and acceptability by health providers needs to be assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}