Annals of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Heart Failure Care Facilitators and Barriers in Rural Haiti: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Gene F Kwan, Elizabeth Basow, Benito D Isaac, Darius L Fenelon, Evyrna Toussaint, Dawson Calixte, Michel Ibrahim, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Alma Adler, Mary A Clisbee, Gene Bukhman","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations in Haiti. However, few patients return for outpatient care. The factors contributing to chronic HF care access are poorly understood. <i>Objective:</i> The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitators and barriers to accessing care for chronic HF from the patients' perspectives. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of 13 patients with HF participating in three group interviews and one individual interview. We recruited patients after discharge from a nongovernmental organization-supported academic hospital in rural Haiti. We employed thematic analysis using emergent coding and categorized themes using the socioecological model. <i>Findings:</i> Facilitators of chronic care included participants' knowledge about the importance of treatment for HF and engagement with health systems to manage symptoms. Social support networks helped participants access clinics. Participants reported low cost of care at this subsidized hospital, good medication accessibility, and trust in the healthcare system. Participants expressedstrong spiritual beliefs, with the view that the healthcare system is an extension of God's influence. Barriers to chronic care included misconceptions about the importance of adherence to medications when symptoms improve and remembering follow-up appointments. Unexpectedly, participants believed they should take their HF medications with food and that food insecurity resulted in missed doses. Lack of social support networks limited clinic access. The nonhealthcare costs associated with clinic visits were prohibitive for many participants. Participants expressed low satisfaction regarding the clinic experience. A barrier to healthcare was the belief that heart disease caused by mystical and supernatural spirits is incurable. <i>Conclusions:</i> We identified several facilitators and barriers to chronic HF care with meaningful implications for HF management in rural Haiti. Future interventions to improve chronic HF care should emphasize addressing misconceptions about HF management and fostering patient support systems for visit and medication adherence. Leveraging local spiritual beliefs may also promote care engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Critical Care in Resource-Limited Settings: An Unmet Need.","authors":"Varun U Shetty","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4506","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Care of the critically ill in resource-limited areas, inside or outside the intensive care unit (ICU), is indispensable. Murthy and Adhikari noted that about 70% of patients in low-middle income (LMIC) areas could benefit from good critical care. Many patients in resource-limited settings still die before getting to the hospital. Investing in capacity building by strengthening and expanding ICU capability and training intensivists, critical care nurses, respiratory therapists, and other ICU staff is essential, but this process will take years. Also, having advanced healthcare facilities that are still far from remote areas will not do much to alleviate distance and mode of transportation as barriers to achieving good critical care. This paper discusses the importance of mobile critical care units (MCCUs) in supporting and enhancing existing emergency medical systems. MCCUs will be crucial in addressing critical delays in transportation and time to receive appropriate lifesaving critical care in remote areas. They are incredibly versatile and could be used to transfer severely ill patients to a higher level of care from the field, safely transfer critically ill patients between hospitals, and, sometimes, almost more importantly, provide standalone short-term critical care in regions where ICUs might be absent or immediately inaccessible. MCCUs should not be used as a substitute for primary care or to bypass readily available services at local healthcare centers. It is essential to rethink the traditional paradigm of 'prehospital care' and 'hospital care' and focus on improving the care of critically ill patients from the field to the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of SADC Countries' National Adaptation Planning Health Impacts Inclusion: A Thorough Review.","authors":"Renate Meyer, Caradee Wright, Hanna-Andrea Rother","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4458","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The impacts of climate change are recognised as a key challenge of the 21st century. By 2030, Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to have the globally highest burden of disease due to climate change. <i>Objectives:</i> This study aims to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), a sub-region under-represented at a global level, in addressing current and future climate change-related health impacts. It specifically assesses the NAPs of Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. <i>Methods:</i> A thorough review was conducted, analysing articles, government reports, and national communications related to NAPs and climate change health outcomes in the selected countries. Sources were evaluated against pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. <i>Main findings:</i> All five countries prioritised health in their NAPs; however, health departments were excluded from assessments in two of the countries. Although health surveillance and early warning systems were included in the NAPs, there was limited evidence of their integration into broader climate, health, economic, and labour policies. National climate change focal points were identified, but governance and implementation at district and local levels were not well-documented. This review highlighted a need for greater inclusion of Indigenous and locally led knowledge. Common barriers identified included the lack of data with appropriate frequency and scale. Governance and implementation difficulties were also identified in all five countries; these difficulties included both a lack of coordination and a lack of institutional capacity. These challenges, especially a lack of political will to address the compound impacts of altered climate and health on all earth systems, are also found at the regional level. <i>Conclusions:</i> National strategies and implementation programs in SADC countries need to be agile in their ability to scale and adapt, yet they also need to include measurable actions and timeframes. Given the shared climate and health trends and the interconnected socio-economic, environmental, and political landscape, there is significant potential for regional coordination to address cross-border climate change impacts and to optimise resource use.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in Northern Egypt.","authors":"Mona Magdy, Adel Zaki, Sherif Omar Osman, Ekram W Abd El-Wahab, Asmaa Abd Elhameed","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4491","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Adherence to medications is a crucial factor in achieving the best therapeutic outcomes for patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Little is known about the rate and predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Egypt. <i>Objectives:</i> To assess the degree of adherence to ART among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Egypt and to explore the predictors of non-adherence. <i>Methods:</i> A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 on 785 PLWHA attending an ART clinic at the main fever hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. Data collection was done using an interviewing questionnaire and pharmacy database records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify the predictors of adherence to ART. <i>Results:</i> The overall adherence rate to ART among the study subjects was 66.7%. Female sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio [95% CI]: 1.73 [1.01-2.96]), intravenous drug use (AOR [95% CI]: 2.87 [1.27-6.49]), fair satisfaction with the health service at ART clinics (OR [95% CI]: 1.86 [1.27-2.73]) appeared as independent predictors of poor adherence. <i>Conclusion:</i> The degree of adherence to ART among PLWHA in Egypt is noticeably high, although it was influenced by several patient-, healthcare-, and community-related factors. This work provides an accurate, standardized tool to measure adherence and identify factors that contribute to non-adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there an Association between Dietary Micronutrients Intake and Bone Fractures among Malaysian Reproductive-Age Women? The PURE Malaysia Study.","authors":"Zaleha Md Isa, Nur Atiqah Mohd Ahwan, Noor Hassim Ismail, Rosnah Ismail, Azmi Mohd Tamil, Mohd Hasni Jaafar, Nafiza Mat-Nasir, Nik Munirah Nik Mohd Nasir, Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak, Khairul Hazdi Yusof","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4445","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Bone fractures represent a significant health issue and impose a considerable burden on healthcare systems globally. However, data pertaining to bone fractures, especially among reproductive-age women in Malaysia, are very limited. Micronutrients like calcium, magnesium and phosphorus play vital roles in bone health, influencing bone mineral density and fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bone fractures among reproductive-age women and the association with dietary micronutrient intakes. <i>Methods:</i> In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,730 participants of reproductive-age women from the Malaysia Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study were recruited. The participants' dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Selected micronutrients in the participants' diets were calculated using the Malaysian food composition and the US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. The association between micronutrient intakes, comorbidities and physical activity levels with bone fractures were evaluated to identify predictors of bone fractures among reproductive-age women. <i>Results:</i> The prevalence of bone fractures among Malaysian reproductive-age women was low (3.7%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that none of the micronutrients was associated with bone fractures. However, factors of diabetes and passive smoking in this study showed 2.6- and 4.0-times-higher odds of having bone fractures, respectively (AOR 2.580; 95% CI: 1.173-5.672) and (AOR 4.012; 95% CI: 2.265-7.107). <i>Conclusions:</i> It was found that the majority of women in this study were taking lower micronutrient intakes of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K than the Malaysia recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Although this study showed that a low micronutrient intake is not significantly associated with bone fractures, it is recommended that future studies focus on controlled trials or prospective data analyses to establish causal relationships and the optimal micronutrient requirements for maintaining strong and healthy bones in women of reproductive age.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Community Health Screening and Educational Intervention for Early Detection of Cardiometabolic Renal Disease.","authors":"Natalie L Nabaty, Tushar Menon, Garrett Trang, Aditya Vijay, Lama Chogyal, Renzo Cataldo, Navin Govind, Pankaj Jain, Priti Singh, Navaz Dolasa, Mandeep Sahani, Prakash Deedwania, Krishnaswami Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4497","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of cardiometabolic renal disease is increasing, particularly in underserved communities. Twinepidemic Inc.'s Galvanize Healthy Living program conducts community screenings, risk assessments, and educational interventions globally. We screened 1209 subjects for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, assessing their disease knowledge and self-confidence. Mean age was 50, with 65% females and 35% males. Imaging post-risk assessment revealed abnormalities: EKG (16%), echocardiogram (10%), carotid plaque (9%), ABI (2.5%), and eye exam (3.6%, including 8 retinopathies, 14 cataracts). New onset DM was found in 8%, prediabetes in 18.5%, High LDL in 4.2%, low HDL in 40.2%, high triglycerides in 13.1%, and abnormal BP in 38%. In addition, 18.2% were reclassified to a higher category of risk levels after imaging. Significant improvements in knowledge and self-empowerment (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) were seen after educational interventions. This study underscores early risk assessment's potential to enhance health outcomes globally for underserved populations, validating POC imaging and emphasizing the role of accessible care and education in patient engagement and empowerment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses Evaluating Associations between Human Health and Exposure to Major Classes of Plastic-Associated Chemicals.","authors":"Christos Symeonides, Edoardo Aromataris, Yannick Mulders, Janine Dizon, Cindy Stern, Timothy Hugh Barker, Ashley Whitehorn, Danielle Pollock, Tania Marin, Sarah Dunlop","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4459","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4459","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Epidemiological research investigating the impact of exposure to plastics, and plastic-associated chemicals, on human health is critical, especially given exponentially increasing plastic production. In parallel with increasing production, academic research has also increased exponentially both in terms of the primary literature and ensuing systematic reviews with meta-analysis. However, there are few overviews that capture a broad range of chemical classes to present a state of play regarding impacts on human health. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We undertook an umbrella review to review the systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Given the complex composition of plastic and the large number of identified plastic-associated chemicals, it was not possible to capture all chemicals that may be present in, and migrate from, plastic materials. We therefore focussed on a defined set of key exposures related to plastics. These were microplastics, due to their ubiquity and potential for human exposure, and the polymers that form the matrix of consumer plastics. We also included plasticisers and flame retardants as the two classes of functional additive with the highest concentration ranges in plastic. In addition, we included bisphenols and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as two other major plastic-associated chemicals with significant known exposure through food contact materials. Epistemonikos and PubMed were searched for systematic reviews with meta-analyses, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses evaluating the association of plastic polymers, particles (microplastics) or any of the selected groups of high-volume plastic-associated chemicals above, measured directly in human biospecimens, with human health outcomes. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Fifty-two systematic reviews were included, with data contributing 759 meta-analyses. Most meta-analyses (78%) were from reviews of moderate methodological quality. Across all the publications retrieved, only a limited number of plastic-associated chemicals within each of the groups searched had been evaluated in relevant meta-analyses, and there were no meta-analyses evaluating polymers, nor microplastics. Synthesised estimates of the effects of plastic-associated chemical exposure were identified for the following health outcome categories in humans: birth, child and adult reproductive, endocrine, child neurodevelopment, nutritional, circulatory, respiratory, skin-related and cancers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with decreased anoclitoral distance in infants, type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults, insulin resistance in children and adults, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and hypertension in children and adults and cardiovascular disease (CVD); other bisphenols have not been evaluated. Phthalates, the only plasticisers identified, are associated with spontaneous pregnancy loss, decreased anogenital distance in boys, insulin resistance in children and adults, with additional associations between certain ","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Institutionalisation of Births on Health Policies and Birth Registration in India.","authors":"Sheetal Verma, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi, Ritul Kamal","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4474","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The Registration of Births and Deaths Act (RBD) of 1969 in India mandates continuous recording of vital events; however, after more than 50 years of its enactment, universality remains elusive. Birth registration, a fundamental right, is essential for demographic analysis and effective policy planning. Birth registration is closely linked to child development, access to healthcare, and other societal factors. Analysing its trends helps in designing targeted interventions and monitoring progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). <i>Objectives:</i> This paper aims to analyse the changes in birth registration across Indian states. This paper also examines the impact of institutionalization of births on registration and underscores its significance in policymaking. <i>Methods:</i> The study utilises data from the latest two rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4 & NFHS-5) to analyse birth registration trends in India. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of place of delivery on birth registration. <i>Findings:</i> The comparison of NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 data demonstrates varying birth registration rates across Indian states, with notable progress in some regions and persistent challenges in others. Multivariable logistic regression analysis highlights the significant influence of place of delivery on registration likelihood. The interaction between wealth and place of delivery suggests a mitigating effect, indicating that increasing institutional births has a positive impact on birth registration, with this effect being more pronounced at different levels of household wealth. It highlights that wealthier households were more likely to register births due to the higher rate of institutional deliveries. <i>Conclusion:</i> India's journey towards universal birth registration under the SDGs presents progress and challenges. NFHS data shows improvements in birth registration, but disparities still persist. Socio-economic status, place of delivery, and maternal education have strong influences on birth registration. Institutional deliveries significantly increase registration likelihood, facilitated by programs like Janani Suraksha Yojana. Integrating birth registration with health services enhances health data accuracy and service delivery. By prioritising targeted interventions, addressing social barriers, and leveraging existing programs, India can ensure that every child's birth is registered, advancing towards a healthier, more equitable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition among Children under Age Five in Panama: Results of the ENSPA 2019.","authors":"Alicia Sosa Pedreschi, Flavia Fontes, Reina Roa, Hedley Quintana, Roger Montenegro Mendoza","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4409","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Malnutrition has important short- and long-term consequences in children under age five. Malnutrition encompasses undernutrition, overnutrition, and the coexistence of both of them, known as the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). <i>Objective:</i> The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition, overnutrition, and the DBM among these children at the national level and by living area in Panama. <i>Methods:</i> Data from the National Health Survey of Panama (ENSPA, Spanish acronym), a population-based, cross-sectional study carried out in 2019 were used. Stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity were defined according to the cut-off points of the World Health Organization Growth Standards. Undernutrition was defined as being stunted only, wasted only or both; overnutrition was defined as being overweight only or obese only; and the DBM was defined as the co-occurence of stunting and overweight/obesity in the same child. Prevalence and general characteristics at the national level and by living area were weighted. <i>Findings:</i> The prevalence of undernutrition was 15.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.4-17.3) at the national level and 36.6% (CI: 30.1-43.5) in indigenous areas. The prevalence of overnutrition was 10.2% (8.2-12.6) at the national level and 11.9% (CI: 8.5-16.3), 8.4% (CI: 6.5-10.7) and 8.7% (CI: 5.2-14.3) in urban, rural and indigenous areas, respectively. The DBM prevalence was 1.4% (CI: 1.0-2.1) at the national level and 2.7% (CI: 1.4-5.1) in indigenous areas. <i>Conclusions:</i> Undernutrition is still the most prevalent malnutrition condition in our country. Panama has the highest prevalence of overnutrition in Central America. The highest prevalence of undernutrition and DBM was found among children living in indigenous areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11312709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Epidemiological Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage System of a Higher Education Institution.","authors":"Carmem Cícera Maria da Silva, Carolina Rangel de Lima Santos, Eliomar Pivante Céleri, David Salles, Julia Miranda Fardin, Kamily Fagundes Pussi, Daniel Claudio de Oliveira Gomes, Vinicius de Oliveira Ribeiro, Leila Cristina Konrad-Moraes, Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu, Valdemar Lacerda Júnior","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4413","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The World Health Organization declared the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2023, three years after the adoption of global emergency measures. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage underscores its importance due to its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need to prioritize research on water resources and sanitation. <i>Objectives:</i> The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in the sewage system of a higher education institution located in Vitória Espírito Santo State, Maruípe campus. <i>Methods:</i> Over a period of 66 days, from February 6 to April 12, 2023, 15 samples were collected. Each sample consisted of 1 L, collected in 1 hour, with 250 mL collected every 15 minutes. The samples were characterized by assessing their appearance, and pH was measured using a Horiba U-50 multiparameter probe. The extracted RNA was subjected to RT-qPCR using the Allplex™ 2019-nCovAssay Seegene kit. <i>Results:</i> The samples exhibited a cloudy appearance with impurities, and the pH ranged from 6.35 to 8.17. Among the evaluated samples, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in two, and, by comparing this with the epidemiological bulletin issued by the State Health Department, an increase in cases in the state was observed during the collection period of these samples. <i>Conclusions:</i> Sewage monitoring proved to be an important tool in this post-pandemic period, serving as an alert and prevention mechanism for the population in relation to new outbreaks. Furthermore, it represents a low-cost mapping strategy and extensive testing of a population, aligning with the studies presented at the beginning of the pandemic. We recommend specific adjustments considering distinct populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}