Annals of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Implementation and Effectiveness of a Quality Improvement Intervention for Myocardial Infarction in Tanzania.","authors":"Claire Wang, Francis M Sakita, Tarun Prakash, Victoria Dronzek, Thierry Kabwe, Zebadia Martin, Theresia Joachim, Zoë Wohlgenant, Arthi Vaidyanathan, Frida M Shayo, Ally M Akrabi, Gloria J Manyangu, Nathan M Thielman, Janet P Bettger, Julian Hertz","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5134","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> In Tanzania, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is underdiagnosed, and uptake of evidence-based care remains limited. The Multicomponent Intervention to Improve Myocardial Infarction Care in Tanzania (MIMIC) increased evidence-based AMI care in a pilot trial conducted in a Tanzanian emergency department (ED). Whether MIMIC was sustained as implemented and its gains persisted after the pilot is unknown. <i>Objectives:</i> To evaluate the long-term fidelity, penetration, and effectiveness of MIMIC one year after the pilot trial. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a sequential cohort study in a Tanzanian ED, enrolling adults with chest pain or dyspnea during the pilot period (September 2023-August 2024) and post-pilot period (September 2024-August 2025). Pre-intervention data (February-August 2023) served as supplemental baseline. Outcomes included fidelity and penetration of MIMIC components and 11 AMI care metrics. Proportions were compared using Pearson's χ² tests and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <i>Findings:</i> Of 260 post-pilot participants, 29 had AMI. Fidelity and penetration of MIMIC components were similar to pilot levels. Electrocardiogram (ECG) uptake remained high (~90% in both periods). Cardiac biomarker testing was lower post-pilot (64.0% [<i>n</i> = 203, excluding stock-out periods] vs 78.0%, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.35-0.72; <i>P</i> < 0.001), coinciding with reagent stock-outs, but exceeding pre-intervention baseline (41.4%). Among AMI participants, treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, and statins in the ED was comparable between pilot and post-pilot periods. Compared with the pre-intervention baseline, uptake of diagnostic testing and evidence-based therapies was substantially higher, including a >5-fold increase in 30-day antiplatelet use (10% vs 52%; OR 9.54, 95% CI 2.49-46.46; <i>P</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions:</i> One year after implementation, MIMIC demonstrated sustained fidelity, penetration, and clinical effectiveness. AMI care remained substantially improved compared with pre-intervention baseline, suggesting that a pragmatic, workflow-integrated intervention can achieve durable gains in AMI care in a resource-limited ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Challenges and Health Disparities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Region in Crisis.","authors":"Saima Afaq, Anum Fatima Qazi","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5199","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The World Health Organization's (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is marked by socioeconomic diversity, political instability, displacement, and environmental risks. With nearly 745 million people across 22 countries, the region faces a complex \"triple burden\" of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), communicable diseases (CDs), and injuries. <i>Objective:</i> This paper provides an updated overview of the epidemiological landscape of the EMR by linking current disease burdens with socioeconomic, behavioural, environmental, and health system determinants. It highlights regional disparities and identifies priority areas for health system strengthening. <i>Methods:</i> A descriptive narrative review of secondary data and published literature was conducted. Publicly available datasets, institutional reports, and peer-reviewed sources were purposively selected from WHO, WHO-Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO EMRO), the World Bank, Global Burden of Disease/Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (GBD/IHME), and related literature. The review focused mainly on data published between 2015 and 2022 and included indicators on demographics, mortality, disease burden, risk factors, health system capacity, and health financing across EMR countries. Findings were organised narratively to describe regional patterns, disparities, and policy-relevant gaps. No systematic review, meta-analysis, or inferential statistical modelling was undertaken. <i>Findings:</i> The review shows substantial health inequalities across income groups. Life expectancy reaches 79.7 years in high-income countries but only 63.7 years in low-income countries. NCDs are now the leading cause of death, driven by obesity, hypertension, tobacco use, and other behavioural risks. Meanwhile, CDs and injury-related mortality remain major challenges, particularly among young people and populations affected by conflict and displacement. Health systems are constrained by fragility, high out-of-pocket expenditure, and a projected workforce shortfall of 2.1 million by 2030. <i>Conclusion:</i> Addressing the EMR's epidemiological challenges requires stronger primary healthcare and progress towards universal health coverage through integrated strategies targeting social determinants, sustainable financing, and improved surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Full, Partial, and Non‑Immunisation among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Gokwe South District, Rural Zimbabwe.","authors":"Laston Gonah, Norest Hama, Olanrewaju Oladimeji","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5209","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood immunisation coverage is often lower in rural and hard-to-reach areas of Zimbabwe than national targets, potentially leaving children vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases. We examined factors associated with immunisation status among 12-23-month-old children in rural Zimbabwe, using a cross-sectional study among caregivers of 12-23-month-old children. These were selected using a multistage sampling strategy, with households randomly selected within health facility catchment areas. Logistic regression models identified correlates of incomplete immunisation. Among 573 caregiver-child pairs (54.8% male), 62.1% of children were fully immunised, 24.6% partially immunised, and 13.3% not immunised; coverage did not differ by sex (<i>p</i> = 0.12). Bivariate analyses showed significant associations with possession of a child health card, maternal education, place of birth, religious affiliation, knowledge of immunisation schedules, and caregiver satisfaction with healthcare (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the adjusted binary logistic regression model, caregiver dissatisfaction (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.7-4.0), absence of a child health card (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 2.2-5.5), limited knowledge of new vaccines (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-3.1), and apostolic affiliation (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26-0.73) independently predicted non-immunisation. Multinomial regression showed that home birth, low maternal knowledge, and lack of health cards differentiated partial from complete non-immunisation. Improving caregiver health literacy, strengthening health-system responsiveness, ensuring continuity of child health records, and engaging apostolic religious communities may substantially improve childhood immunisation coverage in rural Zimbabwe.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Age‑Friendly Community Practice Through Global Learning: A Case Study of the Athens County-Slovenia Exchange for Health Equity.","authors":"Gillian H Ice, Amy Lipka, Ana Ramovš, Katja Bhatnagar, Alen Sajtl, Peter Beznec, Ruth Dudding","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5048","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> As populations age globally, communities are challenged to promote health equity and well-being for older adults. The World Health Organization's (WHO's) Global Network for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities provides a platform for sharing local innovations, while Global Learning for Health Equity (GL4HE) offers a framework for reciprocal, evidence-to-action learning across borders. <i>Objective:</i> This case study examines a bilateral exchange between Athens County, Ohio, USA, and Slovenia to assess how short-term, immersive exchanges can stimulate innovation, clarify contextual factors, and build relationships that support age-friendly practice, following the GL4HE framework. <i>Methods:</i> The project engaged a seven-member delegation from Athens County in Slovenia (January 2025) and a six-member Slovenian delegation in Athens County (May 2025). Delegations included representatives from local government, public health, community organizations, and academia. Itineraries combined structured site visits, informal reflection sessions, and cultural experiences. Documentation included agendas, minutes, reflections, evaluation, and message logs. Data were analyzed using a hybrid coding approach informed by the GL4HE framework and WHO Age-Friendly domains, with inductive coding to identify emergent themes. <i>Results:</i> Five themes emerged: (1) inspiration sparks innovation, (2) comparative learning clarified context, (3) time for focus, (4) group reflection enhances learning, and (5) exchanges build relationships that inspire future collaboration. Participants reported both professional and personal transformation, with recognition that exchanges at the \"explore\" stage of GL4HE generate inspiration more than direct adoption. <i>Conclusions:</i> Short-term exchanges are valuable vehicles for advancing age-friendly practice through global learning. By prioritizing a concentrated focus on a single issue (e.g., aging), reflection, and relationship building, exchanges provide a foundation for reciprocity and evidence-to-action transfer. Even without immediate adoption, such experiences can catalyze equity-oriented innovation and strengthen the relational infrastructure needed for sustained collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Determinants of Maternal Healthcare Decisions: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Predisposing, Enabling, and Illness-Level Factors in Bo District, Sierra Leone.","authors":"Rennie Viah, Rashid Ansumana, Emmanuel Komba Finoh","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5148","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Maternal and child outcomes in Sierra Leone continue to reflect rural-urban inequities in access to care and timely healthcare-seeking. Understanding how predisposing, enabling, and illness-level determinants interact across settings is essential for explaining these disparities. <i>Objectives:</i> To examine how predisposing, enabling, and illness-level factors influence maternal and child healthcare-seeking decisions in Bo District, and to quantify rural-urban differences in these determinants. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study among 500 women attending antenatal, postnatal, or child health services at an urban tertiary hospital and a rural maternity facility. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics. Rural-urban differences were assessed using Pearson's chi-square tests, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests for ordinal outcomes, and Cramér's V to estimate effect sizes. <i>Findings:</i> Predisposing influences on maternal healthcare-seeking were ubiquitous (97.4%), with knowledge and health awareness most frequently reported. Predisposing influences didn't differ by residence; however, cultural factors were significantly prominent among rural women (<i>p</i> = 0.004; Cramér's V = 0.14). Enabling factors showed the strongest rural-urban differentiation, with small-to-moderate effect sizes. Urban respondents more often reported health insurance coverage, financial stability, proximity to facilities, and transportation availability, whereas rural respondents more frequently reported traditional social, language, and communication support, perceived infrastructure adequacy, preventive service availability, and community engagement. Pregnancy-/childbirth-related complications were common (68.2%) and didn't differ by residence; however, the perceived influence of illness on care-seeking differed significantly between settings (<i>p</i> < 0.001; Cramér's V ≈ 0.21). For childcare-seeking, knowledge and awareness were foundational across settings, while financial protection and prior healthcare experience exerted greater influence among urban caregivers. <i>Conclusions:</i> Rural-urban differences in maternal and child healthcare-seeking in Bo District appear driven less by awareness or illness occurrence and more by context-specific enabling conditions and differences in how illness is interpreted and acted upon.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13289103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict-Driven Displacement and the Risk of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in the Middle East.","authors":"Ilyas Abdullahi Khalif, Yusuf Abdullahi Hubow, Nour Ahmed Dahir, Narura Omar Mohamed","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5263","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13281727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Anthropometric and Obstetric Risk Factors for Small-for-Gestational-Age Births in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.","authors":"G N Duminda Guruge, Johanna Enberg, Oshini Sri Jayasinghe, Kalpani Abhayasinghe, Hakan Lilja","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5330","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Small-for-gestational-age (SGA), defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka carries the highest low birth weight (LBW) prevalence nationally, yet no case-control study has systematically characterized independent maternal risk factors for SGA in this population. <i>Objectives:</i> To identify maternal anthropometric, obstetric, and antenatal risk factors independently associated with SGA births in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. <i>Methods:</i> A retrospective, matched case-control study was conducted using Public Health Midwife (PHM) pregnancy records from 2014 to 2017 across two Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas. Cases (<i>n</i> = 136) were SGA infants (birth weight < 10th percentile for gestational age) individually matched 1:2 to average-for-gestational-age (AGA) controls (<i>n</i> = 272) by gestational age category. Multivariable binary logistic regression with two separate models identified independent predictors. <i>Findings:</i> Five independent maternal risk factors were identified. Prepregnancy weight <50 kg (adjusted OR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.28-3.69; <i>P</i> = 0.004), prepregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m² (OR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.27-3.94; <i>P</i> = 0.005), prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m² (OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.04-3.64; <i>P</i> = 0.036), maternal height ≤150 cm (OR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.14-3.45; <i>P</i> = 0.015), and history of a prior LBW infant (OR 3.87; 95% CI, 1.98-7.57; <i>P</i> < 0.001) were independently associated with SGA. Borderline associations for consanguinity, anemia, and absence of folic acid supplementation did not persist in adjusted models. <i>Conclusions:</i> Both undernutrition and overweight independently elevate SGA risk, reflecting a double burden of malnutrition in this LMIC setting. A prior LBW delivery is the single strongest predictor, underscoring intergenerational risk pathways. Preconception nutritional screening and targeted antenatal interventions are essential to reduce the SGA burden in Anuradhapura and comparable settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13281726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding US-based Clinician Participation in Global Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Work: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Kendall Carpenter, Nitin Shrivastava, Anna C Revette, Natasha Archer","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5224","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Collaborative partnerships between institutions in high-income countries (HICs) and institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are an effective tool to build global pediatric hematology-oncology (PHO) capacity and reduce survival disparities. However, clinicians at academic centers may face barriers that limit participation in global health work. Understanding these barriers and facilitators is essential to inform targeted interventions that promote sustained and meaningful engagement. <i>Objectives:</i> This mixed-methods study, using an exploratory sequential design, aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to participation in global PHO work among clinicians at a single academic center in order to inform strategies to enhance engagement in global health initiatives. <i>Methods:</i> Participants included faculty, nurses, and trainees from the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Blood Disorders Center (BC/DF). Qualitative interviews and a REDCap survey were utilized to explore current engagement, barriers, and preferences for global PHO work. Data collection occurred from June 2023 to May 2024, with thematic analysis and descriptive statistics applied to interview transcripts and survey responses, respectively. <i>Results:</i> Thirty-eight clinicians (response rate: 11%) completed the survey, with 16% having prior global PHO experience and 50% expressing interest. Barriers included funding constraints, lack of protected time, and family obligations. Qualitative interviews (<i>n</i> = 15) identified additional barriers at the personal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels. Organizational barriers, such as academic promotion criteria and institutional support, were most prominent. <i>Conclusions:</i> Despite interest, clinicians face substantial barriers to engaging in global PHO work, predominantly at the organizational level. Solutions proposed include enhanced institutional support, program management, formal educational curricula, and improved funding guidance. These findings underscore the need for tailored strategies to foster effective bidirectional partnerships and enhance global PHO capacity. Future research should explore perspectives from LMIC-based clinicians to optimize partnership effectiveness and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costing of AMR can Incentivize Responses to One Health.","authors":"Pushpam Kumar","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5355","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monetising the damage inflicted to economy and society is necessary and it is doable. The costing of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) enables clearer policy response and removes haziness in decisions. Costing the AMR facilitates the investment in interventions, needed for implementation of One Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Adaptation to Smoke Haze for Improved Child Health in Southeast Asia: Analysis Situation in Palembang, Indonesia.","authors":"Budi Haryanto, Fitri Kurniasari, Indang Trihandini, Fajar Nugraha, Nabila Gayatri Widayana, Nurul Laksmi Winarni","doi":"10.5334/aogh.5211","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.5211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Haze from forest and peatland fires is a major recurring hazard in Indonesia. During the 2015 fire crisis, more than 43 million people were affected, with PM₁₀ concentrations reaching 2,108.5 μg/m³ in Palangkaraya, while children were among the most vulnerable populations due to their increased susceptibility to air pollution. <i>Objective:</i> This study assessed the impact of forest and peatland fire haze on child respiratory health in Palembang, Indonesia, by examining associations between ambient concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and SO₂ and the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and pneumonia to inform child-focused air quality management and public health preparedness. <i>Methods:</i> An ecological time-series study was conducted using data from 2011 to 2020 in Palembang, a city consistently affected by annual peatland fires. The dataset included 366,632 ARI cases and 27,574 pneumonia cases among children. Ambient air quality data were obtained from the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Pearson correlation analyses with a one-month lag were performed, followed by linear regression modeling. <i>Results:</i> Particulate matter showed strong associations with increased childhood respiratory morbidity. Pneumonia demonstrated more consistent relationships with PM_2.5, reflecting the deeper penetration of fine particles into the respiratory tract. Regression models indicated that rises in PM_2.5 predicted higher pneumonia incidence, while PM₁₀ was more consistently associated with ARI. Associations involving SO₂ were less consistent, though it may act synergistically with particulate matter to worsen respiratory outcomes. <i>Conclusion:</i> Haze exposure significantly elevates the risk of respiratory illness in children. PM_2.5 is strongly linked to pneumonia, whereas PM₁₀ is more closely related to ARI. The persistent nature of haze and children's heightened vulnerability highlight the need to integrate child-centered risk mitigation into national air quality management and disaster preparedness strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}