Infectious Diseases of Poverty最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of the 'Four Pest-Free Villages' program on mosquito-borne disease control in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitudes, and practices.","authors":"Jing Ni, Qiyuan Chen, Hui Zhou, Wenrong Zhang, Jinna Wang, Jimin Sun, Zhenyu Gong","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01422-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01422-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) pose a persistent public health threat globally. The \"Four Pest-Free Villages\" program, which targets mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, and rats, has been in place in Zhejiang Province, China, for more than 9 years. It was recently improved to version 4.0 as a crucial tactic for long-term vector management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study, which included eight \"Four Pests Control Villages\" and eight matching control villages, was carried out in 2024 in 16 villages spread across five cities in Zhejiang Province. To evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about infectious diseases spread by mosquitoes, a stratified-cluster random sampling technique was used. In every dimension, KAP ratings of 70% or greater were deemed satisfactory. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to find influential factors (α = 0.05). Ten stakeholders, including community managers, public health specialists, and resident representatives, participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews to further examine the project's efficacy and overall worth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Residents of the \"Four Pest-Free Village\" (which targets mosquito, fly, cockroach, and rodents) showed significantly higher levels of knowledge (P < 0.01), attitudes (P < 0.05), and preventive practices (P < 0.01) regarding mosquito-borne diseases compared to control villages, according to 1447 valid questionnaires. While older age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7-1.9], higher education (OR = 2.2), and minority status (OR = 2.4, all P < 0.05) predicted better knowledge and attitudes within \"Four Pest-Free Villages\", younger residents, migrant workers, and individual farmers showed higher levels of preventive practice (P < 0.05) in control villages; gender effects on practice varied between sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The \"Four Pest-Free Village\" program-targeting mosquito, fly, cockroach, and rodents-significantly improved residents' health literacy and their adoption of vector control practices. This underscores the necessity of customized interventions based on demographic variables and the significance of integrating health education programs with environmental management. The results offer useful recommendations for maximizing vector control initiatives and enhancing public health outcomes in both urban and rural regions. To further improve and bolster these tactics, future studies should incorporate more variables and broaden the data sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Enterobius vermicularis infection of the greater omentum misdiagnosed as schistosomiasis: a case report.","authors":"Yumeng Cai, Feng Miao, Muxin Chen, Jiahui Sun, Yahong Hu, Xiaoyu Qin, Yu Luo, Haiting Xiao, Yuchun Cai, Xiaonong Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01429-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01429-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterobiasis, caused by Enterobius vermicularis, is a common intestinal parasitic infection in children. Ectopic migration to extraintestinal sites, such as the greater omentum, is rare and often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific clinical manifestations and limited proficiency in identifying parasitic structures in paraffin-embedded histological sections.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 12-year-old female presented with a three-day history of lower abdominal pain and a pelvic mass. Emergency laparoscopic resection revealed an ovarian serous cystadenoma and an omental mass. Initial histopathological examination of the omental mass suggested schistosome eggs; however, expert consultation confirmed a section of an adult female E. vermicularis containing eggs measuring up to 50 μm. The patient had no exposure to schistosomiasis-endemic areas but a history of prior pinworm infection, which had been treated with oral albendazole (400 mg once daily for 2 days). Subsequent adhesive tape tests over three consecutive days were negative, and perineal pruritus was resolved, confirming successful cure. The final diagnosis was ectopic enterobiasis of the greater omentum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the critical role of accurate morphological identification in distinguishing parasitic infections. Misdiagnosis, even in non-schistosomiasis-endemic areas, reflects insufficient training in parasitic morphology among healthcare professionals. Enhanced training on the morphology of common parasites and interpretation of paraffin-embedded histological sections is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12954977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global distribution of Paragonimus species.","authors":"Yuan-Biao Lu, Kai Hu, Mei-Lin Mao, Lin-Bo Shi, Chun-Chao Zhu, Jie-Xin Zou","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01428-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01428-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paragonimiasis, a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by Paragonimus (lung fluke) species, is prevalent mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is estimated that 23 million people are infected worldwide. Many reviews have been published in recent years, but very few reviews focused on distribution have been published. Here, we performed a review to map the global distribution of Paragonimus species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database to identify studies and case reports documenting the occurrences of Paragonimus species (OPSs) and cases of paragonimiasis. Studies were included only if both the OPSs and the geographical locations of Paragonimus species occurrence had been verified in the relevant research. Subsequently, we mapped the OPSs based on data extracted from the eligible included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We mapped the global distribution of Paragonimus species and cases caused by them. Paragonimus species are distributed in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, among which no species are distributed across continents. Eight species can infect humans: P. westermani (East Asia, the Far East, Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, probably Nepal, New Guinea), P. skrjabini (mainly distributed in China and Japan), P. heterotremus (the Indochina Peninsula and southwestern border regions of China), P. kellicotti (USA and Canada), P. mexicanus (Latin America), P. africanus, P. uterobilateralis, and P. gondwanensis (West and Central Africa). This study suggests that Paragonimus species are distributed from 12° S to 50° N globally, except four \"outliers\" in South Africa (approximately 30° S).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Globally, Paragonimus species and paragonimiasis cases exhibit an imbalanced distribution across hemispheres, continents, and countries. In many \"suitable habitats\", where infection by Paragonimus may be expected, few or no OPSs have been reported. Epidemiological and other studies are encouraged in these regions. This study will support the further refinement of paragonimiasis surveillance and response measures by global disease control authorities, thereby advancing public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schistosome-derived microRNAs: promise, pitfalls and priorities for molecular diagnosis.","authors":"Haoran Zhong, Guiquan Guan, Yamei Jin","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01425-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01425-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis remains a major neglected tropical disease with persistent transmission despite decades of control programs. Recent discoveries of schistosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) have introduced new opportunities for precise, non-invasive molecular diagnosis. These miRNAs, often encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) or associated with Argonaute proteins, are stable in host biofluids and reflect active infection, worm burden, and pathological status. Therefore, this commentary aims to summarize current advances in schistosome-derived miRNAs for molecular diagnosis, discuss the major challenges limiting their field deployment, and propose future priorities for translational development.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>Accumulating evidence from both experimental models and human studies supports the diagnostic value of schistosome-derived miRNAs, with several candidates demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity across Schistosoma species. However, despite this promise, translation to field applications remains limited. Major challenges include low detection sensitivity in low-intensity infections, lack of standardized reference materials, absence of harmonized workflows, and dependence on complex laboratory infrastructure. Structural barriers-such as insufficient policy support, weak diagnostic infrastructure, and global inequities in resource allocation-further constrain deployment in endemic regions. Bridging these gaps demands a shift from exploratory discovery to translational and equity-centered development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, although schistosome-derived microRNAs have demonstrated strong diagnostic potential across experimental and clinical settings, their impact remains limited by technological, infrastructural, and policy-related challenges, particularly in endemic regions. Future priorities should emphasize affordable, point-of-care diagnostic platforms, establishment of shared databases and international standards, and integration of molecular tools into national surveillance and elimination programs. Aligning technological innovation with accessibility and health equity will be crucial to transform schistosome miRNA biomarkers from laboratory findings into practical tools for global schistosomiasis control and elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12934005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of Mpox infection among men who have sex with men in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study with implications for health equity.","authors":"Gang Xu, Changyuan Zhou, Yuxuan Hua, Shangbin Liu, Jianyu Chen, Ying Wang, Jiechen Zhang, Yong Cai","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01427-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01427-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) has disproportionately affected men who have sex with men (MSM), yet evidence from East Asia on psychosocial and behavioral correlates is limited. We examined factors associated with Mpox infection among MSM in China, with attention to health equity considerations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted in six Chinese cities (November 2023-March 2024). Eligible MSM (≥ 18 years; male-to-male sexual contact in the past six months) completed an anonymous questionnaire capturing sociodemographics, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection status (along with other health statuses like hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), multiple sex partnerships (MSP), pre-sex substance use (alcohol and drugs), recent voluntary counseling and testing for HIV (VCT), and psychosocial measures (perceived discrimination and self-esteem). Mpox infection was ascertained by self-reported clinical diagnosis or syndromic criteria aligned with national guidance. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). False discovery rate was controlled using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure within prespecified hypothesis families.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2403 participants (mean age 30.6 years), 5.9% met the Mpox case definition. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, younger men had the highest odds of Mpox infection. Using ages 18-24 years as the reference, older groups showed significantly lower odds: 25-34 years (OR = 0.508, 95% CI 0.317-0.814, P = 0.005), 35-44 years (OR = 0.142, 95% CI 0.064-0.316, P < 0.001), and ≥ 45 years (OR = 0.170, 95% CI 0.045-0.641, P = 0.009). Behavioral and health correlates that significantly increased the odds of Mpox included UAI (OR = 2.841, 95% CI 1.858-4.345, P < 0.001), MSP (OR = 1.586, 95% CI 1.063-2.368, P = 0.024), pre-sex drug use (OR = 2.359, 95% CI 1.199-4.639, P = 0.013), and pre-sex alcohol use (OR = 3.955, 95% CI 2.530-6.181, P < 0.001). Furthermore, recent VCT participation was positively associated with Mpox (OR = 2.079, 95% CI 1.19-3.632, P = 0.010). Psychosocial measures were significantly associated with Mpox infection, including higher perceived discrimination (OR = 1.136, 95% CI 1.026-1.258, P = 0.014) and lower self-esteem (OR = 0.962, 95% CI 0.929-0.997, P = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mpox infection among MSM in China was associated with psychosocial (perceived discrimination, self-esteem) and behavioral (condomless anal sex, partner number, pre-sex substance use) characteristics, with higher odds observed among younger men. Integrating Mpox screening and risk-reduction support into existing HIV/sexually transmitted infection services, alongside anti-stigma and youth-focused outreach, may help address observed disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12914930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of risk adjustment for drug-resistant types on tuberculosis patients' outcomes under China's innovative payment methods: a quasi-experimental study design.","authors":"Mengyuan Zhao, Yingbei Xiong, Yifan Yao, Changli Jia, Kunhe Lin, Li Xiang, Junnan Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01423-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01423-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is clinically complex and economically burdensome compared to drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB). China's diagnosis-intervention packet payment system initially omitted risk adjustment for drug resistance. In 2022, a diagnosis-intervention packet (DIP)-pilot city implemented such adjustment, establishing distinct reimbursement standards for DR-TB and DS-TB. This study aimed to assess the impact of this DR-type risk adjustment on medical expenditures, treatment efficiency, and care quality for TB patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design was employed, involving 8465 TB patients from June 2021 to December 2023. Linear regression was performed with time and treat fixed effects and the interaction term between time and treat. Subgroup analyses for DR-TB and DS-TB patients were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under the DIP system, risk adjustment led to marginally significant reductions in inpatient expenditure per hospitalization [β = - 151.14, P = 0.065; 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference in proportions: - 311.66, 9.38] and in annual total inpatient expenditure per patient (β = - 200.58, P = 0.078, 95% CI - 423.26, 22.10) for all TB patients. It also resulted in significant reductions in inpatient out-of-pocket per hospitalization (β = - 257.51, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 316.20, - 198.81), annual total inpatient out-of-pocket per patient (β = - 266.78, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 342.02, - 191.53), inpatient length of stay per hospitalization (β = - 3.58, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 4.53, - 2.62), and annual total length of stay per patient (β = - 3.21, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 4.50, - 1.92). For DR-TB patients, all outcome measures in expenditures, efficiency, or care quality showed P > 0.1, indicating no significant changes. For DS-TB patients, measures of expenditures and efficiency showed P < 0.1, supporting significant or marginally significant reductions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DR-type risk adjustment policy under China's diagnosis-intervention packet system proved effective in optimizing resource use and enhancing efficiency, particularly for DS-TB patients, while preserving care quality for DR-TB patients. These findings demonstrate the value of tailored risk adjustment within payment frameworks for heterogeneous diseases like tuberculosis, providing crucial evidence for optimizing TB care and implementing effective payment reforms in China and similar settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal epidemiology, geographic hotspots, and risk factor associations of drug-resistant tuberculosis incidence in Indonesia: a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach.","authors":"Abdillah Farkhan, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri, Tiffany Tiara Pakasi, Sulistyo Sulistyo, Alya Salsabila, Richard J Maude, Henry Surendra, Chawarat Rotejanaprasert","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01418-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01418-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia ranks among the countries with the highest burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), contributing approximately 7.4% of global cases, many of which are likely underdiagnosed. To support targeted public health surveillance and control efforts, this study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of DR-TB incidence in Indonesia, identify geographic hotspots, and examine associations with health system and socioeconomic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis using annual DR-TB notification data from 2017 to 2022 across all 514 districts, obtained from the national tuberculosis information system. Multivariable Bayesian spatiotemporal regression models were fitted under alternative likelihood assumptions and space-time random effect structures. Model selection criteria were used to identify the best-fitting models for hotspot detection and estimation of risk factor associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DR-TB predominantly affected individuals aged 25-54 years, aligning with the working-age population. Hotspots were concentrated in urbanized regions, including the Jabodetabek megacity, Greater Surabaya, and districts in South Sumatra. The best-fitting model identified a protective association between first-line treatment success rates and DR-TB incidence [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.508; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.368-0.702]. In contrast, DR-TB incidence was positively associated with the proportion of the population living below the poverty line (IRR: 1.028; 95% CrI: 1.013-1.044), households with improved sanitation access (IRR: 1.006; 95% CrI: 1.002-1.010), and increased municipal human development index (IRR: 1.068; 95% CrI: 1.049-1.094).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DR-TB hotspots were primarily concentrated in urban areas, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Improving first-line tuberculosis treatment success rates and addressing socioeconomic drivers, such as poverty, are critical for controlling DR-TB. Public health policies should prioritize workplace-based support for improving treatment adherence, provide safeguards for TB patients affected by poverty, and underscore the importance of a multisectoral TB surveillance and control program.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drone-based geospatial prediction modeling identifies Fasciola hepatica infection risk in the Cusco Highlands of Peru.","authors":"Bryan Fernandez-Camacho, Antony Barja, Luis C Revilla, Rodrigo A Ore, Jose L Alccacontor-Muñoz, Maria L Morales, Melinda B Tanabe, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Miguel M Cabada","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01420-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01420-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fascioliasis is a neglected infectious disease affecting agricultural communities worldwide, with the Peruvian Andes among the most severely affected regions. Identifying fine-scale environmental risk patterns could support targeted surveillance and control. We aimed to develop predictive models of Fasciola hepatica infection in humans and sheep using drone-derived environmental indices in a rural Andean community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Huayllapata community, Cusco, Peru. Demographic, socioeconomic, and georeferenced infection data were collected from households and livestock with fascioliasis diagnosed by stool microscopy. High-resolution multispectral and thermal drone surveys were performed in April 2023 to derive environmental, topographic, and climatic indices. Logistic regression, random forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), and deep learning models were trained using literature-based or principal component analysis (PCA)-based variable selection strategies. Model performance was evaluated using standard and spatial cross validation approaches. Fine-scale probability surface maps were generated across the study area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human fascioliasis prevalence was 21.3% of households, while sheep prevalence reached 80%. Under standard cross validation, RF achieved the best performance for human infection using the literature-based approach (accuracy = 0.89, sensitivity = 0.99, specificity = 0.88), while XGB performed best using the PCA-based approach (accuracy = 0.85, sensitivity = 0.75, specificity = 0.85). For sheep infection, XGB achieved the highest performance (accuracy = 0.93, sensitivity = 0.65, specificity = 0.93) with literature-based variables and RF performed best under the PCA-based approach (accuracy = 0.85, sensitivity = 0.75, specificity = 0.86). Spatial cross-validation reduced accuracy and specificity across models but preserved high sensitivity. Probability maps revealed marked spatial heterogeneity in predicted risk within the community, with shifts in the location and magnitude of risk zones when spatial dependence was accounted for.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this single Andean community, machine learning models integrating drone-derived environmental, topographic and climatic indices, successfully identified F. hepatica infection occurrence in humans and sheep. RF and XGB showed the most robust performance under spatial cross-validation, supporting the feasibility of UAV-based approaches for localized F. hepatica risk mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome of Phlebotomus chinensis, the primary vector of visceral leishmaniasis in China: insights from chromosome-level assembly and comparative analysis.","authors":"Haowei Dong, Wenqi Shan, Qiuming Zhou, Hao Yuan, Kang Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Wenbing Zhong, Maimaitijiang Wumaier, Anjie Yang, Huiying Chen, Bing Rui, Yajun Ma, Shizhu Li, Heng Peng","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01417-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01417-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phlebotomus chinensis is the primary vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in China. However, the lack of a high-quality genome assembly for this species has limited research on its biology, vector-pathogen interactions, and evolutionary adaptations. To address this critical gap, the first chromosome-level genome assembly of Ph. chinensis was constructed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanopore long-read sequencing served as the primary method, complemented by Illumina short-read sequencing for base-level error correction and Hi-C mapping for chromosomal anchoring and chromosome-level scaffolding. Genome annotation integrated transcriptome data from adult, larvae and pupae, homologous protein predictions from closely related sand fly species, and ab initio gene prediction. Comparative genomic analyses were further performed to explore evolutionary relationships and genomic differences between Ph. chinensis, Ph. papatasi, and Lutzomyia longipalpis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 127.05 Gb of Nanopore data, 10.57 Gb of Illumina clean data, 52.95 Gb of Hi-C clean data, and 14.95 Gb of RNA-seq data were obtained. The final assembled genome size was 195.21 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 49.30 Mb, and 97.24% of the sequences were successfully anchored to 4 chromosomes. Annotation identified 10,909 protein-coding genes (91.48% of which were functionally annotatable), along with 73 rRNAs, 92 small RNAs, 82 regulatory RNAs, 374 tRNAs, 11,870 simple sequence repeats, 6053 tandem repeats, and 478,622 transposable elements. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ph. chinensis is phylogenetically closest to Ph. papatasi, with an estimated divergence time of approximately 27.1 million years ago. Gene family evolution was dominated by contraction, with 229 expanded and 575 contracted gene families identified in the Ph. chinensis branch. Additionally, 209 positively selected genes were detected, which are crucial for immune response regulation and metabolic processes related to its vectorial capacity. Furthermore, 95 P450 genes were identified, classified into four subfamilies: CYP2, CYP3, mitochondrial CYP (mito), and CYP4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of Ph. chinensis is reported here for the first time. This assembly serves as a critical genomic resource to advance research into the vector biology, insecticide resistance mechanisms, and evolutionary history, and lays a solid foundation for the development of precision VL control strategies in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12879420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of antimicrobial resistance spreading via food loss and waste.","authors":"Fanette Fontaine, Jorge Pinto Ferreira, Antonio Valcarce, Emmanuel Kabali, Junxia Song","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01405-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01405-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the agricultural sector is a known contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the potential role of food loss and waste (FLW) in AMR dissemination has been largely overlooked. FLW, a byproduct of inefficient food systems, poses economic, environmental, and food security challenges. It may also act as a reservoir and vector for antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, contributing to the environmental spread of AMR if improperly managed. This narrative review assessed the presence, fate, and risks of AMR in FLW management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peer-reviewed studies were identified through systematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science using keywords related to food waste, AMR, and treatment methods. Additional studies were retrieved through reference screening. Only English-language articles addressing AMR in the context of FLW were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioconversion processes such as composting, anaerobic digestion, and conversion to animal feed can reduce antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria under optimized conditions. However, without adequate treatment, end products like fertilizers or biomaterials may still pose AMR risks. In contrast, FLW disposal in landfills and open dumps exacerbates both greenhouse gas emissions and AMR risks, due to co-contamination with other AMR-promoting pollutants like heavy metals and microplastics. AMR can spread through multiple pathways, including leachate, aerosols, wildlife, and direct human contact.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FLW should be recognized as a potential AMR source, requiring improved management strategies and integration into AMR surveillance. This review highlights the need to both reduce antimicrobial use and minimize FLW generation to limit environmental and public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12879477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}