Spatial autocorrelation with environmental factors related to tuberculosis prevalence in Nepal, 2020-2023.

IF 8.1 1区医学

Infectious Diseases of Poverty Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1186/s40249-025-01283-y

Roshan Kumar Mahato, Kyaw Min Htike, Alex Bagas Koro, Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Vijay Sharma, Alok Kafle, Suvash Chandra Ojha

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Despite global efforts to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence, Nepal remains burdened by approximately 70,000 new cases annually, with an incidence rate of 229 per 100,000 people in 2022. This study investigated the geographic patterns of TB notifications in Nepal from fiscal year 2020 to 2023, focusing on environmental determinants such as land surface temperature (LST), urbanization, precipitation and cropland coverage.

Methods: This study examined the spatial association between environmental factors and TB prevalence in Nepal at the district level, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) and spatial regression analyses. The tuberculosis prevalence data were obtained from the National Tuberculosis Control Center (NTCC) Nepal for the fiscal years (FY) 2020-2023.

Results: Over the three fiscal years, high TB prevalence consistently clustered in districts such as Banke, Parsa, and Rautahat, while low prevalence areas included Mustang and Kaski. Significant positive spatial autocorrelation was found between environmental factors and TB prevalence. Moran's I values were as follows: for LST (day), 0.379, 0.424, and 0.423; for LST (night), 0.383, 0.420, and 0.425; for cropland coverage, 0.325, 0.339, and 0.373; for urbanization, 0.197, 0.245, and 0.246; and for precipitation, 0.222, 0.349, and 0.104 across FY 2020-2021, FY 2021-2022 and FY 2022-2023, respectively. Regression analyses, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Lag Model (SLM), and Spatial Error Model (SEM), demonstrated that Land Surface Temperature Night (LSTN), urbanization, and precipitation significantly influenced TB prevalence, explaining up to 72.1% of the variance in FY 2021-2022 (R²: 0.721).

Conclusions: Environmental factors significantly influence the spatial distribution of TB in Nepal. This underscores the importance of integrating disease management strategies with environmental health policies in effectively addressing TB prevalence.

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来源期刊

Infectious Diseases of Poverty INFECTIOUS DISEASES-

自引率

1.20%

发文量

368

期刊介绍： Infectious Diseases of Poverty is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on addressing essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. The journal covers a wide range of topics including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies and application. It also considers the transdisciplinary or multisectoral effects on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technology. The journal aims to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for public health problems in the developing world. Additionally, it provides a platform for discussing these issues to advance research and evidence building for improved public health interventions in poor settings.