Infectious Diseases of Poverty最新文献

{"title":"Coverage validation survey of preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in interruption of transmission districts of Ethiopia, 2025.","authors":"Chuchu Churko, Alemayehu Bekele Kassahun, Zerihun Zerdo, Tesfahun Bishaw, Nisan Kesete, Belachew Bokicho, Bisrat Molla, Gashaw Dubale, Hailemariam Atinaf, Abinet Gebremickael","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01439-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01439-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopia bears a substantial burden of neglected tropical diseases, including schistosomiasis, which remains a major public health problem in endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy is the main strategy for controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis. This study aimed to assess the reach of the mass drug administration program and validate the reported praziquantel coverage in interruption-of-transmission districts of Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 to 30 August 2025 in eight purposively selected districts across three Ethiopian regions targeted for schistosomiasis interventions. Using a three-stage sampling method, data were collected using WHO-standard tools via KoboToolbox. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, in SPSS version 26 to estimate program reach and survey coverage.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The average programs reach (participants who offered praziquantel) was 84.2%, while surveyed coverage (participants who reported swallowing the drug) was 83.0% (95% CI: 82.7-83.3%). West Badewacho district achieved the highest survey coverage, 95.4%, while Hammer and Bena Tsemay districts achieved 92.1% and 92.4%, respectively. The lowest coverage was recorded in Menit Goldya (66.2%), Mizan (72.0%), and South Bench (72.4%). Treatment uptake among those offered praziquantel was 98.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey showed that praziquantel treatment coverage was below the 95% target and the national reported average, with notable variation across districts. Surveyed coverage was largely influenced by whether the treatment was offered; districts with lower program reach consistently had lower treatment coverage. Improving the delivery and offering of praziquantel at the community level is therefore essential to increase treatment uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status, challenges and control of human sparganosis worldwide: a scoping review.","authors":"Mi Li, Sisi Ru, Jingjing Xu, Jiahui Liang, Xi Zhang, Shengxia Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01434-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01434-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human sparganosis is a neglected foodborne/waterborne zoonosis and a rare infectious disease of poverty (rIDP) that is widely distributed globally and threatens human health. Economic development and the expanded dissemination of public health knowledge have fueled increased global focus on rIDPs. The epidemiology of human sparganosis has shifted on the basis of emerging evidence; moreover, comprehensive contemporary data on its global distribution remain outdated. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic retrospective analysis to map the global case distribution of human sparganosis. We then summarized and analyzed the basic demographic characteristics, infection sites, modes of transmission and diagnostic methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase databases for case reports, dissertations, reviews and meeting abstracts. The literature search was conducted up to April 30, 2025, without any restrictions on the year of publication. The analysis focused exclusively on articles on human sparganosis cases, with no restrictions on publication language or country of origin. We followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. The relevant information from the identified studies was subsequently collected and summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 822 articles involving 3472 valid cases and 16 serological survey articles involving 3148 positive subjects were identified and included. Our analysis revealed the global distribution of human sparganosis. The disease is distributed worldwide, while China, the Republic of Korea and Thailand are the top three countries in terms of reported case concentration. However, some African regions, such as South Sudan, Tanzania and Ethiopia, may have the potential for a greater number of human sparganosis cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This scoping review provides updates on the global distribution changes and epidemiological status of human sparganosis. East Asia and Southeast Asia continue to be regions where human sparganosis is highly prevalent, while the disease burden in some resource-limited regions may be underestimated. Our findings may receive increasing attention in endemic regions, raise awareness in resource-limited, nonendemic areas. In the future, there is still a need to strengthen the prevention and control of this disease worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial codistribution of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.","authors":"Indra Dwinata, Tsheten Tsheten, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Fasil Wagnew, Kefyalew Addis Alene, I Nyoman Sutarsa, Paula Moraga, I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra, Matthew Kelly","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01432-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01432-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) co-morbidity is a growing public health challenge, particularly in Indonesia, where TB incidence remains high and DM prevalence is increasing. DM co-morbidity is known to increase the risk of TB incidence and have negative effects on TB treatment outcomes. This study aims to analyze the geographical co-distribution of TB and DM and their sociodemographic determinants in Indonesia, to help inform public health response and targeting of screening programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), a nationally representative, population-based survey, we applied a Bayesian geostatistical model to estimate disease prevalence and assess associations with key sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The predicted TB prevalence varied from 0.1% to 3.0%, highest in eastern Indonesia, particularly Papua, while DM prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 6.2%, concentrated in Java and Sumatra. Approximately 62 districts showed more than a 50% posterior probability that both TB and DM prevalences simultaneously exceed their respective national thresholds. The proportion of the poor population is significantly associated with higher TB prevalence (0.106; 95% CrI: 0.039, 0.174), while population density has a strong positive correlation with DM prevalence (0.198; 95% CrI: 0.156, 0.241). Proportion of the poor population (- 0.053; 95% CrI: - 0.096, - 0.009) and hospital services (- 0.071; 95% CrI: - 0.116, - 0.027) show a negative association with DM prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spatial analysis revealed significant regional variations, with high TB-DM co-distribution observed in rapidly urbanizing and high-poverty districts, including parts of West Java, East Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan in Indonesia. These findings emphasize the need for strengthened TB-DM integration in healthcare services, especially in areas that have a high prevalence of both diseases. Strengthening integrated disease management strategies in local areas can help mitigate the burden of both TB and DM in Indonesia, particularly given likely low case detection and health care access in lower income regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trivalent multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus 40/41: epitope screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation with in silico validation guided by immunoinformatics.","authors":"Xu Wu, Yizhong Xu, Rongliu Qin, Yuying Luo, Yanqun Hou, Ziyou Zhou, Ruping Qu, Shiyang Ma, Jie Chen, Fei Zhu, Pinhua Pan","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01431-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01431-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases constitute a major global public health threat, particularly endangering young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Three key pathogens-norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus 40/41-can induce dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and severe complications, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths annually. Conventional vaccines have inherent limitations, including relatively long development cycles and high production costs. With the deep integration of bioinformatics and immunology, immunoinformatic techniques driven by high-throughput analysis enable reliable prediction of key epitope properties such as immunogenicity and antigenicity, offering an efficient approach for multivalent vaccine development. This study aims to develop a trivalent multi-epitope mRNA vaccine targeting these three pathogens using immunoinformatic methods, providing a potential innovative strategy for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The amino acid sequences corresponding to the target viral proteins were obtained from the NCBI Virus Database. Epitopes were screened and selected based on key properties including high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity. Appropriate adjuvant components, along with the chosen T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte epitopes, were assembled using linker molecules to computationally construct the vaccine. Structural and related features of the computationally designed vaccine were analyzed using online tools. Molecular docking assays, in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations, were performed to clarify the interaction modes and structural stability characteristics of ligand-receptor binding. mRNA sequences of the vaccine were designed through codon optimization, and their immunogenicity was ultimately assessed using immune simulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes, 5 helper T-cell epitopes, and 17 linear B-cell epitopes were selected to construct the vaccine. After evaluating immunological and physicochemical properties, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed, suggesting favorable structural stability and plausible interactions with immune receptors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The computationally designed vaccine in this study was predicted to exhibit favorable structural stability, potential immune activation capability, and promising broad population coverage, providing preliminary insights for the development of vaccines against multiple viral co-infections; however, its immunogenicity and safety remain to be further validated through animal model experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13023124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147533483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The genome of Phlebotomus chinensis, the primary vector of visceral leishmaniasis in China: insights from chromosome-level assembly and comparative analysis.","authors":"Haowei Dong, Wenqi Shan, Qiuming Zhou, Hao Yuan, Kang Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Wenbing Zhong, Maimaitijiang Wumaier, Anjie Yang, Huiying Chen, Bing Rui, Yajun Ma, Shizhu Li, Heng Peng","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01430-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01430-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13020172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Institution-based Network on China-Africa Cooperation for Malaria Elimination: fostering a transcontinental hub for strengthening China-Africa cooperation on malaria control and elimination efforts.","authors":"Shenning Lu, Wei Ding, Lulu Huang, Longshen Liu, Ning Xiao, Salim Abdulla, Moses Okpeku, Aliou Thiongane, Balla Gibba, Sidzabda Christian Bernard Kompaore, Shan Lv, Shizhu Li, Maru Aregawi Weldedawit, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Duoquan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01419-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01419-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in Africa, which continues to bear the greatest burden. The transboundary nature of malaria necessitates regional collaboration, yet transcontinental knowledge-sharing mechanisms remain limited. The World Health Organization's (WHO) certification of China as malaria-free in 2021 presents an opportunity to leverage its expertise, cost-effective products, and elimination strategies to support Africa's malaria control efforts. The Institution-based Network on China-Africa Cooperation for Malaria Elimination (INCAM) was established in 2018 to bridge this gap, fostering cross-continental collaboration through knowledge exchange, product innovation, and policy advocacy. Between 2019 and 2025, INCAM has convened six fora, facilitated to promote the adaptation of China's anti-malaria practices to African contexts. These fora promoted the exploration of demand-driven research, the development of innovative anti-malarial products, and the advancement of evidence-based policies. INCAM exemplifies the potential of China-Africa collaboration to accelerate malaria control and elimination in Africa through solutions tailored to local contexts. To sustain this progress, there is an urgent need for stronger Public-Private-Academic Partnerships, and enhanced capacity-building programs. By addressing these gaps, INCAM can maximize its role as a leading transcontinental hub for malaria control and elimination for China and Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide risk in people with tuberculosis in Republic of Korea: a nationwide cohort, 2012-2021.","authors":"Chiwook Chung, Seung Won Lee, Dawoon Jeong, Hongjo Choi, Hojoon Sohn, Young Ae Kang","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01424-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01424-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many individuals with tuberculosis (TB) experience various psychological problems after TB diagnosis, and they may also have suicidal ideations and suicidal attempts associated with TB-related depression or stigma. Until now, little is known about suicide rates among individuals with TB. We aimed to investigate the trends, characteristics, and contributing factors of suicide deaths among individuals with TB, using a Republic of Korea nationwide cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective nationwide cohort study using data of the K-TB-N cohort. We analyzed 310,194 individuals with TB registered in the Korean National Tuberculosis Surveillance System between 2012 and 2021. Suicidal deaths were identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes (X60-X84) from the Statistics Korea database. Participants were followed up until death, censoring, or December 2022. We calculated suicide incidence rates, examined temporal distribution of suicide occurrence following TB diagnosis using Poisson regression, and used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, including age-stratified analyses, to identify factors associated with suicide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether, 1314 (0.42%) died by suicide [1.6% of all deaths (1314/80,323)]. Men and individuals aged ≥ 60 years accounted for 76.9% and 56.1% of suicide deaths, respectively. Overall suicide incidence was 0.77/1000 person-years, more than twice as high in men compared to that in women (1.03 vs. 0.42/1000 person-years), and increased with age (from 0.32 in 20-29 years to 1.59 in ≥ 80 years/1000 person-years). Suicide incidence within one year after TB diagnosis was 2.04/1000 person-years. Notably, 31.3% of the suicides occurred during TB treatment. The incidence of suicide was highest immediately after TB diagnosis and tended to decrease over time. Male sex, older age, pulmonary TB, sputum smear positivity, comorbidities, and mental disorders were significantly associated with higher suicide risk. The risk factors for suicide showed different patterns across age groups (younger adults: pre-existing mental health conditions; middle-aged adults: low income and infectiousness; and older adults: comorbidities and disability).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suicide is a notable cause of death among individuals with TB in Republic of Korea, particularly early after diagnosis. The factors contributing to suicide risk differed depending on sex and age. Routine mental health screening and early targeted psychosocial intervention strategies should be integrated into national TB care programs to reduce preventable deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous duplication and point mutation of ace-1 confer organophosphates and carbamates resistance to Anopheles sinensis field populations in Guizhou Province, China.","authors":"Qiu-Qiu Xiao, Wei-Yi Li, Qiu-Guo Liang, Hai-Mo Shen, Jin-Zhi Cheng, Xi Yang, Jun-Hu Chen, Jia-Hong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01421-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01421-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guizhou Province has historically been a region severely affected by malaria in China. For decades, vector control has served as a cornerstone of national efforts to control and eliminate malaria. However, the efficacy of this strategy is largely challenged by the development of insecticide resistance. In the present study, the resistance status to organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs) of Anopheles sinensis field populations across Guizhou Province was investigated with a primary focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2017 to 2024, mosquitoes were collected intermittently using mosquito-killing lamps across Guizhou Province. An. sinensis specimens were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Subsequently, we genotyped the ace-1 gene via PCR and measured acetylcholinesterase1 (AChE1) residual activity using biochemical assays. Whole-genome sequencing of individual mosquitoes was performed using Illumina sequencing, and the copy number of the ace-1 gene was quantified by standard genomic DNA quantitative PCR. Two independent-sample t-test and a chi-squared test had been used in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female An. sinensis were collected from 12 field populations across Guizhou Province. Following species identification, point mutations in the ace-1 gene were detected in 551 mosquito samples. Only one point mutation, G119S, was identified across all populations, with the frequency of the ace-1 mutant genotypes (119GS and 119SS) exceeding 66% in 11 out of the 12 populations. Heterozygotes were the predominant genotype. The AChE1 activity was not inhibited by propoxur in 10 populations. A significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in 6 of the 12 populations, indicating an excess of heterozygotes in these populations. Notably, heterogeneous duplication of the ace-1 gene in An. sinensis was detected for the first time through genomic scanning and ace-1 copy number quantification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resistance to OPs and CBs is widespread in An. sinensis populations across Guizhou Province. Both heterogeneous duplication and point mutation of the ace-1 gene in An. sinensis likely contribute to resistance to OPs and CBs. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring duplicated resistance alleles in natural populations to formulate region-specific resistance management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic challenges of histidine-rich protein 2-based rapid diagnostic tests due to pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in asymptomatic malaria in Tanzania.","authors":"Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Johnsy Mary Louis, Fadhila Fitriana, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fauzi Muh, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Eun-Taek Han, Feng Lu, Winifrida Kidima, Jin-Hee Han","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01397-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01397-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are critical for malaria diagnosis in Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, the spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasites with pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions challenges their effectiveness, raising concerns in affected areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions and evaluate the diagnostic performance of HRP2-based RDTs in detecting asymptomatic malaria infections in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional community survey study aimed to determine the prevalence of pfhrp2/3 gene deletions from asymptomatic malaria population in Tanzania. Moreover, the study intended to assess the performance of HRP2-based RDT and light microscopy (LM) in detecting asymptomatic malaria infections. The survey was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 in twelve villages (8 villages from high malaria transmission areas and 4 in low endemicity). Diagnosis was done by RDT, LM and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A multiplex qPCR was employed on P. falciparum mono-infection isolates to assess the prevalence of pfhrp2/3 gene deletions. Unpaired t-tests and one-way ANOVA were performed to evaluate associations between log₁₀-transformed parasitaemia levels and gene deletion profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3489 participants, RDT detected 710 (77.6%) of 915 qPCR-positive cases, compared to 492 (53.8%) by LM. Compared with qPCR, RDT produced 143 (5.6%) false positives and 205 (22.4%) false negatives, whereas LM had 60 (2.3%) false positives and 423 (46.2%) false negatives. Overall accuracy was similar for RDT (90.0%) and LM (86.2%), with higher sensitivity for RDT. Agreement with qPCR in asymptomatic cases was substantial for RDT (κ = 0.736), whereas it was moderate for LM (κ = 0.590). Multiplex qPCR revealed pfhrp2 or pfhrp3 deletions in 93 (11.8%) of 787 samples, including 19 (2.4%) dual-deletion isolates, all of which were RDT negative. Deletions were more frequent in high-transmission villages (76 cases, 9.7%) than in low-transmission villages (17 cases, 2.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support the continued effectiveness of HRP2-based RDTs in detecting asymptomatic P. falciparum infections in Tanzania, despite the presence of some pfhrp2/3 gene deletions. However, the potential increase in deletion prevalence and the limitations of cross-sectional data highlight the need for ongoing molecular surveillance. Collectively, these findings provide a critical foundation for sustained surveillance and for clarifying the epidemiological significance of asymptomatic malaria in Tanzania.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards tuberculosis elimination in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: evidence from a two-decade nationwide cohort in Spain.","authors":"Roser Navarro-Soler, Alfonso Muriel, Chiara Fanciulli, José I Bernardino, Carmen Sáez, Javier Zamora, Borja M Fernandez-Felix, Alejandro G García-Ruíz de Morales, Eva Poveda, Álvaro Mena de Cea, Javier Martínez-Sanz, Santiago Moreno, Sergio Serrano-Villar","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01426-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01426-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) incidence among people with HIV (PWH) has fallen in many high-income settings, yet residual risk persists, and tools to identify those still vulnerable are limited. This study aimed to evaluate TB incidence trends, identify risk factors, and develop a predictive score in PWH in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective nationwide cohort study using the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2004 and 2023 were followed from ART start until incident TB, death, or censoring. Incidence rates were expressed per 1000 person-years; temporal trends were evaluated across four calendar periods. Independent risk factors were identified with multivariable Cox models, and a predictive score was internally validated with bootstrapping and ROC analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 16,476 PWH contributing 50,414 person-years, 61 developed TB, yielding an overall incidence of 1.21 cases/1000 person-years (95% CI 0.94-1.56). TB incidence rate declined by 97% between 2004-2008 and 2019-2023 (from 9.1 to 0.2 cases per 1000 person-years; IRR = 0.026, 95% CI 0.004-0.19). Injection-drug use (HR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.21-5.66), low educational attainment (HR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.05-7.51), baseline HIV-RNA viral load > 1 million copies/ml (HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.00-2.82) and positive latent-TB infection (LTBI) screening (HR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.79-7.01) independently predicted incident TB. A four-variable model showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI 0.65-0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Universal ART and comprehensive LTBI management have driven a large decrease in TB incidence in Spanish PWH, but a small subset-characterised by social vulnerability, high viraemia and positive LTBI tests-remains at elevated risk. The validated risk score offers a pragmatic tool to target preventive therapy and surveillance where most needed in low-incidence, high-care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}