International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

{"title":"Temporal pattern of dental caries at the western flank of the Central Plateau of Iran, c. 2700 BCE – 1600 CE","authors":"Tabasom Ilkhan ,&nbsp;Joanna Trębicka ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Sołtysiak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the overall frequency and inter-tooth patterns of caries in three populations from ancient cemeteries located along the western border of the Central Iranian Plateau as a means to explore whether the populations of Iran had greater access to fermentable sugars after the establishment of the great empires.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Dental collections from Kafarved-Varzaneh (Early Bronze Age, MNI=66), Estark-Joshaqan (Iron Age, MNI=57), Tappeh Poustchi (Timurid and Safavid Period, MNI=34), together with comparative data from NE Syria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Frequencies of dental caries per tooth categories, location and size of carious lesions are analyzed using Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence, Correspondence Analysis, χ² and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are minimal differences in overall frequencies of carious lesions at Iranian sites, regardless of the chronology, but notable differences at Syrian sites. The inter-tooth pattern at the Iron Age cemetery in Estark appears distinctly different than the other Iranian sites and the comparative samples from Syria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Divergent subsistence strategies may be linked with different inter-tooth patterns since people buried at Estark were mobile herders, while the other cemeteries were used by settled farmers.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This comprehensive research on dental caries in three chronologically diverse populations in Iran sheds light on the association between dental caries and subsistence strategies, and introduces the Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence to explore inter-tooth carious patterns, which may prove useful to other researchers seeking to understand the relationships between subsistence, diet, and the presence of carious lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The studied sample size is relatively small and therefore its temporal/regional distribution produces low-resolution results.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>More systematic research on the patterns of dental caries is necessary to produce more fine-grained reconstructions of diet and subsistence in Iran and around the globe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Disability and care in Western Europe during Medieval times: A bioarchaeological perspective” [Int. J. Paleopathol. 44 (2024) 119–125]","authors":"Ileana Micarelli ,&nbsp;Mary Anne Tafuri ,&nbsp;Lorna Tilley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Page 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002018/pdfft?md5=c3945deb22e0e16a4f24d63cf4f3b966&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two cases of smallpox from 1540 CE circum-contact (early colonial) Northern Coastal Peru","authors":"Khrystyne Tschinkel ,&nbsp;John Verano ,&nbsp;Gabriel Prieto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1–2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic and radiographic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone. These features are consistent with osteomyelitis variolosa and bacterial osteomyelitis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Three features of Individuals IG-124 and IG-493 suggest a highly consistent diagnosis of osteomyelitis variolosa: multiple skeletal lesions, the historical context of the area, and the high mortality rate of non-adults in the circum-contact cemetery.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Although viral infections are ubiquitous and well documented historically, their etiologies are often difficult to determine in archaeological populations. <em>Orthopoxvirus variola</em> (smallpox) is one of the many viruses whose archaeological impact is still under explored in skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The absence of smallpox in other children from the Huanchaco cemetery creates difficulty in ascertaining true prevalence rates or information on potential outbreaks.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Further research analyzing aDNA from calculus and/or residues using a <em>DIP</em>-GC-MS method might create a better understanding of how smallpox spread through the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724001992/pdfft?md5=3179789233e30ad35bab42123adb2aed&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724001992-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on anemia: Factors confounding understanding of past occurrence","authors":"Megan B. Brickley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper reviews factors confounding the understanding of the past occurrence of anemia. Using the evidence gathered, a framework is presented of ways forward to enable greater confidence in diagnosing acquired anemia in paleopathology, facilitating insights into longer-term perspectives on this globally relevant condition.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>To date, porotic lesions have been central to paleopathological investigations of anemia. The fact that porotic bone lesions are omnipresent and have multiple causes but are likely to have a relatively low, age-related frequency in individuals with anemia, a condition that will have been common in past communities, is confounding.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Establishing frameworks that move away from porotic lesions is proposed to facilitate higher levels of more accurate anemia diagnoses in paleopathology.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Acceptance of the fundamental principle that anemia may be better considered as a condition requiring metric evaluation of bone structures, supplemented by careful consideration of lesions, will advance understanding of acquired anemia in past communities. Such an approach would provide a clear basis for further consideration of congenital conditions causing anemia, such as sickle-cell disease and thalassemia.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This paper simply opens the conversation on the better diagnosis of anemia in paleopathology; it starts the iterative process of achieving some consensus and progress on diagnosing anemia in paleopathology.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Engagement with ideas presented, sharing data and development of metric parameters will assist in identifying the effects of marrow hyperplasia on bone, enabling more robust work on the important topic of anemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000761/pdfft?md5=9ad49c89bed1d28fc836198254146fbb&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000761-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance for the identification of bony lesions related to smallpox","authors":"Rosie R. Crawford ,&nbsp;Claire M. Hodson ,&nbsp;David Errickson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This research aimed to address the underrepresentation of smallpox (osteomyelitis variolosa) in palaeopathology, providing a synthesis of published literature and presenting guidance for the identification of osteomyelitis variolosa in non-adult and adult skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Literature regarding smallpox and published reports of individuals with osteomyelitis variolosa were synthesised and critiqued to produce clear diagnostic criteria for the identification of smallpox osteologically.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Associated osteological changes begin in non-adults, where skeletal morphology is rapidly changing. Characteristic lesions associated with non-adult osteomyelitis variolosa include inflammation and destructive remodelling of long-bone joints and metaphyses. Where childhood infection was survived, residual osteomyelitis variolosa lesions should also be visible in adults in the osteoarchaeological record.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite long-term clinical recognition, only limited osteological and archaeological evidence of osteomyelitis variolosa has yet emerged. With improved diagnostic criteria, osteomyelitis variolosa may be more frequently identified.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This is the first synthesis of osteomyelitis variolosa encompassing both clinical and palaeopathological literature, providing detailed guidance for the identification of osteomyelitis variolosa in skeletal remains. It will lead to the increased identification of smallpox osteologically.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Differential diagnoses should always be considered. The archaeological longevity of smallpox, and the potential for archaeological VARV to cause clinically recognised smallpox, is currently unknown. Characteristic bone changes in the archaeological record may be other, extinct human-infecting-orthopoxviruses.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Further consideration of the implications of age of smallpox contraction on bony pathology: whether epiphyses are affected differently due to state of fusion. Reassessment of individuals previously identified with smallpox-consistent lesions, but otherwise diagnosed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 65-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000773/pdfft?md5=bbea4a8c336455083a70b851b2329dd4&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000773-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the association between intestinal parasite infection and cribra orbitalia in the medieval population of Cambridge, UK","authors":"Tianyi Wang ,&nbsp;Jenna M. Dittmar ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Inskip ,&nbsp;Craig Cessford ,&nbsp;Piers D. Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Cribra orbitalia is believed to be a skeletal indicator of chronic anaemia, scurvy, rickets or related metabolic diseases. It has been suggested that it may be used as a proxy indicator for intestinal parasite infection, as parasites often cause anaemia today. Our aim is to investigate this association in the medieval population of Cambridge, UK.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Individuals excavated from the cemeteries of the Augustinian friary and All Saints by the Castle parish church, and aged from 7 to adulthood.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We undertook parasite analysis of the pelvic sediment and control samples of 46 burials with intact orbital roofs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Human roundworm (<em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>) and/or whipworm (<em>Trichuris trichiura</em>) were identified in the pelvic sediment of 22 individuals, and cribra orbitalia noted in 11 individuals. Barnards test showed no association between parasite infection and cribra orbitalia (p = .882).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We found no association between infection and cribra orbitalia infection in this medieval adult population, calling into question this hypothesis, at least for adults.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>High or low cribra orbitalia prevalence in adults should not be used to infer rates of intestinal parasite infection.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The individuals in the study were over the age of 7, with no younger children. It is possible that only parasites which cause marked anaemia (such as hookworm, schistosomiasis or malaria) may cause cribra orbitalia, while less marked anaemia from roundworm and whipworm may not do so.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Repeating this study in younger children, when most cribra orbitalia appears to form.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000712/pdfft?md5=c254ce05228664ad02e7e6f3ad305241&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000712-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138467941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental diseases and dental wear as a proxy for dietary patterns in Hellenistic-early Roman Menainon, Sicily","authors":"Antonio Caruso ,&nbsp;Efthymia Nikita","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper explores dental diseases and wear as a proxy for dietary patterns in Hellenistic-early Roman Menainon.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>This study includes 166 individuals (4th-1st c. BCE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Carious lesions, dental calculus, antemortem tooth loss, and dental wear were recorded to explore male-female and adult-juvenile differences, and to position Menainon in the broader Hellenistic/early Roman world through comparisons with published data from other sites.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Males and females showed similar rates of dental diseases. Dental wear, in contrast, was systematically greater in males. Caries rates were high in both adults and juveniles, but adults showed more calculus. The population from Menainon had higher frequencies for calculus and carious lesions compared to contemporary Italian and Greek assemblages, and a similar frequency for antemortem tooth loss.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Some sex-related differences in the dietary patterns of the Menainon population were visible but small. The diet of adults and juveniles must have been similar in terms of carbohydrate consumption but different with regard to protein consumption. The high frequency of carious lesions and calculus compared to other Greco-Roman sites suggests that this population must have had good access to dietary resources (protein and carbohydrates).</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This paper provides insights on gender (sex-related) and age divisions in the Hellenistic/early Roman society through the exploration of food consumption in a Sicilian assemblage.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Dividing the assemblage by sex and age group reduced considerably the sample size.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Stable isotopes and dental microwear analyses should be used to investigate dietary patterns further.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000700/pdfft?md5=03eff5b3d1559c97dc41df9f72f6b5ce&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000700-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138467937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of rheumatoid arthritis in a Nubian woman from the site of Sheikh Mohamed, near Aswan, Egypt","authors":"Madeleine Mant ,&nbsp;Mindy C. Pitre ,&nbsp;Sarah Dancer ,&nbsp;Maria Carmela Gatto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To differentially diagnose and contextualize pathological lesions suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The skeletal remains of a 25–30-year-old female dated to c. 1750–1550 BCE from a Nubian Pan-Grave cemetery at the site of Sheik Mohamed, near Aswan, Egypt.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and a differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols in the palaeopathological literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Symmetrical, bilateral, erosive periarticular lesions with smooth edges were observed in multiple joints (especially in the hands and feet).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Differential diagnosis suggests this individual had rheumatoid arthritis.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This case suggests the presence of rheumatoid arthritis in ancient Egypt, contributing to a more finely grained understanding of the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>It was not possible to radiograph the skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Researchers are encouraged to re-examine any archaeological examples of erosive polyarthropathy using current palaeopathological protocols and to explore the manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis on the African continent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000785/pdfft?md5=3eb0ee4d417829d7b8731d5165974a55&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000785-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal disease evidenced in the bone assemblage of a Late Neolithic settlement in Greece: Implications for animal management","authors":"Eleni K. Samartzidou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of the paper is to interpret pathologies on faunal remains in an effort to evaluate the presence of husbandry practices.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Bones and bone fragments from the Neolithic site of Dispilio, Greece. Those of domestic species were further studied.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The pathological cases were examined macroscopically, the lesions were described, images were taken, and differential diagnoses were undertaken using published literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>77 out of the 13,026 bones and bone fragments recovered displayed pathological conditions including oral disease, joint disease, trauma and congenital conditions. Most pathologies were found in the axial skeleton of caprines.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pathological conditions in caprines are possibly related to the use of overgrazed pastures and fattening of females and castrates. These cases indicate specific husbandry practices used at the site.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Reconstructing husbandry practices is complex, especially in extremely old sites with fragmentary remains. This study provides one of the very few studies of a large Neolithic animal bone assemblage providing insight into early human-animal interactions in Greece.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The research is based on the bone material of the two later occupation phases of the site. It includes material from one site.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>The bone assemblage of the earlier occupation phase should be studied for a diachronic investigation of husbandry practices at the site. Investigation of pathological cases in more settlements would provide a larger database for the evaluation of husbandry practices in Neolithic Greece.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724000032/pdfft?md5=84ea6672f96d7a1c171e368d3c1d67ae&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724000032-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic algorithm allows for a scientifically robust and reliable retrospective diagnosis using textual evidence from mid-19th century Basel, Switzerland","authors":"Wolfgang Krüger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Diagnosing disease from the past using historic textual sources can be controversial as to its accuracy. To overcome these objections, an empirical approach to the historical clinical data was developed. The approach follows a standardised, objective, and systematic evaluation, satisfying the requirements of the philosophy of science.</p></div><div><h3>Material</h3><p>Physician-managed medical records of mid-19th century patients reported to have suffered from tuberculosis.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A diagnostic algorithm, quantifying clinical data into a scoring system, was developed based on criteria recorded in the medical sources. The findings were compared to the autopsy results using the Receiver Operating Characteristics method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The generated scoring system correctly predicted the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 86% of patients in the study. 6% false negatives and 8% false positives were predicted.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It is possible to retrospectively diagnose in a reliable and scientifically robust manner under certain conditions. It is important to embed the clinical data into the historical context. A general rejection of retrospective diagnosis is unsubstantiated. Well-designed, disease-specific, and source adapted medical scoring systems are new approaches and overcome criticism raised against retrospective diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This new approach utilises diverse historic sources and potentially leads to reliable retrospective diagnosis of most common diseases of the past.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Selection bias of the records allocated. Quality of the historic sources utilized. Restricted statistical assessment potential of historic sources.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Development of disease- and epoch-specific medical score systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724000019/pdfft?md5=9339e55fcbff1ddd61a739059b6d3534&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}