International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

{"title":"Eimeria leuckarti in equid coprolites from the Sassanid Era (2nd–6th century CE) excavated in Chehrabad Salt Mine archaeological site, Iran","authors":"Zeynab Askari ,&nbsp;Alireza Sazmand ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Mowlavi ,&nbsp;Frank Rüehli ,&nbsp;Saied Reza Naddaf ,&nbsp;Mostafa Rezaeian ,&nbsp;Thomas Stöllner ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Aali ,&nbsp;Niloofar Paknezhad ,&nbsp;Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study reports coccidian oocysts in an equid coprolite dated to the Sassanid Empire (2nd–6th century CE) recovered in Chehrabad Salt Mine archaeological site, Iran.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Between 2015 and 2017, an archaeoparasitological investigation led to the discovery of an equid coprolite in the Chehrabad Salt Mine archeological site, (Douzlakh), western Iran. Samples were rehydrated using trisodium phosphate solution and were examined by light microscopy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seven oocysts of <em>Eimeria leuckarti</em> (Flesch, 1883) were identified; they were in various stages of sporulation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first report of ancient coccidian oocysts from equids. The importance of this observation is discussed, and current knowledge of eimeriid oocysts at archaeological sites is reviewed.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The observations of <em>E. leuckarti</em> increases current knowledge of parasite biodiversity in ancient Iran when it rested along the Silk Road, a network of trade routes connecting the East and West that was central to economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between these regions, and to livestock movement that could contribute to the transmission of the parasites from/to other regions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The contextual information about animal species present in and around the Salt Mine during its working periods, including Achaemenid dynasty (6th to 4th century BCE) and Sassanid era (2nd to 6th century CE), is very limited and does not allow secure conclusions regarding the host origin of the coprolites.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Application of molecular biology tools to identify the correct host origin of the coprolites and to detect more parasite species is advocated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000724/pdfft?md5=41e76480bdd97ea6946b207cdfa06cf6&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000724-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138474825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental analysis using portable X-ray fluorescence: Guidelines for the study of dry human bone","authors":"Ricardo A.M.P. Gomes ,&nbsp;Ana Luisa Santos ,&nbsp;Lidia Catarino","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-destructive technique that measures the elemental concentration of different materials, including human bone. Recently, it began to be applied to paleopathological studies due to the development of portable devices and their relative ease of use. However, the lack of uniform procedures hampers comparability and reproducibility. This paper aims to provide guidelines for an efficient and standardized evaluation of bone elemental composition with a portable XRF (pXRF) device.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>This technical note is based on the application of the Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t 900 GOLDD+.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This work includes suggestions for the choice and preparation of human bone samples, both from archaeological context and documented collections, and methodological procedures in pXRF setup, such as choice of calibration, assessment of accuracy, and analysis run time. Additionally, recommendations for data validation and statistical analysis are also included.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This technique has great potential in paleopathology since bone chemical variations may be associated with different pathological conditions, environmental contamination (e.g., lead), and/or administered treatments, such as mercury. Following an expected increase in the number of studies, it is essential to establish good practices that allow results from different researchers to be comparable.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>X-ray fluorescence is a non-destructive technique that measures small concentrations (ppm) of elements from magnesium (12Mg) through bismuth (83Bi).</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>pXRF does not detect elements lighter than Mg, and its lower energy excitation penetrates less than other techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Other research groups should test these guidelines and comment on their usefulness and replicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 85-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000797/pdfft?md5=0734257cc4e04834e72eaa1c8e4f7658&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic maxillary sinusitis in palaeopathology: A review of methods","authors":"Matthew James Lee ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Siek ,&nbsp;Cara Stella Hirst","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study reviews the palaeopathological literature discussing maxillary sinusitis to examine current trends and issues within the study of this condition, and to make recommendations for future research in this area.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Seventy-five studies were identified through a literature search of digital and physical sources.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Information regarding study metadata, the populations investigated, sinusitis diagnostic criteria, and sinusitis prevalence was examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Populations from the UK and Europe were the most studied, reflecting both palaeopathology’s systemic colonialism and academic legacies. Most studies used diagnostic criteria published in the mid‐1990s, with some subsequent studies modifying these criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The diagnostic criteria from 1995 are widely used but do not include all possible bone changes seen within sinusitis. There is also a need for researchers to engage in issues of data reductionism when using descriptive categories for archaeological sites and populations.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This paper provides considerations as to how the 1995 diagnostic criteria may be revised by future researchers and synthesises much of the published sinusitis prevalence data to assist researchers interested in the palaeopathology of respiratory disease.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>More general osteological research, which includes palaeopathological information, was likely missed from this review due to the choice of key terms and languages used in the literature search.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Additional research into sinusitis in archaeological populations outside of Western Europe is required. Further work examining the ability to compare pathological data from macroscopic observation and medical imaging would be advantageous to palaeopathology as a whole.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981723000748/pdfft?md5=6ba9b205198cd81e79fff5eb30fb62cb&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981723000748-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery under siege: A case study of leg amputation in 18th century Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, Canada","authors":"N. Hughes ,&nbsp;A.B Scott ,&nbsp;D. Pitcher","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Paleopathological analysis of a below-knee amputation was conducted to explore the sociocultural reasons why the amputation took place.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Older adolescent male (18–21 years) from the New Englander mass burial at the 18th century Fortress of Louisbourg.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic assessment and archival data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A surgical amputation of the right tibia and fibula, distal to the knee was identified. The cross-sectional diaphysis of the leg has kerf marks and a splinter (breakaway point) at the posterior-lateral border of the tibia suggesting the leg gave way from its own weight or was manually removed once most of the sawing was complete.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Archival records suggest frostbite from prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures and trauma from unsafe working conditions at the Fortress were the main causes that led to amputation.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This case study highlights the importance of contextualizing cases of amputation to understand factors leading to the amputation procedure and techniques used in the past, and the social and living conditions of the individual.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Observations were restricted to skeletal material as soft tissue decomposed and there was no material evidence suggestive of amputation associated with this individual in their grave.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Full trauma assessment of the Fortress of Louisbourg skeletal collection to provide additional insight into injury sustained at Louisbourg and 18th century surgical practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724000020/pdfft?md5=dc8c699940d58945d6f674e3c3ecef95&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724000020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pathological lesion or a postmortem artefact? An interdisciplinary approach to deal with an interesting early medieval case","authors":"Martina Fojtová ,&nbsp;Jan Křístek ,&nbsp;Lukáš Kučera","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study evaluates a case of pseudopathology and the effects that postmortem taphonomic changes and environmental influences can have on bone.</p></div><div><h3>Material</h3><p>A skeleton of a young male from the early medieval site Staré Město, dated to the 9th–10th century CE.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>The skeletal remains were subjected to detailed macroscopic and X-ray examination, and then a CT scan and </span>XRF analysis were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>X-ray examination of the mandible revealed unusually dense structures, whose appearance was not consistent with any known pathology. Based on the results of CT scanning, it was hypothesized that these were cavities filled with </span>alluvial sediment. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), focusing on the determination of the silica content, revealed a high intensity of silica in the samples of the affected area of the bone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The hypothesis that the inclusions were composed of waterborne sediment was supported.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Although it is well known that soil can infiltrate bones buried in the ground, its appearance on plain radiographs is not that commonly known. The case illustrates the usefulness of differentiating true pathologies from postmortem alterations to avoid inappropriate interpretations.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>No similar cases have been described.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestion for further research</h3><p>In palaeopathological evaluation, the use of multiple imaging and evaluative techniques should be implemented to differentiate pathological lesions from pseudopathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the promontory a promising site to diagnose otitis media in paleopathology? A search for evidence","authors":"Stefan Flohr ,&nbsp;Uwe Kierdorf ,&nbsp;Horst Kierdorf ,&nbsp;Albert Mudry","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The promontory of the middle ear was recently suggested to be an appropriate site for diagnosing otitis media (OM) in archaeological bones by endoscopic inspection. The present study scrutinized the underlying assumption that a bulgy, irregular promontorial surface represents a pathological condition.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>We compared an allegedly healthy individual and an allegedly diseased individual in skeletal remains of two human individuals from the early Medieval period in Germany.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The specimens were studied using microscopic analyses of thin ground sections.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The osseous architecture of the three-layered promontorial wall was the same in both specimens. Both the contour of the resorption front of the middle layer and the thickness of the overlying outer periosteal layer showed some variation, resulting in an either smooth or a bulgy promontorial surface, while signs of resorptive or proliferative changes at the periosteal surface were missing in both cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that an irregular promontorial surface represents normal variation in the development of the otic capsule rather than a pathological condition. We therefore conclude that the promontory is not an appropriate site for diagnosing OM in archaeological bone.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The study contributes to evidence-based diagnoses in paleo-otological studies. Our assumption is in line with clinical and experimental findings indicating that the otic capsule is protected against bone remodeling.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Only two specimens were studied.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>SEM-studies to detect more subtle changes to the promontorial surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic cubitus valgus consequent of distal humeral fracture: Two case studies from the Holocene Later Stone Age in southern Africa","authors":"Calvin G. Mole ,&nbsp;Deano D. Stynder ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Gibbon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Distal fractures of the humerus and their complications have rarely been described or analysed in the palaeopathological literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate two cases of distal humeral fracture with associated cubitus valgus observed in two individuals from the context of the Later Stone Age (LSA) in southern Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Skeletal remains of two individuals. A middle-aged female radiocarbon dated to <em>c.</em>160 BP and a middle-aged male radiocarbon dated to <em>c.</em>2 300 BP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Remains were macroscopically and radiographically assessed for injury.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both cases presented with healed antemortem injury to the right elbow attributed to possible falls. Distal humeral fracture resulted in non-union of the lateral epicondyle with extensive morphological changes to the elbow joint including an increased carrying angle. Morphological and osteoarthritic changes suggest a survival period of several years post-injury.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Cubitus valgus following traumatic injury has rarely been reported amongst historic or prehistoric populations. The described injuries would have had physical and functional consequences, raising questions relating to probable care received during the healing process. The elbow injuries would have resulted in restricted motion and instability of the elbow joint, with a high likelihood of ulnar neuropathy.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The contextual information for these individuals is limited and do not permit broader population level study.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Formal biomechanical analysis including cross-sectional geometry analysis will provide further information regarding complications and strengthen the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy. Further research is necessary on the prevalence and complications of humeral fracture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental health in Roman dogs: A pilot study using standardized examination methods","authors":"Monika Schernig-Mráz ,&nbsp;Anne L. Grauer ,&nbsp;Gottfried Morgenegg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To utilize standardized clinical veterinary methods to analyze dental health in a series of Roman dog maxillae and mandibles and to compare results to modern clinical data.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>28 skulls of juvenile and adult dogs from three archaeological sites in Switzerland and Germany dating to the Roman period.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Standardized examination was carried out, which included metric radiographic assessment to diagnose oral pathology and estimate age at death. In one case, CT analysis was undertaken.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The estimated average age at death was between three and four years old. Tooth fracture, periodontal disease, the presence of non-vital teeth, and brachycephalic skull form were found in the sample. Tooth resorption was unexpectedly noted.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study provides valuable insights into the dental health of dogs in the Roman era. Compared to modern dogs, Roman dogs examined in this study appear to have a shorter lifespan but display a high rate of pathological dental disease, while disease patterns were very similar to those of modern dogs. Dogs with pronounced brachycephalic features were found.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This pilot study is the first to use standardized clinical examination and recording techniques to assess dental health in dogs from archaeological contexts. It provides insight into the dental health of Roman era dogs and offers data upon which cross-populational studies can be initiated.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample size and geographic location of the archaeological sites were limited.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Subsequent standardized studies, preferably in as many different Roman Empire regions as possible, are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy from medieval Tuscany (central Italy, 10th-12th centuries CE)","authors":"Valentina Giuffra ,&nbsp;Simona Minozzi ,&nbsp;Giacomo Aringhieri ,&nbsp;Stefano Campana ,&nbsp;Giulia Riccomi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aims to provide a detailed evaluation of a case of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) and to explore insights into the presence and consequences of disease in medieval rural Italy.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The skeleton of a male (US 4405) with an estimated age at death of 51–69 years excavated from the medieval rural site of Pieve di Pava (Siena, Italy).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic and radiological (x-ray, CT) analyses were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Symmetrical extensive periosteal new bone formation on the diaphyseal and metaphyseal regions of this individual’s long bones; the lower limbs were more extensively and severely affected than the upper limbs and the distal segments were more severely altered in comparison to the proximal ones.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The macroscopic and radiological features are highly consistent with a diagnosis of secondary HOA.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The excellent state of preservation allowed the evaluation of rarely noted skeletal manifestations of HOA and provided insight into aspects of rural life in medieval Italy.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Molecular analysis was not successful in sequencing the aDNA of tuberculosis, therefore the underlying primary cause of secondary HOA, whether pulmonary or extrapulmonary, remains obscure in this case.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestion for the future research</h3><p>It is advisable to regularly revisit the data available from osteoarchaeological collections in order to identify further cases of HOA, along with to further investigate the known cases to search for the underlying primary disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential diagnosis of a calcified object from the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt","authors":"Gretchen R. Dabbs","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper provides a brief history of the publication of calcified biological objects and presents one that was present in the grave associated with a mature adult female buried in the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt (c. 1353–1332BCE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Macroscopic examination revealed an ovoid object constructed of concentric layers of a coarse sand-like material oriented around a dense core that lacked evidence of parasites. Microscopic examination revealed the object is composed of densely, yet haphazardly packed, elongated octahedron shaped crystals with no evidence of cellular structures. Basic chemical analysis eliminated </span>calcium carbonate as a constituent material.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on comparison with previously published examples from the archaeological and clinical literature and careful differential diagnosis, it is suggested this object is a bladder stone.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>A brief discussion of the implications of bladder stones on individual health and broader epidemiological constraints to illustrate the depth such discoveries can bring to our understanding of ancient lived experience concludes the work.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The burial of Ind. 286 was disturbed. The identification of a bladder stone presumes the stone would have been found within the pelvic cavity, which cannot be confirmed. Other graves in the vicinity of this grave were also disturbed. It is unlikely, but still possible, that the stone originated from another grave and was relocated to this grave after disturbance. Full chemical analysis was not possible.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Radiographic and chemical analysis would provide more information to strengthen the certainty of the differential diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41126097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}