International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

{"title":"Ossicular chain changes revealed middle ear inflammation in medieval rural central Italy (Tuscany 10th-12th century)","authors":"Emy Gentile ,&nbsp;Valentina Giuffra ,&nbsp;Stefano Campana ,&nbsp;Giulia Riccomi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the prevalence of chronic otitis media in the medieval rural site of Pieve di Pava (central Italy) by analysing pathological changes in auditory ossicles and to investigate specific risk factors responsible for middle ear inflammation in a rural environment.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A total of 224 ossicles from 119 individuals (20 pre-adults and 99 adults) were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stereomicroscopic observation was used to evaluate osteoclastic and osteoblastic COM-related bone changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>COM-related bone changes were observed in 52 ossicles, pertaining to 39 individuals (25 % of pre-adults and 34.3 % of adults), with no statistically significant difference between adult males and females. Pitting was the most common lesion-type (82.7 %), while new bone formation was less common (13.5 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Compared to urban medieval sites in western and northern-eastern Europe, the individuals from rural Pieve di Pava exhibited lower rates of chronic otitis media. This may be attributed to reduced exposure to urban-risk factors, such as indoor air pollution and overcrowding. Conversely, rural-specific factors, like farming, husbandry, and craft activities, might have influenced the observed prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The broad range of lesion-types on the ossicles and their severity helped us to provide diagnostic criteria for assessing COM in paleopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The inability to examine all ossicles per individual, as well as the restricted number of pre-adults compared to adults.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Future research</h3><div>Further archaeological population-based studies examining ossicles from different time periods and urban/rural settings across Mediterranean Europe could provide insights into the prevalence of chronic otitis media with a diachronic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of disability and care during Inca times","authors":"Catalina Morales,&nbsp;Francisco Garrido","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate pathological lesions observed in an individual and use them as a means to explore cultural patterns of caregiving.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A well-preserved female skeleton aged 45 years or older exhibiting an unusual distribution and severity of alterations on joints. The individual comes from a Late Horizon cemetery (1400–1550 CE) in the Copiapó Valley, northern Chile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Visual analysis was utilized to estimate sex and age, followed by a paleopathological differential diagnosis. Additionally, a model of disability and care was applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our examination suggests the presence of a polyarticular arthritic condition. The differential diagnosis pointed to spondyloarthritis, affecting the spine, sacrum, hands, knees and feet. The individual was buried without any discernible distinction from others within their local group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case presents new evidence of the presence of spondyloarthritis in populations of South America before Spanish colonization, which probably produced mobility limitations. Additionally, it provides evidence of caregiving practices in the Copiapó society during the Late Horizon.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Our study contributes to the understanding of spondyloarthritis during the Inca period in northern Chile and indicates that despite living in a time of political transformation, labor demands, and social pressures related to Inca territorial expansion, caregivers appeared to have possessed adequate resources and time to offer aid and secure survival for individuals impacted by chronic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Molecular indicators of arthritis were not included in our analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>A comparative study involving other instances of arthropathies associated with inflammatory disorders in the Andes region could offer valuable insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archeometric detection of mercury: A paleopharmacological case study of skeletal remains of a child with vitamin deficiencies (Rouen, France, late 18–19th centuries)","authors":"Alexandra Zinn ,&nbsp;Aminte Thomann ,&nbsp;Yannick Lefrais ,&nbsp;Olivier Dutour ,&nbsp;Antony Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The French medico-historical literature reports the common use of mercury-based treatments until the mid-19th century. An exploratory paleopharmacological approach is presented for detecting mercury in a child’s skeletal remains suffering from vitamin deficiencies. This aims to corroborate written sources and provide a way to better understand disease therapeutic management.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>This study focuses on a 3–4-year-old child showing signs of rickets and possible scurvy from “rue Thubeuf<em>”</em> cemetery (Rouen, late 18–19th centuries). Analysis was carried out on a thoracic vertebral body and the right second deciduous mandibular molar.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) provided mercury detection and quantification. Micro-CT analysis was implemented to detect the interglobular dentine potentially related to vitamin D deficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ED-XRF spectrum showed a mercury peak for the vertebra, none for the molar. The vertebra CV-AAS analysis revealed a high mercury rate of 9.373 mg/kg.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The individual was likely exposed to high mercury levels originating from therapeutic treatment, potentially for vitamin deficiencies, in the last months of life.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Paleopharmacological analysis is an important tool in the analysis of medical treatment in the past.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Soil analysis could contribute to improved knowledge of contamination sources.</div></div><div><h3>Further research</h3><div>This approach should be expanded to more individuals to better assess the treatment frequency of vitamin deficiency diseases during industrialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathology of sacrifice: Dogs from an early Roman ‘ritual’ shaft in southern England","authors":"Ellen Green","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the health of a large assemblage of Romano-British dogs recovered from the first century CE ritual shaft on the Nescot site in Surrey, England.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>5463 dog bones comprising an MNI of 140 individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bone fragments were visually inspected for pathology. In the case of suspected fractures, radiographic images were taken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lesions were observed in 2.26 % of skeletal remains and 14.06 % of dentition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Nescot dogs have similar rates of skeletal pathology to those recovered from other ‘ritual’ or cemetery contexts but lower rates than those recovered from Romano-British urban contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Nescot represents one of the largest dog assemblages recovered from a ritual context and thus is a valuable for investigating the treatment of dogs. This study has highlighted the importance of standardised recording and quantification of pathology in zooarchaeology, as well as the importance of specialist involvement during excavation.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Limited recording at excavation level and the disarticulated nature of the bone limited examination at an ‘individual’ level. This made comparisons with other Romano-British sites challenging. No comparative data was available to assess the rates of dental pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Given that the majority of zooarchaeological assemblages are disarticulated, the use of prevalence rates by element would greatly expand the amount of comparative data available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A historical case of Eagle’s syndrome from the Constantine-Helena Church, Niğde, Türkiye","authors":"Gülfem Uysal ,&nbsp;Benjamin Irvine ,&nbsp;Kameray Özdemir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate a case of elongated styloid processes in an individual from a Byzantine burial.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>One well preserved adult human skeleton dated to the 7th-9th centuries buried within the church of Constantine-Helena near Niğde in the Cappadocia region of Anatolia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Macroscopic and metric analysis using a digital sliding calliper, enhanced and complemented by a Multi-Detector Computer Tomography scan of the cranium.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individual was estimated to be an old adult male. Total lengths of the left styloid process were 79.0 mm using a calliper and 78.7 mm based on computerised digital measurement. The right styloid process measured 73.0 mm using a calliper and 75.5 mm based on computerised digital measurement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bilateral elongation of the styloid processes and Eagle’s syndrome were confirmed based on the lengths of the styloid processes greater than the normal range. The most consistent aetiology of the condition in this instance is anatomic variance.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Recognising the presence of Eagle Syndrome in the past provides insight into population dynamics and potentially the evolution of this condition.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only a single individual was evaluated without aDNA analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Further analysis and review of skeletal populations, using standardised methods and modern imaging techniques, to identify this condition geographically and chronologically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spavin in modern and archaeological cattle: Reassessing its association with traction use","authors":"Phoebe Liu ,&nbsp;Lenny Salvagno ,&nbsp;Umberto Albarella","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the correlations of biological factors, including age, body size, and sex, with the occurrence of spavin, demonstrating that using spavin to indicate cattle use for draught work from archaeological sites is questionable.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Metatarsals from 126 modern non-draught cattle kept under similar conditions, along with published data of 18 draught oxen.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study demonstrates that spavin strongly correlates with age, body weight, and to some extent, restricted movement, with no observed correlation with sex in non-draught cattle. No significant difference in spavin prevalence was found between the draught and non-draught groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Age, body weight, and potentially restricted movement, may partly explain the higher frequency of spavin observed in historic times compared to prehistory, reflecting changes in livestock management. The potential influence of traction on spavin should not be ignored, but this paper argues that the connection between spavin and draught use is primarily mediated by age and other factors.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study presents the first systematic analysis of one of the most frequently described palaeopathology in cattle, suggesting that spavin should not be uncritically used to identify draught cattle.</div></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><div>We have not found a significant relationship between sex and spavin occurrence, but this is worth further exploration.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Sexing pathological metatarsals from archaeological sites in future works could contribute to clarifying the causes of spavin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative approach to bony changes in maxillary and frontal sinuses as indicators of upper respiratory health","authors":"Jeannette Becker ,&nbsp;Sylvia Kirchengast","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The central aspect of this study is to provide a detailed comparison of bony changes in the maxillary and frontal sinuses in human skeletal remains in an effort to assist researchers record lesions and assist with potential diagnoses.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>198 adult human remains from a medieval Avar population from Vienna, Austria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analysis of bony changes using an endoscopic multifunctional camera with an ultra-small lens and adjustable LED lights.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most common findings in both the maxillary and frontal sinuses are “pitting” and “white pitted bone”. However, significant differences between the maxillary and frontal sinuses regarding the frequency and variation of bony lesions exist.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The maxillary sinuses exhibited significantly greater prevalence of bony changes compared to the frontal sinuses but frontal sinuses, which generally are less frequently affected by inflammatory, malignant, or benign lesions, may ultimately provide more informative insights in paleopathological studies concerning the health of the upper airways than the maxillary sinuses.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Considering that most paleopathological studies on paranasal sinuses focus primarily on the maxillary sinuses, this study provides comparative data on the diversity of bony changes found in the frontal sinuses as a means to assist paleopathological recording and potentially eventual diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The lack of knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying individual bony features complicates interpretation, particularly in paleopathological studies.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>A further examination of all paranasal sinuses (including the sphenoid sinuses and ethmoidal cells) is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level spondylolysis at Egiin Gol: A case from Xiongnu period Mongolia","authors":"Angela R. Lieverse ,&nbsp;Iderkhangai Tumur-Ochir ,&nbsp;Orgilbayar Samdantsoodol ,&nbsp;Tatiana Nomokonova ,&nbsp;Robert Losey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper presents and discusses the aetiology of an extreme case of multi-level spondylolysis with unique presentation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The affected individual is an adult male from Xiongnu period (209 BCE to 93 CE) Egiin Gol, northern Mongolia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyses were limited to macroscopic and non-invasive methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven complete spondylolytic clefts were documented on four vertebrae between T12 and L4, with only one located on L4, where most cases of spondylolysis occur, and four defects had atypical morphology. Evidence of spondylolisthesis was also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Congenital susceptibility to spondylolysis, combined with a physically demanding lifestyle, likely account for the condition’s unusual manifestation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this case its severity (one of the most extreme documented from archaeological contexts) and unusual presentation (location of the clefts and their atypical morphology).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only a small sample (&lt; 30) of Xiongnu period human remains were available for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Interpretations from this case study would benefit from a more extensive analysis of spondylolysis, biomechanical stress, and acute trauma on the nomadic pastoral populations of northern Mongolia, including those pre-dating and post-dating the Xiongnu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schmorl’s nodes in two 19th-20th century Spanish osteological collections from Valladolid and Granada","authors":"Marcos Plischuk ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Garizoain ,&nbsp;Rocío García Mancuso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examines how age at death, sex, and socio-historical context relate to the frequency, location, and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The sample comprised thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 192 skeletons from two contemporary documented osteological collections from Spain, in Valladolid and Granada, both of which contain individuals who died during the second half of the 20th century.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Schmorl’s nodes were recorded on the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies and their location was categorized in one of three areas: center, canal, and periphery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes was 57.42 % for the Valladolid collection and 67.39 % for Granada, with no significant differences between collections. Statistically significant differences were found between the sexes, but age at death did not correlate with the presence of the lesion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This analysis supports the absence of a direct relationship between the pathology and the aging process, but shows a greater predisposition in male individuals, suggesting that vertebral morphology and/or physical activity might be key etiological factors.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This research enhances our understanding of the etiology of Schmorl's nodes by highlighting sex as a key variable and suggesting a lack of association with age.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of data on occupational activity prevents correlating this variable with the presence of Schmorl’s nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Conduct studies on geometric morphometric data to corroborate the evolutionary hypothesis proposed by other authors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’: A holistic method for understanding the impacts of different risk factors on oral health in archaeological populations","authors":"Anna M. Davies-Barrett ,&nbsp;Richard Holliday ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Jakubovics ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Inskip","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To gain a more holistic understanding of oral health in the past by producing an ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’ (IOD), incorporating multiple oro-dental diseases and accounting for differences in antemortem/postmortem alveolar bone and tooth loss.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>UK Adult Dental Health Survey, 2009 anonymised dataset (N = 6206). Archaeological dental data from skeletal individuals from medieval and post-medieval Barton-upon-Humber, North Lincolnshire (N = 214, 1150–1855) and St James’s Gardens Burial Ground, London (N = 281, 1789–1853).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Creation of a formula for the production of index values. Application of the formula to clinical, ‘mock archaeological’, and archaeological datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patterns in mean IOD values within different groups were identifiable regardless of preservation. It was possible to identify potential differences between IOD scores related to aging, tobacco consumption, geographical location, and time period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Innovative use of modern clinical data and the production of ‘mock archaeological’ datasets provides validation of the IOD method. The approach may be useful for understanding the impact of different risk factors on oral health in the past, whilst also accounting for missing data and increasing comparability between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Allows for the investigation of risk factors that affect overall oral health but manifest in different ways in different individuals, whilst also producing larger sample sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Impacts of age and posterior/anterior site positioning within the mouth suggest a careful consideration of age distribution and preservation of samples is required.</div></div><div><h3>Future research</h3><div>Future adaption and testing of the method on a greater range of population groups and different variables/risk factors for oro-dental disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}