International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

{"title":"A pathological Neandertal thumb phalanx from Moula-Guercy (France)","authors":"Silvana Condemi ,&nbsp;Michel Panuel ,&nbsp;Kathia Chaumoitre ,&nbsp;Maria Giovanna Belcastro ,&nbsp;Annalisa Pietrobelli ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Voisin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To discuss a Neandertal pathological adult first pollical </span>proximal phalanx (I2-104) from the Baume de Moula-Guercy (Ardèche, France) and evaluate the possible causes of this pathology.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic analyses of external features, as well as CT imaging, were used in the analysis</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The presence of asymmetric eburnation on the distal epiphysis<span> associated with an osteophyte on the palmar surface, as well as the absence of periosteal bone reaction visible on CT images, is consistent with osteoarthritis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) can have different origins and the cause is difficult to identify. The pathology of the Moula-Guercy I2-104 phalanx may be due to a genetic predisposition for OA known in Neandertals and associated with short limb bones. The OA could have been aggravated by the age of this individual and by an inflammatory reaction caused by repeated movements and intense vibrations provoked by high-frequency knapping or by other use of the hands</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The I2-104 phalanx is the first Neandertal pollical phalanx known to display OA, although joints of this bone are frequently affected by this pathology in modern humans. Thus, greater insight into the presence and consequences of Neandertal behaviors is offered</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>It is impossible to give a definitive conclusion on the cause(s) of the OA in this case.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>More data is needed concerning OA within Neandertals and its relationship with behavior and genetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10094337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A distant city: Assessing the impact of Dutch socioeconomic developments on urban and rural health using respiratory disease as a proxy","authors":"Maia Casna,&nbsp;Rachel Schats,&nbsp;Menno L.P. Hoogland,&nbsp;Sarah A. Schrader","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate the prevalence of respiratory disease in several populations from the Netherlands across different time periods and socioeconomic conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>We analyzed 695 adult individuals from six different Dutch contexts of urban and rural settlements dating to different time periods (i.e., early-medieval, late-medieval, post-medieval).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For each individual, the presence/absence of chronic maxillary sinusitis, otitis media, and inflammatory periosteal reaction on ribs was recorded macroscopically according to accepted methods.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Statistically significant associations were found in the presence of sinusitis diachronically (early-medieval to late-medieval period, and early-medieval to post-medieval period) both in rural and urban environments. Differences in prevalence rates of otitis media were found statistically significant when comparing rural to urban environments in the early-medieval and late-medieval periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest that factors such as increased contact between towns and countryside, higher population densities, and intensification of agricultural production impacted the respiratory health of past populations both in rural and urban settings.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Our study provides new insights into the impact of environmental changes and urbanization on respiratory disease prevalence, shedding light on the relationship between health and changing social and environmental contexts.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Research limitations included the complex etiology of respiratory diseases, and the impact of uncontrollable factors such as hidden heterogeneity, selective mortality, and rural-to-urban migration.</p></div><div><h3>Future research</h3><p>Further research in different contexts is advised in order to continue exploring urbanization and its impact on human health across both time and space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10037676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into molar-incisor hypomineralisation in past populations: A call to anthropologists","authors":"Elsa Garot ,&nbsp;Diego Lopez Onaindia ,&nbsp;Christine Couture ,&nbsp;Juan Ignacio Morales ,&nbsp;Artur Cebrià ,&nbsp;Xavier Oms ,&nbsp;David John Manton ,&nbsp;Marina Lozano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental defect of </span>enamel<span> affecting the first permanent molars and often the incisors and affecting approximately 13% of the current population worldwide. Here, we aim to highlight potential differential diagnoses of MIH in archaeological collections (taphonomic discoloration, amelogenesis<span> imperfecta, fluorosis, rachitic teeth, etc.).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Causative factors of dental discolourations are identified through a literature review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>In an archaeological context, the sediments contained in the burial soil can lead to tooth discoloration. Taphonomic staining of the dentition may have a similar appearance to enamel hypomineralisation, and thus is a confounding factor that has the potential to cause miscalculation of the true prevalence of MIH within archaeological collections. Some rare medieval cases are reported in the modern literature but without microanalysis, misdiagnosis is possible. The aetiological factors of MIH are unknown but probably follow the multifactorial model involving systemic medical and </span>genetic factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Systematic detection and diagnosis of MIH during anthropological studies is therefore of great interest.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The hypotheses that only contemporary agents are causative factors of MIH could be refuted by the discovery of individuals living before medication or pollutants. The identification of MIH in a group of individuals also provides information regarding the health status of a population and reflects stress occurring during the period of mineralisation of the first permanent molars after secretion of the enamel matrix.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Taphonomic alterations of archaeological remains prevent MIH diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>MIH diagnosis can be difficult in archaeological series and further non-destructive methods (microtomography, elemental analyses, etc.) are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmortem changes in ancient Egyptian child mummies: Possible pitfalls on CT images","authors":"Stephanie Panzer ,&nbsp;Stephanie Zesch ,&nbsp;Wilfried Rosendahl ,&nbsp;Randall C. Thompson ,&nbsp;Albert R. Zink","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify and interpret computed tomography<span> (CT) findings of postmortem changes in ancient Egyptian child mummies.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Whole-body CT examinations of 21 ancient Egyptian child mummies from German (n = 18), Italian (n = 1), and Swiss museums (n = 2).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Conspicuous CT findings from prior evaluations with various research questions that were assessed as postmortem changes were classified, and special cases were illustrated and discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Postmortem changes were classified into several categories. From these, individuals with evidence of invasion of resin/oil/tar into bone, dried fluid-levels within bone most likely due to natron, probable interaction of natron with soft tissues and bone, as well as insect infestation were demonstrated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>One challenge of paleoradiology is to differentiate between intravital and postmortem changes, which can be multifarious. These changes can be obvious, but also subtle, and can mimic diseases.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The provided classification of postmortem changes, as well as the demonstrated cases, may serve as models for further paleoradiological investigations. The dried intraosseous fluid levels in two mummies, most likely due to natron, suggests that these children were immersed in a liquid natron bath, in contrast to the current scientific view that natron for mummification was routinely applied in the solid form.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>CT was used as the only examination method, as sampling of the mummies was not possible.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>The awareness that postmortem changes on CT images of ancient Egyptian mummies might mimic pathology should be raised to reduce or avoid incorrect interpretation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral hip dysplasia in a South African male: A case study from the 17–18th century","authors":"Chelsey Voegt ,&nbsp;Geney Gunston ,&nbsp;Marc Nortje ,&nbsp;Judith C. Sealy ,&nbsp;Letian He ,&nbsp;Petrus le Roux ,&nbsp;Catherine Namayega ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Gibbon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify, critically analyse and describe severe bilateral skeletal pathology involving the ossa coxae of an individual from historic era Cape Town.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A single individual from the University of Cape Town’s Human Skeletal Repository was analysed under research approval (HREC# 035/2021).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An osteobiography was constructed, radiocarbon dating and isotopic analyses were conducted. Pathological description and contextualised disability analyses followed, along with differential diagnosis. The pelvis and femora were visualised macroscopically and radiographically.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This individual was a non-European middle-aged adult male who lived in the 17–18th centuries CE. Morphological changes showed hypoplastic hips with collapsed femoral heads and neoacetabulae. A diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) was made. Then a contextualised disability analysis including consideration of the clinical and functional impacts of the condition were applied. No signs of maltreatment, physiological stress or persistent infections were present. His bones were well developed, illustrating mobility and use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>He developed DDH early in life and lived through adulthood, and his strong, healthy bones suggest resilience, some mobility and contribution to society through less physically demanding tasks.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Value for palaepathological analyses to inform and understand disability and culturally significant health mediation to offer a more objective interpretation and improve understanding of past people. It expands our understanding of the presence of DDH globally and in Africa and provides insight into disease impact for individuals with bilateral expression.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Further contextual research is required.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Poor scene recovery hindered in-depth care analysis and interpretation of the condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10037649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic cubitus valgus consequent of distal humeral fracture: Two case studies from the Holocene Later Stone Age in southern Africa","authors":"Calvin G. Mole ,&nbsp;Deano D. Stynder ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Gibbon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Distal fractures of the humerus and their complications have rarely been described or analysed in the palaeopathological literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate two cases of distal humeral fracture with associated cubitus valgus observed in two individuals from the context of the Later Stone Age (LSA) in southern Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Skeletal remains of two individuals. A middle-aged female radiocarbon dated to <em>c.</em>160 BP and a middle-aged male radiocarbon dated to <em>c.</em>2 300 BP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Remains were macroscopically and radiographically assessed for injury.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both cases presented with healed antemortem injury to the right elbow attributed to possible falls. Distal humeral fracture resulted in non-union of the lateral epicondyle with extensive morphological changes to the elbow joint including an increased carrying angle. Morphological and osteoarthritic changes suggest a survival period of several years post-injury.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Cubitus valgus following traumatic injury has rarely been reported amongst historic or prehistoric populations. The described injuries would have had physical and functional consequences, raising questions relating to probable care received during the healing process. The elbow injuries would have resulted in restricted motion and instability of the elbow joint, with a high likelihood of ulnar neuropathy.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The contextual information for these individuals is limited and do not permit broader population level study.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Formal biomechanical analysis including cross-sectional geometry analysis will provide further information regarding complications and strengthen the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy. Further research is necessary on the prevalence and complications of humeral fracture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortisol in deciduous tooth tissues: A potential metric for assessing stress exposure in archaeological and living populations","authors":"Leslie Quade ,&nbsp;Miroslav Králík ,&nbsp;Petra Bencúrová ,&nbsp;Erin C. Dunn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>Cortisol is a </span>glucocorticoid hormone produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is regularly assessed in modern human and non-human populations in saliva, blood, and hair as a measure of stress exposure and stress reactivity. While recent research has detected cortisol concentrations in modern and archaeological permanent dental tissues, the present study assessed human primary (deciduous) teeth for cortisol concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Fifty-one dentine and enamel<span> samples from nine modern and 10 archaeological deciduous teeth were analyzed for cortisol concentrations via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Detectable concentrations of cortisol were identified in 15 (of 32) dentine and 8 (of 19) enamel samples coming from modern and archaeological deciduous teeth.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study is the first known analysis of cortisol from deciduous dental tissues, demonstrating the potential to identify measurable concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p><span>The ability to analyze deciduous teeth is integral to developing dental cortisol methods with multiple potential future applications, including research on the biological embedding of stress in the skeleton. This study marks a key step in a larger research program to study stress in primary </span>dentition from living and archaeological populations.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Multiple samples generated cortisol values that were not detectable with ELISA. Minimum quantities of tissue may be required to generate detectable levels of cortisol.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Future research should include larger sample sizes and consideration of intrinsic biological and extrinsic preservation factors on dental cortisol. Further method validation and alternative methods for assessing dental cortisol are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex, gender, and sexuality in paleopathology: Select current developments and pathways forward","authors":"Molly K. Zuckerman ,&nbsp;Sierra W. Malis ,&nbsp;Daniel D. Dillon ,&nbsp;Kerri J. Widrick ,&nbsp;Elise J. Adams ,&nbsp;Mary E. Hill ,&nbsp;M. Kathryn McKenna ,&nbsp;Olivia C. Baumgartel ,&nbsp;Hannah D. Willis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Overall, paleopathology trails behind related fields in exploring sex, gender, and sexuality in past societies. Here, we interrogatively synthesize scholarship on topics not included in similar reviews, focusing on sex estimation methods, and considering the social determinants of health; trauma; reproduction and family; and childhood – to highlight novel, social epidemiology- and social theory-informed frameworks and interpretive devices.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Many paleopathological interpretations focus on sex-gender differences relative to health, with increasing use of intersectionality. Others consistently project present-day ideologies about sex, gender, and sexuality (e.g., binary sex-gender systems) into paleopathological interpretations (i.e., presentism).</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Paleopathologists have an ethical imperative to generate scholarship that contributes to social justice initiatives focused on dismantling structural inequalities, especially relative to sex, gender, and sexuality (e.g., homophobia), such as through denaturalizing presentist binary systems. They also have a responsibility towards greater inclusivity relative to researcher identity and diversification of method and theory.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>In addition to material limitations complicating reconstructions of sex, gender, and sexuality relative to health and disease in the past, this review wasn’t comprehensive. The review was also limited by the relative paucity of paleopathological work on these topics.</p><p><em><strong>Suggestions for Future Research:</strong></em> The outlook for paleopathological research on sex, gender, and sexuality is, however, positive; paleopathology is well situated to tackle these aspects of social identity. Future work should consider critical, self-reflective movement away from presentism; more robust contextualization; and further engagement with social theory and social epidemiology theory and approaches, including the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), social determinants of health, and intersectionality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 8-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9596156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study of correlation of selected genetic factors with cribra orbitalia in individuals from a medieval population from Slovakia","authors":"Gabriela Bľandová ,&nbsp;Andrea Patlevičová ,&nbsp;Jana Palkovičová ,&nbsp;Štefánia Pavlíková ,&nbsp;Radoslav Beňuš ,&nbsp;Vanda Repiská ,&nbsp;Marian Baldovič","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study is to investigate the potential genetic etiology of cribra orbitalia noted on human skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>We obtained and analyzed ancient DNA of 43 individuals with cribra orbitalia. The analyzed set represented medieval individuals from two cemeteries in western Slovakia, Castle Devín (11th-12th century AD) and Cífer-Pác (8th-9th century AD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a sequence analysis of 5 variants in 3 genes associated with anemia (HBB, G6PD, PKLR), which are the most common pathogenic variants in present day of European populations, and one variant <em>MCM6</em><span>:c.1917 + 326 C&gt;T (rs4988235) associated with lactose intolerance.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>DNA variants associated with anemia were not found in the samples. The allele frequency of <em>MCM6</em>:c.1917 + 326 C was 0.875. This frequency is higher but not statistically significant in individuals displaying cribra orbitalia compared to individuals without the lesion.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study seeks to expand our knowledge of the etiology of cribra orbitalia by exploring the potential association between the lesion and the presence of alleles linked to hereditary anemias and lactose intolerance.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>A relatively small set of individuals were analyzed, so an unequivocal conclusion cannot be drawn. Hence, although it is unlikely, a genetic form of anemia caused by rare variants cannot be ruled out.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Genetic research based on larger sample sizes and in more diverse geographical regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A look into the wild. Pathological analysis of a modern collection of guanacos from the Dry Chaco and its implications for South American camelid paleopathological studies","authors":"María Paula Weihmüller","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article evaluates the prevalence of lesions in a modern osteological collection of guanacos (<em>Lama guanicoe</em>) and discusses the potential of paleopathological data to assess human intervention and environmental stress.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A modern osteological collection of guanacos (NISP = 862) from north-western Córdoba, Central Argentina.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The prevalence of pathological specimens per skeletal element and the pathological index (Bartosiewicz et al., 1997) was used. The prevalence of arthropathies, trauma and infections was quantified. Additionally, thorn lesions in the autopodium were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>11.03 % of the specimens presented pathological changes and the mean pathological index was 0.01. Degenerative lesions were the most prevalent type (10.34 %), followed by traumatic (0.81 %) and infectious pathologies (0.12 %). Thorn lesions (2.55 %) were recorded especially in metapodials.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Guanacos are exposed to the development of degenerative lesions, mainly in the autopodium and vertebrae. These lesions are probably common in camelids and should not be used to argue human management. Traumatic and infectious lesions are less frequent.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This work provides baseline information for the paleopathological study of South American camelids and contributes to the characterization of a regionally endangered species.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The nature of the faunal assemblage did not allow for direct correlations between pathologies and individual variables such as sex or age.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>The comparison of our results with other wild and domesticated modern populations would be valuable to expand the baseline information for paleopathological studies. The use of quantitative methods is encouraged for future comparative and diachronic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9604512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}