International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

{"title":"Pilot study of correlation of selected genetic factors with cribra orbitalia in individuals from a medieval population from Slovakia","authors":"Gabriela Bľandová ,&nbsp;Andrea Patlevičová ,&nbsp;Jana Palkovičová ,&nbsp;Štefánia Pavlíková ,&nbsp;Radoslav Beňuš ,&nbsp;Vanda Repiská ,&nbsp;Marian Baldovič","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study is to investigate the potential genetic etiology of cribra orbitalia noted on human skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>We obtained and analyzed ancient DNA of 43 individuals with cribra orbitalia. The analyzed set represented medieval individuals from two cemeteries in western Slovakia, Castle Devín (11th-12th century AD) and Cífer-Pác (8th-9th century AD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a sequence analysis of 5 variants in 3 genes associated with anemia (HBB, G6PD, PKLR), which are the most common pathogenic variants in present day of European populations, and one variant <em>MCM6</em><span>:c.1917 + 326 C&gt;T (rs4988235) associated with lactose intolerance.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>DNA variants associated with anemia were not found in the samples. The allele frequency of <em>MCM6</em>:c.1917 + 326 C was 0.875. This frequency is higher but not statistically significant in individuals displaying cribra orbitalia compared to individuals without the lesion.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study seeks to expand our knowledge of the etiology of cribra orbitalia by exploring the potential association between the lesion and the presence of alleles linked to hereditary anemias and lactose intolerance.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>A relatively small set of individuals were analyzed, so an unequivocal conclusion cannot be drawn. Hence, although it is unlikely, a genetic form of anemia caused by rare variants cannot be ruled out.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Genetic research based on larger sample sizes and in more diverse geographical regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A look into the wild. Pathological analysis of a modern collection of guanacos from the Dry Chaco and its implications for South American camelid paleopathological studies","authors":"María Paula Weihmüller","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article evaluates the prevalence of lesions in a modern osteological collection of guanacos (<em>Lama guanicoe</em>) and discusses the potential of paleopathological data to assess human intervention and environmental stress.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A modern osteological collection of guanacos (NISP = 862) from north-western Córdoba, Central Argentina.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The prevalence of pathological specimens per skeletal element and the pathological index (Bartosiewicz et al., 1997) was used. The prevalence of arthropathies, trauma and infections was quantified. Additionally, thorn lesions in the autopodium were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>11.03 % of the specimens presented pathological changes and the mean pathological index was 0.01. Degenerative lesions were the most prevalent type (10.34 %), followed by traumatic (0.81 %) and infectious pathologies (0.12 %). Thorn lesions (2.55 %) were recorded especially in metapodials.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Guanacos are exposed to the development of degenerative lesions, mainly in the autopodium and vertebrae. These lesions are probably common in camelids and should not be used to argue human management. Traumatic and infectious lesions are less frequent.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This work provides baseline information for the paleopathological study of South American camelids and contributes to the characterization of a regionally endangered species.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The nature of the faunal assemblage did not allow for direct correlations between pathologies and individual variables such as sex or age.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>The comparison of our results with other wild and domesticated modern populations would be valuable to expand the baseline information for paleopathological studies. The use of quantitative methods is encouraged for future comparative and diachronic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9604512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping to shine light on the Dark Ages: Applying the bioarchaeology of care approach to remains from the early Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Worthy Park","authors":"Lorna Tilley ,&nbsp;Christine Cave","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To test the hypothesis that a bioarchaeological focus on health-related care provision can contribute to the currently limited understanding of social practice in Early Anglo-Saxon England (mid5th-early7th centuries AD).</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Published descriptions of pathology in 69 adult remains from the Early Anglo-Saxon cemetery of Worthy Park, southern England.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three case studies (one examining likely need for care at an individual level and two at a population level) were undertaken using the bioarchaeology of care approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Analyses indicate likely care provision (‘direct support’ and/or ‘accommodation of difference’) to Worthy Park individuals experiencing temporary or permanent disability. Interpretation suggests community interdependence, cooperation, flexibility and tolerance of difference, as well as cultural and socioeconomic mechanisms for managing physical and social challenges of ageing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides proof of concept that bioarchaeology of care analysis can offer new insights into social practice in this period.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study demonstrates that a bioarchaeological focus on caregiving behaviours in an Early Anglo-Saxon community extends modern thinking about social relations in post-Roman Britain, offering a model for future investigations into social practice in this, and potentially other, periods. More generally, it illustrates the richness of results achievable when combining bioarchaeological and historical research.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Reliance on secondary sources limited detail (and potentially accuracy) of interpretation possible.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>This study’s approach should be further tested and refined, either through application to different Anglo-Saxon (or other historic) populations or in a more thorough analysis of the Worthy Park sample itself.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9596717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living with lower limb traumas and below-knee amputation in a Jordanian Late Ottoman nomadic community","authors":"Margaret A. Judd","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Paleopathological analysis is combined with ethnohistorical, ethnographic and ethnomedical reports to assess the sociocultural implications for a historical nomadic Bedouin female following her survival of a below-knee amputation and multiple injuries to the stump.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A middle-aged female recovered from a nomadic-style burial dated to the Late Ottoman Period (1789–1918) in Jordan’s Wadi ath-Thamad region.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic and radiographic assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>A supracondylar femur (Hoffa) fracture, knee complex injury and lower leg amputation were observed on the right lower limb. Other pathological lesions that may have affected movement included bilateral os acromiale, </span>intervertebral disc disease<span><span>, osteoarthritis and right hook of </span>hamate fracture.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The individual survived a below-knee amputation, two injuries to the stump, and likely experienced lower back pain. Mobility may have been painful, but she likely functioned within the community performing gender-specific daily tasks within the family tent and designated community female workspaces. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic reports suggest that marital demotion by other wives or a return to her father’s tent may have occurred.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Healed multiple injuries and amputation affecting one limb are rare in paleopathological literature.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>It is uncertain whether the amputation or either of the stump injuries occurred during the same event. If they resulted from separate events, slight hip joint osteoarthritis suggests that the amputation preceded the other injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Full pathological assessment of individuals with amputations may provide additional insight into impairment resolution, health problems and injury arising from impairment following amputation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9609288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity in intestinal parasite infection in Aalst (Belgium) from the medieval to the early modern period (12th-17th centuries)","authors":"Sophie Rabinow ,&nbsp;Koen Deforce ,&nbsp;Piers D. Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To characterize patterns in the taxonomic diversity of parasites infecting the population of Aalst, Belgium, between the 12th and 17th centuries.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>14 sediment samples from seven cesspits dated 1100–1700 CE.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Digital light microscopy and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified eggs of four species of helminths: whipworm (<em>Trichuris trichiura</em>), roundworm (<em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>), <em>Echinostoma</em> fluke and <em>Dicrocoelium</em> fluke. ELISA results for protozoal parasites were negative.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Taxonomic diversity of parasite infections remained constant from the 12th to the 17th centuries. Roundworm and whipworm, spread by poor sanitation, were dominant. Two species of zoonotic parasites were also identified, including for the first time ever in the Low Countries the <em>Echinostoma</em> fluke, which may have been spread by eating uncooked freshwater animal foods.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Analysis of sediment samples spanning such a broad chronology (six centuries) from a single city offers the opportunity to track diachronic change, which is rare in paleoparasitological studies.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>We were unable to acquire samples from cesspits dating to the 14th century.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Additional data from other Low Countries towns may strengthen the patterns identified in this paper. A similar approach can be used to investigate towns in different regions of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential diagnosis for two ‘holes in the head’ of a child from 982 to 904 BP in northern South America","authors":"Claudia M. Rojas-Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;L. Buitrago-Orjuela","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To present paleopathological evidence of a congenital anomaly with photographic support and a review that will help scholars to diagnose the condition.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Well-preserved skeletal remains of a child from central Colombia, dated 968–1046 CE.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic examination and computerized axial tomography.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two holes were observed in the skull.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The pathology is consistent with a neural tube defect or an inclusion cyst.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Neural tube defects and inclusion cysts, in paleopathology, are rarely reported in children. The preservation and origin of the individual make this case valuable. The photographic support and the review is useful for other scholars in the field.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>It was not possible to determine a single cause.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Review cases in identified osteological collections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattle health in the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands","authors":"Maaike Groot","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate diachonic and regional trends in the occurrence of pathologies in cattle in the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands. A key objective is to investigate whether the intensification of cattle husbandry in the Roman period was associated with an increase in pathology.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The data set consists of 167 sites with a combined total of 127,373 individual specimens for cattle, sheep/goat, horse, and pig.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A quantitative approach was used, investigating the frequency of pathologies over time and per region. For cattle, pathology frequencies were also investigated per type. Several multi-period sites were considered in more detail.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pathology frequencies increased during the Iron Age and Roman period. In cattle, joint pathology was most common, followed by dental pathology.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The overall frequency of pathology aligns with frequencies in other regions. Some pathological conditions in cattle can tentatively be linked to intensification, such as joint pathology at two sites in the Middle and Late Roman periods, an increase in dental pathology and trauma).</p></div><div><h3><strong>Significance</strong></h3><p>This review revealed diachronic trends and linked them to developments in animal husbandry and highlights the importance of recording and publishing pathological lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The multi-causal origin of joint and dental pathology makes it difficult to relate them to the intensification of cattle husbandry.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>It is hoped that this review will stimulate further paleopathological research globally, especially systematic studies into foot pathologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an archaeology of malaria. A critical review of current approaches and a discussion on ways forward","authors":"Rachel Schats","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper presents the current state of the art in the investigation of past malaria by providing an extensive review of previous studies and identifying research possibilities for the future.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>All previous research on the detection of malaria in human skeletal material using macroscopic and biomolecular approaches is considered.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The approaches and methods used by scholars and the results they obtained are evaluated and the limitations discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There is a link between malaria and porous lesions with significantly higher prevalence in malaria-endemic areas, however, they are not pathognomonic or specific for malaria. Malaria can be identified using biomolecular techniques, yet, to date there is no completely satisfactory method that is able to consistently diagnose the disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Using macroscopic and biomolecular techniques, malaria can be investigated in past populations and the impact of the disease studied. Yet, this is not a straightforward process and the use of multiple lines of evidence is necessary to obtain the best results.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The extensive discussion on ways malaria can and cannot be identified in past populations and the suggestions for new approaches provide a steppingstone for future research into this debilitating, global disease.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Malaria is a difficult disease to study archaeologically and successful identification depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>More large-scale spatial analyses of porous lesions as well as targeting different tissues or molecules for biomolecular identification may improve the archaeological understanding of malaria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9658549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the “scapula sign” as an indicator of rickets","authors":"Rachel Ives ,&nbsp;Karen Swan ,&nbsp;Louise Humphrey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In 1971, Weiss identified a “scapula sign” comprising a defect at the inferior angle of the scapula in juveniles with vitamin D deficiency rickets, but this has been little studied since. This study aimed to explore pathological variation of this defect in juveniles with other skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency rickets.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>527 juveniles, aged from birth to 12 years, from two post-medieval British assemblages were macroscopically evaluated to document the range of pathological changes at the inferior angle. Scapula maximum lengths were recorded and supplementary radiographs were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Blunting, flattening or squaring of the inferior angle occurred in 34 of 155 (22%) juveniles with other indicators of rickets and occurred frequently in cases of severe active rickets. Coarsening of the border and cupping deformities were identified radiographically, as well as residual defects in healed cases. Scapula lengths in juveniles with active rickets did not consistently deviate from those expected in any age group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The scapula sign is identifiable in some children with rickets. Differential diagnoses of scapula defects are important but the socio-cultural and environmental context of this sample suggests a link to vitamin D deficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This finding expands the range of pathological changes known to occur in rickets, helping to improve recognition of this condition in past groups.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Small sample sizes prevented observation of the defect in adolescents with rickets. Defects can affect the positioning of standardised scapula length measures, complicating assessments of growth impacts.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Continued research into the range of skeletal changes that can develop in vitamin D deficiency to improve the identification of this deficiency in past groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9604510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The frequency and macromorphological classification of abnormal blood vessel impressions and periosteal appositions of the dura mater in an early modern osteological collection from Poland","authors":"Joanna Wysocka,&nbsp;Agata Cieślik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The macromorphological characteristics and frequency of endocranial abnormal blood vessel impressions (ABVI) and periosteal appositions of dura mater (PADM), and their association with sex, age-at-death and scurvy-like lesions were studied. The possible etiologies of these lesions were discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A total of 144 adult skulls excavated from an early modern (16th-19th c. CE) cemetery at the Czysty Square in Wrocław (Poland) were examined, most of which were intact.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The endocranial surface was inspected with an endoscope for the presence, location, and severity of ABVI and PADM. Frequencies of ABVI and PADM were grouped by sex and age-at-death.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A little more than a half (53.5 %) of the examined skulls were affected by ABVI and/or PADM. PADM were more frequent in females. However, both alteration types occurred with similar frequencies across all age-at-death categories.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The high frequency of ABVI and PADM suggests that meningeal infections and/or hemorrhage among inhabitants of early modern Wrocław, especially in females, were common.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The paper emphasizes the need for using an endoscope in standard anthropological analysis of intact skulls, as it allows for a nondestructive inspection of the endocranial surface.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The endoscope did not allow for an accurate examination of the middle cranial fossa.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Comparative studies with other historical populations are necessary to better understand the possible etiologies of macromorphological and demographic characteristics of ABVI and PADM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9608814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}