International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

{"title":"Archeometric detection of mercury: A paleopharmacological case study of skeletal remains of a child with vitamin deficiencies (Rouen, France, late 18–19th centuries)","authors":"Alexandra Zinn ,&nbsp;Aminte Thomann ,&nbsp;Yannick Lefrais ,&nbsp;Olivier Dutour ,&nbsp;Antony Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The French medico-historical literature reports the common use of mercury-based treatments until the mid-19th century. An exploratory paleopharmacological approach is presented for detecting mercury in a child’s skeletal remains suffering from vitamin deficiencies. This aims to corroborate written sources and provide a way to better understand disease therapeutic management.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>This study focuses on a 3–4-year-old child showing signs of rickets and possible scurvy from “rue Thubeuf<em>”</em> cemetery (Rouen, late 18–19th centuries). Analysis was carried out on a thoracic vertebral body and the right second deciduous mandibular molar.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) provided mercury detection and quantification. Micro-CT analysis was implemented to detect the interglobular dentine potentially related to vitamin D deficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ED-XRF spectrum showed a mercury peak for the vertebra, none for the molar. The vertebra CV-AAS analysis revealed a high mercury rate of 9.373 mg/kg.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The individual was likely exposed to high mercury levels originating from therapeutic treatment, potentially for vitamin deficiencies, in the last months of life.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Paleopharmacological analysis is an important tool in the analysis of medical treatment in the past.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Soil analysis could contribute to improved knowledge of contamination sources.</div></div><div><h3>Further research</h3><div>This approach should be expanded to more individuals to better assess the treatment frequency of vitamin deficiency diseases during industrialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathology of sacrifice: Dogs from an early Roman ‘ritual’ shaft in southern England","authors":"Ellen Green","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the health of a large assemblage of Romano-British dogs recovered from the first century CE ritual shaft on the Nescot site in Surrey, England.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>5463 dog bones comprising an MNI of 140 individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bone fragments were visually inspected for pathology. In the case of suspected fractures, radiographic images were taken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lesions were observed in 2.26 % of skeletal remains and 14.06 % of dentition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Nescot dogs have similar rates of skeletal pathology to those recovered from other ‘ritual’ or cemetery contexts but lower rates than those recovered from Romano-British urban contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Nescot represents one of the largest dog assemblages recovered from a ritual context and thus is a valuable for investigating the treatment of dogs. This study has highlighted the importance of standardised recording and quantification of pathology in zooarchaeology, as well as the importance of specialist involvement during excavation.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Limited recording at excavation level and the disarticulated nature of the bone limited examination at an ‘individual’ level. This made comparisons with other Romano-British sites challenging. No comparative data was available to assess the rates of dental pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Given that the majority of zooarchaeological assemblages are disarticulated, the use of prevalence rates by element would greatly expand the amount of comparative data available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From privies to disease: Parasites and pollen from 19th century Québec City","authors":"Aida R. Barbera ,&nbsp;Guillaume Pouliot ,&nbsp;Martin Lavoie ,&nbsp;Najat Bhiry ,&nbsp;Allison Bain ,&nbsp;Karine Taché","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This project combines the analysis of parasites and pollen remains from a wealthy 19th century household in Québec City, Canada to examine health as it intersects with ecological and cultural factors of disease transmission in changing urban environments.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Nineteen sediment samples from two privy structures from a 19th century wealthy household in Québec City, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The parasite analysis was conducted by examining the sediment through acid digestion, deflocculation and micro-sieving, and observed under a brightfield microscope. Pollen analysis followed the same method, but the sediments were further treated with acetolysis before microscopic observation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The samples tested positive for the parasites <em>Trichuris trichiura</em>, <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> and capillariids. The pollen spectra showed a mixed diet based on species of cereals and other starchy foods, fruits, and green leaves, as well as condiments and potential medicinal ingredients (Myrtaceae).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The household members were infected with intestinal parasites spread through contact with fecal contaminated soils, suggesting deficient sanitation and hygiene. The pollen grains recovered evidence of a staple diet and medicinal remedies.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This project highlights the benefits of using multiple lines of evidence to understand health in the past. Insight into how urbanization and poor sanitation can create environments conducive to parasite infection is gained and expands our knowledge of disease transmission and the synergies between environment and disease.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The analysis of privy structures offers an interpretation at the community level, masking individual idiosyncrasies.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Similar studies on other contemporaneous sites across the city are needed to better comprehend the link between pathogen transmission, disease intensity and socioenvironmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level spondylolysis at Egiin Gol: A case from Xiongnu period Mongolia","authors":"Angela R. Lieverse ,&nbsp;Iderkhangai Tumur-Ochir ,&nbsp;Orgilbayar Samdantsoodol ,&nbsp;Tatiana Nomokonova ,&nbsp;Robert Losey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper presents and discusses the aetiology of an extreme case of multi-level spondylolysis with unique presentation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The affected individual is an adult male from Xiongnu period (209 BCE to 93 CE) Egiin Gol, northern Mongolia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyses were limited to macroscopic and non-invasive methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven complete spondylolytic clefts were documented on four vertebrae between T12 and L4, with only one located on L4, where most cases of spondylolysis occur, and four defects had atypical morphology. Evidence of spondylolisthesis was also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Congenital susceptibility to spondylolysis, combined with a physically demanding lifestyle, likely account for the condition’s unusual manifestation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this case its severity (one of the most extreme documented from archaeological contexts) and unusual presentation (location of the clefts and their atypical morphology).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only a small sample (&lt; 30) of Xiongnu period human remains were available for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Interpretations from this case study would benefit from a more extensive analysis of spondylolysis, biomechanical stress, and acute trauma on the nomadic pastoral populations of northern Mongolia, including those pre-dating and post-dating the Xiongnu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schmorl’s nodes in two 19th-20th century Spanish osteological collections from Valladolid and Granada","authors":"Marcos Plischuk ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Garizoain ,&nbsp;Rocío García Mancuso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examines how age at death, sex, and socio-historical context relate to the frequency, location, and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The sample comprised thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 192 skeletons from two contemporary documented osteological collections from Spain, in Valladolid and Granada, both of which contain individuals who died during the second half of the 20th century.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Schmorl’s nodes were recorded on the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies and their location was categorized in one of three areas: center, canal, and periphery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes was 57.42 % for the Valladolid collection and 67.39 % for Granada, with no significant differences between collections. Statistically significant differences were found between the sexes, but age at death did not correlate with the presence of the lesion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This analysis supports the absence of a direct relationship between the pathology and the aging process, but shows a greater predisposition in male individuals, suggesting that vertebral morphology and/or physical activity might be key etiological factors.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This research enhances our understanding of the etiology of Schmorl's nodes by highlighting sex as a key variable and suggesting a lack of association with age.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of data on occupational activity prevents correlating this variable with the presence of Schmorl’s nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Conduct studies on geometric morphometric data to corroborate the evolutionary hypothesis proposed by other authors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis: A case study from medieval Transylvania","authors":"Megan A. Heron ,&nbsp;Joseph Z. Forstot ,&nbsp;Zsolt Nyárádi ,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Bethard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic bone disease in an extinct neotropical primate","authors":"André Vieira Araújo ,&nbsp;Mário André Trindade Dantas ,&nbsp;Alexandre Liparini ,&nbsp;Mario Alberto Cozzuol ,&nbsp;Lauren B. Halenar-Price ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Fernando Henrique de Souza Barbosa ,&nbsp;Francisco Bandeira ,&nbsp;Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This work evaluates the potential presence of bone disease in an extinct primate from late Pleistocene of Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skull and post crania of an extinct platyrrhine primate, curated by the Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pathological changes were noted via analysis of radiographic images and CT of the affected bones.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lesions noted include cortical thickening, sclerosis, and coarse trabeculae in the skull and long bones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The features observed support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease with lesions comparable to those seen in Paget's disease.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This specimen appears to be the only case is of metabolic bone disease in an extinct New World monkey and adds data to the paleopathological record of South American primates.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of other skeletal materials from individuals of the same genus for comparison makes differential diagnosis challenging, and conclusions must be drawn with caution.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>A more complete comparative sample of images involving more genera of living and extinct platyrrhines can help to rule out morphological oddities and design a more accurate diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Leprosy: The paleopathological study of the individuals excavated from the Sant Llàtzer leprosarium in Barcelona, Spain (12th-18th c.)","authors":"Núria Montes ,&nbsp;Clara Jáuregui ,&nbsp;Rosa Dinarès ,&nbsp;Vanesa Triay ,&nbsp;Andrea Fernández-Vilela ,&nbsp;Jordi Ruiz ,&nbsp;M. Eulàlia Subirà ,&nbsp;Maria Fontanals-Coll","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objectives are twofold: to analyse the frequency of leprosy-related pathological lesions in the cemetery of Sant Llàtzer Hospital (12th-18th c.); and to examine how individuals affected by the disease were perceived and integrated into society during that period in Barcelona.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skeletal remains of 87 individuals recovered from the cemetery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All remains were analysed macroscopically and, when required, radiographed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the total number of individuals (n=87), 21 (24.1 %) showed evidence indicative of leprosy. Notably, the frequency of leprosy cases was lower in the 13th-15th c. (10 %; n = 50), the only period for which multi-person graves were documented.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The frequency of leprosy-related lesions in Sant Llàtzer is similar to that observed in other European Christian leprosaria, although it varies across the centuries. There is no funerary evidence that leprosy sufferers were treated differently than other citizens.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The cemetery of Sant Llàtzer, the first in Spain directly linked to a leprosarium, uniquely spans a significant period of activity. Its exceptionally preserved remains and rich records have offered unparalleled insight into the disease and its profound social implications.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Leprosy affects the bone in only a small percentage of untreated cases. Moreover, poor preservation of skeletal remains may prevent diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><div>Biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics might provide new insights into the disease, the origin and migrations of the individuals buried in Sant Llàtzer, as well as other aspects of their daily lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’: A holistic method for understanding the impacts of different risk factors on oral health in archaeological populations","authors":"Anna M. Davies-Barrett ,&nbsp;Richard Holliday ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Jakubovics ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Inskip","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To gain a more holistic understanding of oral health in the past by producing an ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’ (IOD), incorporating multiple oro-dental diseases and accounting for differences in antemortem/postmortem alveolar bone and tooth loss.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>UK Adult Dental Health Survey, 2009 anonymised dataset (N = 6206). Archaeological dental data from skeletal individuals from medieval and post-medieval Barton-upon-Humber, North Lincolnshire (N = 214, 1150–1855) and St James’s Gardens Burial Ground, London (N = 281, 1789–1853).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Creation of a formula for the production of index values. Application of the formula to clinical, ‘mock archaeological’, and archaeological datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patterns in mean IOD values within different groups were identifiable regardless of preservation. It was possible to identify potential differences between IOD scores related to aging, tobacco consumption, geographical location, and time period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Innovative use of modern clinical data and the production of ‘mock archaeological’ datasets provides validation of the IOD method. The approach may be useful for understanding the impact of different risk factors on oral health in the past, whilst also accounting for missing data and increasing comparability between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Allows for the investigation of risk factors that affect overall oral health but manifest in different ways in different individuals, whilst also producing larger sample sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Impacts of age and posterior/anterior site positioning within the mouth suggest a careful consideration of age distribution and preservation of samples is required.</div></div><div><h3>Future research</h3><div>Future adaption and testing of the method on a greater range of population groups and different variables/risk factors for oro-dental disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of enlarged parietal foramina or foramina parietalia permagna in an individual from the Chinchorro Culture of northern Chile (4000 BP)","authors":"Vivien G. Standen ,&nbsp;Susana Monsalve ,&nbsp;Bernardo Arriaza ,&nbsp;John Verano ,&nbsp;Mario Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically. In addition, Sr isotopic analyses were performed on 62 individuals from eight sites associated with the Chinchorro culture.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The parietal orifices are compatible with a rare anomaly of genetic origin known as foramina parietalia permagna (FPP). In addition, the cranial fracture pattern appear compatible with perimortem trauma, and Sr isotopes indicate a marine signal for Chinchorro populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case serves as evidence that FPP was present in the early Andean populations and that endogamy and mutagenic factors might have contributed to its presence.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This paper expands our knowledge of the genetic anomalies that affected past populations and may contribute to our understanding of the etiologies of the condition.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of comparative FPP data inhibits comparative studies (with the exception of cases from California, USA).</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><div>To explore in depth the genetic component of this condition in the Chinchorro populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}