{"title":"Optimal control strategies on HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection with mathematical modelling approach.","authors":"Shewafera Wondimagegnhu Teklu, Birhanu Baye Terefe, Dejen Ketema Mamo, Yohannes Fissha Abebaw","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2023.2288873","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2023.2288873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, a compartmental model on the co-infection of pneumonia and HIV/AIDS with optimal control strategies was formulated using the system of ordinary differential equations. Using qualitative methods, we have analysed the mono-infection and HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection models. We have computed effective reproduction numbers by applying the next-generation matrix method, applying Castillo Chavez criteria the models disease-free equilibrium points global stabilities were shown, while we have used the Centre manifold criteria to determine that the pneumonia infection and pneumonia and HIV/AIDS co-infection exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever the corresponding effective reproduction number is less than unity. We carried out the numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of the co-infection model solutions. Furthermore, we have investigated various optimal control strategies to predict the best control strategy to minimize and possibly to eradicate the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection from the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2288873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138886387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bounding the generation time distribution uncertainty on <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> estimation from exponential growth rates.","authors":"James Cochran, Bogdan Oancea, Dan Pirjol","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2410720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17513758.2024.2410720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The basic reproduction number <math><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> is one of the main parameters determining the spreading of an epidemic in a population of susceptible individuals. Wallinga and Lipsitch proposed a method for estimating <math><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> using the Euler-Lotka equation, which requires the Laplace transform of the generation interval distribution. The determination of the generation time distribution is challenging, as the generation time is not directly observable. We prove upper and lower bounds on <math><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> using only the first few moments of the generation interval distributions and study the sensitivity of the bounds to these parameters. The bounds do not require the exact shape of the generation interval distribution and give robust estimates of the <math><mi>r</mi><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2410720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of long-lived plasma cells in viral clearance.","authors":"Mingran Zhang, Meili Li, Junling Ma","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2325523","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2325523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptive immune system has two types of plasma cells (PC), long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) and short-lived plasma cells (SLPC), that differ in their lifespan. In this paper, we propose that LLPC is crucial to the clearance of viral particles in addition to reducing the viral basic reproduction number in secondary infections. We use a sequence of within-host mathematical models to show that, CD8 T cells, SLPC and memory B cells cannot achieve full viral clearance, and the viral load will reach a low positive equilibrium level because of a continuous replenishment of target cells. However, the presence of LLPC is crucial for viral clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2325523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of spreading speeds and travelling waves for the lattice pioneer-climax competition system.","authors":"Haifeng Song, Yuxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2365792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17513758.2024.2365792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper concerns the invasion dynamics of the lattice pioneer-climax competition model with parameter regions in which the system is non-monotone. We estimate the spreading speeds and establish appropriate conditions under which the spreading speeds are linearly selected. Moreover, the existence of travelling waves is determined by constructing suitable upper and lower solutions. It shows that the spreading speed coincides with the minimum wave speed of travelling waves if the diffusion rate of the invasive species is larger or equal to that of the native species. Our results are new to estimate the spreading speed of non-monotone lattice pioneer-climax systems, and the techniques developed in this work can be used to study the invasion dynamics of the pioneer-climax system with interaction delays, which could extend the results in the literature. The analysis replies on the construction of auxiliary systems, upper and lower solutions, and the monotone dynamical system approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2365792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving adherence to a daily PrEP regimen is key when considering long-time partnerships.","authors":"S J Gutowska, K A Hoffman, K F Gurski","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2390843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17513758.2024.2390843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A population model of HIV that includes susceptible individuals not taking the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), susceptible individuals taking daily PrEP, and infected individuals is developed for casual partnerships, as well as monogamous and non-monogamous long-term partnerships. Reflecting the reality of prescription availability and usage in the U.S., the PrEP taking susceptible population is a mix of individuals designated by the CDC as high and low risk for acquiring HIV. The rate of infection for non-monogamous long-term partnerships with differential susceptibility is challenging to calculate and requires Markov chain theory to represent the movement between susceptible populations before infection. The parameters associated with PrEP initiation, suspension and adherence impact both the reproduction number of the model and the elasticity indices of the reproduction model. A multi-parameter analysis reveals that increasing adherence has the largest effect on decreasing the number of new infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2390843"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dynamics of tuberculosis transmission model with different genders.","authors":"Si Wang, Hui Cao","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2394665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17513758.2024.2394665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dynamics of tuberculosis transmission model with different genders are to be established and studied. The basic regeneration numbers <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mi>F</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mi>M</mi></msub></math> are to be defined, where <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mi>F</mi></msub></math> and <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mi>M</mi></msub></math> to be the basic reproduction number of tuberculosis transmission in female and male populations, respectively. The existence and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium was discussed when <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></math>. The global dynamic behaviours of the corresponding limit system under some conditions are to be provided, including the existence, uniqueness, and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. The numerical simulation shows that the endemic equilibrium may be unique and stable when <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>></mo><mn>1</mn></math>, and the system will undergo Hopf bifurcation based on some parameter values. Finally, we applied this model to analyse the transmission of tuberculosis in China, estimated the incidence of tuberculosis in China in 2035, and gave the conclusion that controlling the incidence of tuberculosis in male populations could better reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2394665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of a non-autonomous delay mosquito population suppression model with <i>Wolbachia</i>-infected male mosquitoes.","authors":"Yufeng Wang, Jianshe Yu","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2437034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17513758.2024.2437034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we develop a non-autonomous delay differential equation model for mosquito population suppression. After establishing the positiveness and boundedness of the solutions, we study the dynamical behaviours of the model with or without <i>Wolbachia</i>-infected male mosquitoes. More specifically, for the model without infected male mosquitoes, we analyse the asymptotic stability of the equilibria and demonstrate that the model undergo Hopf bifurcations under certain conditions. For the model incorporating infected male mosquitoes, we derive sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the origin. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate and support our theoretical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2437034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global dynamics of discrete mathematical models of tuberculosis.","authors":"Saber Elaydi, René Lozi","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2323724","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2024.2323724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we develop discrete models of Tuberculosis (TB). This includes SEI endogenous and exogenous models without treatment. These models are then extended to a SEIT model with treatment. We develop two types of net reproduction numbers, one is the traditional <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></math> which is based on the disease-free equilibrium, and a new net reproduction number <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mo>∗</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></math> based on the endemic equilibrium. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≤</mo><mtext> </mtext><mn>1</mn></math> and unstable if <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>></mo><mn>1</mn></math>. Moreover, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mo>∗</mo></msup><mo>)</mo><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn><mo><</mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2323724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stochastic multi-host model for West Nile virus transmission.","authors":"Emily B Horton, Suzanne L Robertson","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2023.2293780","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2023.2293780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When initially introduced into a susceptible population, a disease may die out or result in a major outbreak. We present a Continuous-Time Markov Chain model for enzootic WNV transmission between two avian host species and a single vector, and use multitype branching process theory to determine the probability of disease extinction based upon the type of infected individual initially introducing the disease into the population - an exposed vector, infectious vector, or infectious host of either species. We explore how the likelihood of disease extinction depends on the ability of each host species to transmit WNV, vector biting rates on host species, and the relative abundance of host species, as well as vector abundance. Theoretical predictions are compared to the outcome of stochastic simulations. We find the community composition of hosts and vectors, as well as the means of disease introduction, can greatly affect the probability of disease extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2293780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indunil M Hewage, Kevin E M Church, Elissa J Schwartz
{"title":"Investigating the impact of vaccine hesitancy on an emerging infectious disease: a mathematical and numerical analysis.","authors":"Indunil M Hewage, Kevin E M Church, Elissa J Schwartz","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2023.2298988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2023.2298988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout the last two centuries, vaccines have been helpful in mitigating numerous epidemic diseases. However, vaccine hesitancy has been identified as a substantial obstacle in healthcare management. We examined the epidemiological dynamics of an emerging infection under vaccination using an SVEIR model with differential morbidity. We mathematically analyzed the model, derived <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></math>, and provided a complete analysis of the bifurcation at <math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math>. Sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations were used to quantify the tradeoffs between vaccine efficacy and vaccine hesitancy on reducing the disease burden. Our results indicated that if the percentage of the population hesitant about taking the vaccine is 10%, then a vaccine with 94% efficacy is required to reduce the peak of infections by 40%. If 60% of the population is reluctant about being vaccinated, then even a perfect vaccine will not be able to reduce the peak of infections by 40%.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":"2298988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}