BioEnergy Research最新文献_第4页

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Coffee Silverskin and Spent Coffee Grounds: Bioenergy and Biochemical Potential 咖啡银皮和废咖啡渣的水热液化：生物能源和生化潜力

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10867-3

Nikolaos Papamatthaiakis, Aitor Barbero-López, Eemeli Eronen, Janne Jänis, Blas Mola-Yudego, Antti Haapala

{"title":"Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Coffee Silverskin and Spent Coffee Grounds: Bioenergy and Biochemical Potential","authors":"Nikolaos Papamatthaiakis, Aitor Barbero-López, Eemeli Eronen, Janne Jänis, Blas Mola-Yudego, Antti Haapala","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10867-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10867-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coffee roasting by-products represent a significant, underutilized side-stream globally. This study investigates hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) as a method to convert these materials into hydrochar, water-rich light oil, and heavy oil. Using HTL at 300 °C for 60 min, we evaluated the energy content and properties of the resulting hydrochars, finding energy values exceeding 33 MJ/kg—significantly higher than the 19–21 MJ/kg of the raw materials. Hydrothermal liquefaction of spent coffee grounds produced more hydrochar (18 g) and heavy oil (1.2 g) than silverskin (12–14 g hydrochar and 0.1–0.5 g heavy oil). In contrast, silverskin generated twice as much light oil (9.7 g) as spent coffee grounds (4.6 g). Silverskin hydrochars exhibited higher gross calorific value (<i>Baqué</i> 33.95 ± 0.06 MJ/kg, <i>Mariposa</i> 33.86 ± 0.07 MJ/kg, <i>Meira</i> 33.22 ± 0.00 MJ/kg), lower ash content (3–5%), and reduced volatile matter (57–61%) than their raw form. Spent coffee grounds produced hydrochar with the highest gross calorific value (34.27 ± 0.01 MJ/kg), lowest ash content (0.8%) and the most significant reduction in volatile matter. Light and heavy oils produced were rich in alkaloids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, with potential applications in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This work contributes to both bioenergy production and circular economy strategies, valorising the two main side-streams of the coffee industry. With broad implications for sustainable waste management, this study highlights the potential of HTL to advance global bioenergy goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10867-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Exploration of Strategies for Conducting Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic and Algal Biomass Pyrolysis 木质纤维素和藻类生物质热解动力学分析策略探索

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10861-9

Vikul Vasudev, Xiaoke Ku, Shri Ram, Tarique Ahmed Memon, Yogesh Patil, Muhammad Shoaib, Zhiwei Liu, Zishuo Wang

{"title":"An Exploration of Strategies for Conducting Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic and Algal Biomass Pyrolysis","authors":"Vikul Vasudev, Xiaoke Ku, Shri Ram, Tarique Ahmed Memon, Yogesh Patil, Muhammad Shoaib, Zhiwei Liu, Zishuo Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10861-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10861-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomass pyrolysis plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable energy solutions because of its carbon–neutral potential. However, kinetic analysis of this process particularly for lignocellulosic and algal feedstocks remains challenging due to methodological and modelling complexities. This review synthesizes recent advances in kinetic modelling and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for both lignocellulosic and algal biomasses, emphasizing the critical differences in their thermal decomposition behaviors and the resulting challenges in determining kinetic parameters. We systematically evaluate state-of-the-art sample pre-treatment techniques and experimental protocols essential for reliable TGA-based kinetic studies. Furthermore, we provide a detailed, stepwise comparison of both classical and emerging approaches for calculating the kinetic triplet: activation energy, reaction model function, and pre-exponential factor. Special attention is given to the limitations of traditional isoconversion and model-fitting methods when applied to complex, multi-component biomass systems, alongside the increasing adoption of multi-step kinetic schemes and advanced numerical optimization techniques that address these issues. Additionally, this review critically examines the integration of artificial intelligence, particularly artificial neural networks in predicting kinetic parameters and modelling complex pyrolysis reactions, presenting current achievements as well as future prospects. By consolidating methodological advances and identifying persistent gaps, this review offers a comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to improve the accuracy and applicability of kinetic analysis methods in the thermochemical conversion of diverse biomass feedstocks, ultimately supporting the development of more efficient bioenergy technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating Automation in Biomass Transformation: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions 生物质转化中的自动化集成：机遇、挑战和未来方向

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10864-6

A. Ananda, R. K. Sujeeth, S. Archana

{"title":"Integrating Automation in Biomass Transformation: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions","authors":"A. Ananda, R. K. Sujeeth, S. Archana","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10864-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10864-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integration of automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing the field of biomass transformation by enabling smarter, more efficient, and scalable processes. AI/ML have shown significant promise in enhancing processes such as biofuel production, anaerobic digestion, and waste-to-energy conversion by enabling predictive analytics, process control, and real-time monitoring. For instance, ML algorithms can predict optimal fermentation conditions for bioethanol production, while deep learning models can enhance enzyme selection for the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass. Intelligent decision support systems (IDSS) are being applied to improve process efficiency in biogas plants by analyzing large datasets from sensor networks. Despite these advancements, critical challenges remain, including the need for laboratory automation, robust data infrastructure, a skilled workforce, and broader technology adoption. This review uniquely consolidates and analyzes the integration of AI/ML across a wide spectrum of biomass transformation processes, rather than focusing on isolated applications as seen in previous studies. This review presents a comprehensive overview of current developments, identifies existing limitations, and outlines future directions for researchers and practitioners aiming to drive innovation in this interdisciplinary field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-Site Power Generation Using Biogas in Sewage Treatment Plants: A Techno-Economic Assessment of a Brazilian UASB Facility 污水处理厂沼气就地发电：巴西UASB设施的技术经济评估

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10863-7

Nestor Proenza Pérez, Edilson Adrião Cabral, Thiago Averaldo Bimestre, Carla Almeida Loures, Diego M. Yepes Maya, Luís Frölén Ribeiro

{"title":"On-Site Power Generation Using Biogas in Sewage Treatment Plants: A Techno-Economic Assessment of a Brazilian UASB Facility","authors":"Nestor Proenza Pérez, Edilson Adrião Cabral, Thiago Averaldo Bimestre, Carla Almeida Loures, Diego M. Yepes Maya, Luís Frölén Ribeiro","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10863-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10863-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small sewage treatment plants (STPs) in developing regions often flare the biogas produced in their upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, giving away a cost-effective energy source. This study tests whether on-site biogas-to-energy can pay for itself in approximately 2 years, even in plants treating less than 30 l s<sup>−1</sup>. A small-scale STP in Angra dos Reis, Brazil (25 L/s), was studied, with an average biogas flow of 9.7 m<sup>3</sup>/h; electricity generation was modeled for an engine generator unit with an efficiency of 30%. The techno-economic results show that the actual system would generate 125 MWh/year at a levelized cost of 0.017–0.023 USD/kWh, covering 47% of the plant’s electricity demand. At a discount rate of 8%, the net present value was + 9.3 k US$, and the simple payback period was 2 years for the initial investment. Additionally, extrapolating the results to account for future expansion of the sewage treatment plant based on the total population in the region served by the system reveals even more promising results, with a suggested payback period of 1 year and 1 month of operation, covering approximately 57% of electricity demand. Scaling this retrofit to the approximately 18,000 comparable UASB-based STPs worldwide at low capital cost could reduce electricity bills by approximately 40% and avoid ~ 450 tons of CO₂-eq. per plant per year through methane capture and displacement of electricity from the grid. These results confirm that decentralized biogas power generation on a small scale is not only technically feasible, but also financially attractive and ecologically beneficial for operators of sewage and wastewater treatment plants and municipalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate from Lignocellulosic Biogas Power Plants for Sustainable Soil Improvement and Low Carbon Emissions 木质纤维素沼气发电厂消化物的水热碳化用于可持续土壤改良和低碳排放

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10865-5

Boonya Charnnok, Khemmikar Khompatara, Sumate Chaiprapat, Santhana Krishnan

{"title":"Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate from Lignocellulosic Biogas Power Plants for Sustainable Soil Improvement and Low Carbon Emissions","authors":"Boonya Charnnok, Khemmikar Khompatara, Sumate Chaiprapat, Santhana Krishnan","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10865-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10865-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explored hydrothermal carbonization to enhance digestate from lignocellulosic biogas power plants as a soil amendment for low-carbon agriculture. Hydrochar was produced from real digestate via hydrothermal carbonization at 225–265 °C, hydrothermal carbonization at 265 °C demonstrating optimal properties for agricultural use. Key benefits include enhanced phosphorus retention, controlled-release nutrient behavior as indicated by <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> cultivation in its water-soluble fraction, and safe application as a soil amendment, with heavy metal concentrations within regulatory limits and absent in the water-soluble fraction. Based on theoretical calculations, labile carbon—represented by the water-soluble organic carbon fraction in hydrochar—was reduced 15-fold at 265 °C compared to the digestate. This reduction could decrease greenhouse gas emissions from 441 to 29 tons CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent annually in a 1 MW biogas plant scenario, while sequestering 766 tons of carbon in cropland soils. Additionally, theoretical calculations suggest co-digestion with hydrothermal wastewater could enhance nutrient recovery and methane production, contributing to low-carbon emissions. These findings underscore hydrothermal carbonization’s potential for sustainable biogas power plant, agriculture, and climate change mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methanogenesis Recovery Mechanism Under Extreme Acidic Stress in Failed Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion System of Maize Straw 玉米秸秆固态厌氧消化系统在极端酸性胁迫下的产甲烷恢复机制

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10862-8

Mengyi Wang, Hongyi Lyu, Wenjin Zhao, Hui Wang, Fei Li, Jing Chen, Caiyun Yang, Yiqing Yao

{"title":"Methanogenesis Recovery Mechanism Under Extreme Acidic Stress in Failed Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion System of Maize Straw","authors":"Mengyi Wang, Hongyi Lyu, Wenjin Zhao, Hui Wang, Fei Li, Jing Chen, Caiyun Yang, Yiqing Yao","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10862-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10862-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volatile fatty acid accumulation may cause inhibition, or complete cessation of methanogenesis, which was undesirable for large-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) engineering. In this study, it was unexpectedly observed that methanogenesis gradually resumed after a long period of time when gas production had stopped due to acid inhibition in maize straw solid-state (SS)-AD. The results showed SS-AD achieved the cumulative methane production of 9.32 mL/gVS and maintained the acetic acid degradation rate at 70.8%–88.8% within 8 days of methanogenesis recovery. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analysis revealed that <i>Thermoclostridium</i>, <i>Defluviitalea</i>, and <i>Hydrogenispora</i> were the key bacteria resisting extreme acidic stress, while <i>Methanosarcina mazei</i>,<i> Methanoculleus thermophilus</i>, and <i>Methanosarcina thermophila</i> were the key archaea promoting methanogenesis recovery. Microorganisms survived under extreme acidic stress mainly by lysine decarboxylation and biosynthesis of cell membranes/walls and flagella. Meanwhile, enhanced tryptophan synthesis and metabolism accelerated carbon supply to TCA cycle, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms under extreme acidic stress. Moreover, the genetic information processing ability and CRISPR-Cas system were enhanced in <i>M. mazei</i> and <i>M. thermophila</i>, which favored their survival and growth in SS-AD. <i>M. thermophilus</i> mainly contributed to the methanogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. This study helps in developing SS-AD methodology for overcoming extreme acidic stress.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Collection and Pretreatment Methods for Cost-Effective and Low-CO2 Emission Biomass Supply Chains 优化收集和预处理方法的成本效益和低二氧化碳排放的生物质供应链

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10854-8

Changliu He, Xi Zhao, Lei Zheng, Jiayu Xin, Huimin Yun, Xu Zhang

{"title":"Optimizing Collection and Pretreatment Methods for Cost-Effective and Low-CO2 Emission Biomass Supply Chains","authors":"Changliu He, Xi Zhao, Lei Zheng, Jiayu Xin, Huimin Yun, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10854-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10854-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high cost of biomass feedstock hinders the growth of the cellulosic ethanol industry, especially in regions like China where biomass is extensively dispersed. To tackle this issue, we devised a biomass supply chain model encompassing collection, pretreatment, storage, and transportation phases. We examined the effects of various collection and pretreatment method combinations on supply-chain costs and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The model’s validity was confirmed using Heilongjiang and Zhejiang as representatives of northern and southern regions. Mechanized collection with shredding-baling proved to be the most economical, costing 226.6 y/t in Heilongjiang and 217.7 y/t in Zhejiang within a 60 km collection radius. For CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, mechanized collection with kneading emerged as the optimal choice. With governmental subsidies, mechanized collection with kneading became the preferred option, considering both cost and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. By incorporating agricultural cooperatives, costs were further reduced by up to 70 y/t in Heilongjiang and 65 y/t in Zhejiang. This model facilitates the cost-effective collection of straw for ethanol production in biomass-scattered China. Biomass decentralization combining collection and pretreatment methods is key to achieving site-specific biomass supply. Furthermore, the model can be adapted for acquiring biomass feedstock in other sectors and offers insights for biomass procurement in diverse regions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Continuous Anaerobic Co-digestion of Residual Biomass—Model Validation and Model-Based Investigation of Different Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratios 残渣长期连续厌氧共消化——不同碳氮比的模型验证及基于模型的研究

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10858-4

Jana Schultz, Marvin Scherzinger, Amr Y. Elbanhawy, Martin Kaltschmitt

{"title":"Long-Term Continuous Anaerobic Co-digestion of Residual Biomass—Model Validation and Model-Based Investigation of Different Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratios","authors":"Jana Schultz, Marvin Scherzinger, Amr Y. Elbanhawy, Martin Kaltschmitt","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10858-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10858-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major challenges in using lignocellulosic residues as biogas substrates arise from their high diversity and their typically low nitrogen content, which may not provide sufficient nitrogen for the microorganisms. To investigate to what extent such substrates can be used in biogas plants without extensive pre-treatment, this study presents a 300-day continuous co-digestion of lignocellulosic substrates (i.e., sugarcane reed, lemon, and grape leaves) and goat manure while continuously monitoring various process parameters. The results suggest a stable and effective biogas production at a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) of 33, with a production of 244 ± 15 mL<sub>N</sub> g<sub>VS</sub><sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> biogas. At a higher C/N ratio of 43, the process remained stable, but hindrance was encountered. Process failure occurred at a C/N ratio of 52, where a rapid decline in biogas production was observed, accompanied by an increase in the volatile fatty acids to total alkalinity ratio (from < 0.2 to 0.9), a drop in the pH-value (from > 7 to 5.4), and an increased CO<sub>2</sub>-content of the provided biogas (from > 50% to 43%). The compositional analysis of the digestate suggests an insufficient N-supply and a failure of the carbonate and ammonium buffer systems inside the reactor. The experiment also served to validate a previously developed model based on the individual substrates’ degradation kinetics. With a relative root mean square error <i>rRMSE</i> of 8%, the model adequately predicted biogas production within defined limits. However, it could not anticipate process breakdown at high C/N ratios, highlighting a strong limitation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10858-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Products from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch 棕榈空果串水热液化产品的评价

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10859-3

Brendan Ong Wei Ling, Han Hao Chon, Rui Hong Teoh, Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar

{"title":"Evaluation of the Products from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch","authors":"Brendan Ong Wei Ling, Han Hao Chon, Rui Hong Teoh, Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10859-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10859-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization of biomass to liquid components in the presence of water at moderate to high temperatures (200–400 °C) and pressures (10–25 MPa). At the threshold of the critical point, the characteristics of water change dramatically, and water behaves like an excellent reacting medium. With the continued expansion of palm oil industries in Malaysia, the abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB), the largest organic solid waste from palm oil mills, has grown significantly. In the current study, the effects of temperature and dosage of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> on hydrothermal liquefaction of EFB were conducted. The maximum yield of bio-oil attained was 25.4 wt% at 275 °C. The presence of an oxidizing agent (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) near critical conditions makes the process more effective in the oxidation of lignin. The major components of biocrude oil were cyclopentenone (enone) derivatives and phenol derivatives. The amount of phenol in biocrude oil increased with temperature, reaching a maximum yield of 8.9 wt% when 3 mL of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was added for HTL at 275 °C. The fixed carbon and thermal stability of hydrochar increased when H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was introduced during the HTL process. The yield and quality of the products were controlled by the temperature of the HTL process. Meanwhile, the depolymerization of lignin with an oxidant provided phenolic-rich biocrude oil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selection of Appropriate Plant-Based Oils and Neo-polyols for Transesterification to Produce Polyolesters-Based Bio-transformer Oil 选择合适的植物油和新型多元醇用于酯交换生产聚脂基生物转化油

IF 3 3区工程技术

BioEnergy Research Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-025-10860-w

Ratchayol Sornvoralop, Boonyawan Yoosuk, Napida Hinchiranan

{"title":"Selection of Appropriate Plant-Based Oils and Neo-polyols for Transesterification to Produce Polyolesters-Based Bio-transformer Oil","authors":"Ratchayol Sornvoralop, Boonyawan Yoosuk, Napida Hinchiranan","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10860-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10860-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to rising electrical power consumption, attention to bio-transformer oil (BTO) is increasing due to higher environmental and ecological concerns. Thus, this research aimed to identify the appropriate plant-based oils and polyols to prepare BTO synthesized via two-step transesterification involving the transformation of plant-based oils into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with methanol and then reacting with polyols to produce polyolesters (POEs). The plant-based oils—palm kernel oil (PK), refined palm oil (RFP), high olein palm oil (HOP), sunflower oil (SF), and soybean oil (SB)—were reacted with various polyols, neopentyl glycol (NPG), trimethylolpropane (TMP), and di-trimethylolpropane (Di-TMP), to produce BTO in forms of neopentyl glycol diester (NPGDE), trimethylolpropane triester (TMPTE), and di-trimethylolpropane tetraester (Di-TMPTTE), respectively. Among these POEs, BTO with TMPTE structure had appropriate properties in terms of dielectric breakdown voltage, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, and flash point following IEC 62770 specification. However, the pour point and oxidation stability of BTO derived from each FAME (PK-TMPTE: − 7 °C, 22 h/RFP-TMPTE: 19 °C, 35 h/HOP-TMPTE: 17 °C, 30 h/SF-TMPTE: − 14 °C, 3 h and SB-TMPTE: − 10 °C, 4 h, respectively) failed to meet specified standard requirements (≤ − 10 °C and ≥ 13 h). The balance between steric hindrance and unsaturation level generated from the polyols and plant-based oils was crucial in achieving BTO with the desired properties. A 70/30 (w/w) PK-TMPTE/SF-TMPTE blend ratio was observed as an optimal formulation to provide BTO having a low pour point (− 10 °C) and high oxidation stability (15 h), following the standard specification for transformer oil.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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