BioEnergy Research最新文献

{"title":"Short-Time Ball Milling Improving Hydrolysis of Corn Starch: A Sustainable and Chemical-Free Pretreatment Approach","authors":"Carolina Reis Guimarães,&nbsp;Alvaro Ferreira Monteiro,&nbsp;Daniel Oluwagbotemi Fasheun,&nbsp;Willian Bastos Monteiro,&nbsp;Ayla Sant’Ana da Silva,&nbsp;Elba P. S. Bon,&nbsp;Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira,&nbsp;Viridiana Santana Ferreira-Leitão","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10856-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10856-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research focuses on the application of short-term ball milling as a sustainable pretreatment for corn grains, aiming to improve enzymatic hydrolysis and produce glucose syrups. The study evaluated the effects of ball milling on corn properties. The results showed small changes in starch crystallinity and composition but highlighted a significant increase in hydroxyl group availability, as indicated by FTIR. These modifications correlated with a 43% increase in water absorption and a 27% increase in solubility. Enzymatic hydrolysis of samples ball milled for 3 h demonstrated a remarkable improvement, with a starch conversion of 74.15%, representing a 119.5% increase in yield compared to milled corn (control). At the end of the process, a glucose syrup containing 68.7 g/L of glucose plus maltose was obtained. These results highlight the potential of ball milling as a fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for corn starch pretreatment before hydrolysis, thus representing a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional starch processing techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Biogas: Evaluating Scenarios for Electricity Generation and Upgrading to Biomethane","authors":"Maria dos Reis Santos Borges,&nbsp;Sandra Maria da Luz","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10855-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10855-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy use of biogas in Brazil still faces significant technological and logistical challenges, despite the high availability of raw materials. This study evaluates the environmental viability of biogas from cattle manure in a small-scale plant using a well-to-wheels life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The motivation is to overcome barriers to biogas-to-biomethane conversion in Brazil. Comparing environmental impacts across scenarios helps identify key technological differences, strategies for broader adoption, and ways to integrate small-scale plants as viable producers. The benchmark scenario involves biogas for electricity and heat generation. In contrast, three biomethane upgrade scenarios were proposed, utilizing pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation (MS), and high-pressure water scrubbing (HPWS), with biomethane used as vehicle fuel. A fourth scenario assessed the direct application of manure as organic fertilizer. Results show that the benchmark performed better than biomethane in acidification (14%) and eutrophication (21%) but was less effective in climate change compared to manure application. Among upgrading technologies, HPWS had the lowest climate change impact (3.16 × 10⁻³ kg CO₂ eq./MJ), MS performed best in acidification (4.33 × 10⁻⁵ kg SO₂ eq./MJ), and PSA had the lowest eutrophication impact (3.61 × 10⁻⁶ kg PO₄ eq./MJ), 53% lower than MS and HPWS. Manure application had the lowest primary energy demand and negative GWP due to avoided synthetic fertilizers, but eutrophication was ten times higher than the benchmark (1.27 × 10⁻³ kg PO₄ eq./MJ), requiring optimized nutrient management. These findings provide insights into upgrading technologies and manure management to support sustainable strategies in Brazil’s energy transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioenergy Production from Teak Residues: Assessing the Role in Controlling Insect Pest Infestations","authors":"Mansi Sahu,&nbsp;Mohsin Ikram,&nbsp;Pradeepto Pal,&nbsp;Anjana Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10849-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10849-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a globally significant timber species, teak cultivation generates considerable lignocellulosic residues and is vulnerable to damage from various insect pests. This review investigates the potential of leveraging teak (<i>Tectona grandis</i>) biomass residues for bioenergy production while concurrently addressing the challenge of insect pest infestations in teak plantations. The review consolidates current advancements in bioenergy conversion technologies applicable to teak residues, detailing the chemical composition and energy potential of teak biomass. It also examines the ecological dynamics and management practices for key insect pest species affecting teak. Furthermore, the analysis explores the potential integration of bioenergy production with pest control strategies, emphasizing how residue management through bioenergy processes may contribute to reducing pest populations by altering habitat conditions and enhancing plantation hygiene. The study highlights the economic and environmental benefits of these synergistic approaches, proposing that strategic utilization of teak residues could offer dual advantages of sustainable waste valorization and pest mitigation. However, additional research is required to optimize these integrated methodologies and to rigorously quantify their long-term efficacy in both bioenergy yield and pest suppression within teak cultivation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass Valorization of Unexplored Canara and Capiaçu Elephant Grass Cultivars for Pyrolytic Sugar (Levoglucosan) Production via Fast Pyrolysis","authors":"Thays da Costa Silveira,&nbsp;Euripedes Garcia Silveira Junior,&nbsp;Victor Haber Perez,&nbsp;Geraldo Ferreira David,&nbsp;Sergio Antonio Fernandes,&nbsp;Oselys Rodriguez Justo,&nbsp;Carina Aline Prado,&nbsp;Júlio César dos Santos","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10857-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10857-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aimed to evaluate the potential of two cultivars of elephant grass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schum), canara and capiaçu, as feedstocks for energy purposes through levoglucosan production by fast pyrolysis. Levoglucosan is an anhydrous pyrolytic sugar that has great potential as a fermentation substrate for the obtaining of biofuels. Then, pyrolysis experiments were carried out seeking to intensify the levoglucosan production through the evaluation of the thermochemical conversion at 400, 500, and 600 °C, with biomass acid pretreatment (5, 10, and 15% v/v acetic acid) for canara and capiaçu biomasses, and 50% canara/capiaçu mixtures for co-pyrolysis. Structural as well as physicochemical composition changes after biomass acid treatment were observed prior pyrolysis. Statistical analysis revealed that pyrolysis temperature and biomass type significantly affected levoglucosan production at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.1. Then, optimization by using the Design-Expert software pointed out that canara cultivar had the greatest potential since produced around fivefold more levoglucosan than untreated biomass and almost twofold more than capiaçu at 500 °C. However, co-pyrolysis seems to be a good alternative when biomass mixtures from different cultivars/varieties are available. Thus, the results from this study can be interesting to support lignocellulosic feedstock diversification to attaining pyrolytic compounds with special focus in anhydrosugars for renewable fuel production, adding value to the elephant grass productive chain.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Combined Alkaline-Hydrothermal Pretreatment for Enhancing Bio-methane Production from Paulownia fortunei Wood Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Dariush Ashuri,&nbsp;Ahmad Abbaszadeh-Mayvan,&nbsp;Ahmad Taghizadeh-Alisaraei,&nbsp;Mohammad hadi Aryaie Monfared,&nbsp;Aliasghar Tatari","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10847-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10847-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paulownia wood is recognized as a promising source of lignocellulosic resources as feedstock for biofuel production processes. However, the inherent resistance of lignocellulosic materials to biological degradation poses a significant challenge in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. This study aimed to assess the impact of combined alkaline-hydrothermal (CAH) pretreatment with sodium hydroxide on enhancing bio-methane yield (BMY) from fast-growing <i>Paulownia fortunei</i> wood. The effect of pretreatment on morphological characteristics and biomass compounds was examined using FESEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. The process was analyzed and optimized using the RSM-CCD methodology. The investigated parameters included NaOH concentration (3, 6, and 9% w/w), pretreatment temperature (60, 120, and 180 °C), and time (30, 75, and 120 min.). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that all selected parameters had a significant effect on the BMY. Moreover, the optimal pretreatment conditions were a NaOH concentration of 7.91% w/w, a temperature of 170.9 °C, and a time of 86.6 min., leading to a BMY of 300.2 mL/g.VS. The EDX analysis revealed that carbon content in the CAH pretreated samples decreased by 9.98%, while oxygen content increased by 17.9%. Furthermore, the FESEM results revealed that the surface of untreated Paulownia wood is highly compact and inaccessible, whereas the open and disintegrated structure of the CAH pretreated sample could be responsible for the improvement of bio-methane yield.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgal Neutral Lipid Accumulation: Cellular Mechanism and Ways to Improve Biodiesel Production","authors":"M. Sreelakshmi,&nbsp;K. Arunkumar","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10851-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10851-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microalgae-based biodiesel is attractive for its renewability, low toxicity, and biodegradability. Richness of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in microalgae makes them ideal for high-quality biodiesel production. Under favourable conditions, microalgae accumulate only a basal level of neutral lipids. When the conditions become adverse, cells undergo a rapid metabolic rearrangement that accelerates the neutral lipid accumulation. However, this rearrangement compromises the growth and thus affects the overall yield. To solve this bottleneck, it is important to understand the key mechanism. This review first analyses the cellular metabolic regulation associated with triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in microalgae during different stress conditions. From the analysis, it is clear that both growth-related pathways and neutral lipid biosynthesis share common precursors involving multiple pathways, and this makes the simultaneous achievement of high biomass and TAG yield challenging. Some of the strategies that have the potential to overcome this challenge, like genetic engineering, altering the mode of nutrition, and two-phase cultivation, are discussed. The efficiency of these strategies in achieving the goal, possible limitations, and suggestions to overcome the limitations are also included. The review also finds that merely maximizing TAG content within microalgae cells is insufficient for commercializing microalgae for biodiesel. Technoeconomic analysis reveals that high capital and operational costs associated with microalgae biodiesel production result in elevated production costs. So, utilizing wastewater as an alternative medium is promising to cut down the cost associated with culture nutrients, a major contributor to the operational cost. Additionally, the development of economically viable operating systems is crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Straw for Bio-oil Production","authors":"Roshan Bhurse,&nbsp;Neha Gautam,&nbsp;Nidhi Singh,&nbsp;Ashish Chaurasia","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10852-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10852-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study made use of rice straws to produce bio-oil through a catalytic pyrolysis process using both laboratory-scale fixed bed catalytic reactor and bench-scale auger pyrolysis reactor at a temperature ranging from 450 to 600 °C. The amount of bio-oil rose from 38.48 to 40.15 weight % in batch reactor while it rose from 31.7 to 34.6 weight % in auger reactor when the temperature rose from 450 to 500 °C because of an increase in the conversion of char into volatiles and gases. The catalytic cracking of bio-oil was investigated using kaolin and bentonite–supported nickel (Ni/kaolin, Ni/bentonite) catalyst to upgrade bio-oil. The Ni/kaolin-6 catalyst was found to be the most superior catalyst for reduction of the oxygen content of bio-oil from 50.4 ± 0.50% to 38.85 ± 0.39% and has a highest HHV value of 22.60 ± 1.13 MJ/kg. The FTIR and GCMS results show that Ni/kaolin-6 catalyst is the most superior for reducing the existence of aldehyde, ketone and alkenes while increasing the existence of aromatic groups and hydrocarbons in bio-oil samples. The hydrocarbon groups in bio-oil such as C-H, phenol and alcohols suggested that it could be utilised as a fuel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Lactic Acid from Lipid Extracted Algal Biomass of Scenedesmus sp.","authors":"Nirmalya Halder,&nbsp;Rajiv Kumar Aneja,&nbsp;Dinesh Goyal","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10850-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10850-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biorefining process was developed for the utilization of lipid extracted algal biomass (LEAB) of <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. Carbohydrate rich LEAB was hydrolyzed by different acids (HNO₃, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HClO₄, HCl) and alkali (NaOH, KOH) to yield fermentable sugars for bioconversion into lactic acid. Treatment with 0.9 M H₂SO₄ at 121 °C for 5 min was ideal for the release of reducing sugar (7.41 ± 0.56 g/L), corresponding to a saccharification efficiency of 37.03 ± 2.81%, with minimum generation of inhibitors, furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. LEAB-derived acid hydrolysate was neutralized by calcium hydroxide and supplemented with organic nitrogen sources (peptone, beef extract and yeast extract), prior to fermentation by <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> to transform reducing sugars into lactic acid. Peptone supplementation showed maximum 68.83 ± 0.43% conversion of reducing sugar into 1.2 g/L lactic acid, achieving a lactic acid yield of 0.81 ± 0.0042 g/g. These results highlight the strong potential of LEAB as a sustainable feedstock for lactic acid production in biorefineries and its application in food industry as preservative and acidulant, cosmetics and biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Ricinus Communis Oil over Based Zinc and Aluminum Hydrotalcites Modified with Calcium","authors":"Denis A. Cabrera-Munguia,&nbsp;Dora A. Solís-Casados,&nbsp;Adolfo Romero-Galarza,&nbsp;Aída Gutiérrez-Alejandre,&nbsp;Leopoldo J. Ríos-González,&nbsp;Raquel A. López-Montes","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10853-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10853-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, a non-edible second-generation raw material, <i>Ricinus communis</i> oil, was used as a source of triglycerides for biodiesel production. The reaction was catalyzed with zinc aluminum hydrotalcite, doped with calcium, varying the Ca/Al molar ratio (X = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05), and with a fixed Zn/Al molar ratio of 2. The ZAC(X) materials were synthesized by coprecipitation and characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The thermal activation at 200 °C generates the dehydration and dehydroxylation processes that lead to the formation of Lewis acid-basic pairs (M–O-) and Brönsted basic sites (-OH), along with the formation of a high amount of grafted metal oxides with carbonate anions and hydrozincite, a well-known active crystalline phase. XPS results showed that the calcium-doped catalysts had a relative percentage of hydrozincite of about 48% compared to 31.5% for the undoped catalyst (ZAC(0.0)). Furthermore, the ZAC(0.03) catalyst had the highest M–O-/M-OH site ratio of 1.5. The latter combination generates that ZAC(0.03) shows the best catalytic performance (96.04% FAME yield), which is very close to the EN 14214 standard, maintaining this performance in biodiesel production during 4 reaction cycles without subsequent thermal treatment. The optimal conditions to perform the transesterification reaction of castor oil are 3% w/w of catalyst ZAC(0.03), a molar ratio oil:MeOH 1:30, 200 °C as reaction temperature, and 2 h as reaction time. The value of the kinetic constant of the ZAC(0.03) was 1.8 × 10⁻³ L/gcat.min, which is 2.3 times higher than ZAC(0.0) (k = 0.788 × 10⁻³ L/gcat.min) and between 1.45 and 1.70 times higher than the concerning catalysts with Zr and Ce (reported in previous works). Due to the high viscosity (14.358 mm²/s) and low cetane number (30.7) of the biodiesel produced from <i>Ricinus communis</i> oil, its use in a blend with diesel is suggested. According to the cost analysis, the price to synthesize the catalysts used in this work was around 0.91 $/g.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-Driven Hydrothermal Pretreatment to Improve Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Straw","authors":"Lanxing Ying,&nbsp;Yao Zhong,&nbsp;Jinsong He,&nbsp;Dong Tian,&nbsp;Mei Huang,&nbsp;Yanzong Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Fei Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10848-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10848-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because of the increasing contradictions between the depletion of fossil fuels and the pursuit of sustainable development, renewable energy is in great demand. Extra energy inputs restrict biomass from being a carbon–neutral resource for bioenergy conversion. Integrating clean energy can reduce the consumption of conventional energy to settle this issue. Solar energy was introduced into the hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) of lignocellulosic wastes to improve the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD). In this study, a solar-driven hydrothermal pretreatment (SHP) reactor was designed, and four different kinds of weather conditions were selected to investigate the performance of the pretreatment using corn straw (CS) for AD. The results indicated that good weather conditions (high light intensity) achieved the highest temperature of 156.2 °C in the SHP reactor. It was surprising that the pretreated CS at low light intensity (LI) had the highest cumulative methane yield of 210.61 mL/g TS. Correspondingly, the maximum net energy was gained with LI, which was 10.10% higher than that of the untreated substrates. The life cycle assessment results indicated that SHP had better environmental benefits than traditional HP. The work suggested that introducing solar energy into HP is feasible to satisfy the energy requirements, and it is promising for large-scale application. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}