BioEnergy Research最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the Oily Fraction on the Thermal Behavior of Coffee Grounds During Pyrolysis: A Kinetic Study Based on Thermogravimetric Data","authors":"Sabrine Zghal,&nbsp;Morched Hamza,&nbsp;Ilyes Jedidi,&nbsp;Makki Abdelmouleh","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10841-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10841-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of the oily fraction on the thermal behavior during the pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCG), a biomass abundantly found in waste. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) was conducted at heating rates ranging from 5 to 50°C/min, with a maximum temperature of 800°C, to evaluate the thermal behavior and kinetic parameters of the thermochemical decomposition of SCG and oil-extracted spent coffee grounds (SCGE), along with their biopolymer components. The comparison of the oily fraction in SCG and SCGE was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that for both biomasses, the decomposition temperature increased with higher heating rates, although the overall decomposition patterns remained unaffected. The FTIR results revealed a progressive transformation of organic compounds into carbonaceous materials, with significant changes around 400°C. During pyrolysis, the reactivity of biopolymers followed the order: hemicellulose &gt; cellulose &gt; lignin. The kinetic study of pyrolysis by applying the Kissinger method provided an <i>E</i>_<i>a</i> value of 122.149 kJ/mol for SCG and 115.814 kJ/mol for SCGE, corresponding to the decomposition of hemicellulose. KAS and FWO methods showed that the activation energy (<i>E</i>_<i>a</i>) of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin increased with the conversion level. Compared to SCGE, the increase in activation energy (<i>E</i>_<i>a</i>) observed for SCG can be attributed to the presence of free fatty acids in the oil, which slow down the reaction transition. After oil extraction (SCGE), the transition becomes more gradual, indicating that the removal of oil fractions promotes a decrease in activation energy. These results highlight the influence of the oil fraction on the thermal behavior of the material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combination of Mechanical, Chemical, and Thermal Pretreatments of Agricultural Feedstocks Enhances Biomethane Yields in Advanced Anaerobic Digestion","authors":"Nichola Austen,&nbsp;Helen Theaker,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Tenci,&nbsp;Alan Beesley,&nbsp;Ian P. Thompson","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10846-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10846-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-step advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) pretreatment of feedstocks increases biogas yields compared to non-pretreated feedstocks, and is key to the processing of recalcitrant lignocellulosic feedstock to make commercial biogas production more economically viable. Here, we present several low energy and eco-friendly pretreatments to commercially relevant lignocellulosic feedstocks (rye and maize), to increase biomethane yields. In this study, the impact of two heating treatments, 55 °C and at 80 °C, the addition of a bio-organic catalyst (BOC), and mechanical particle size reduction by cavitation were investigated. For both feedstocks, thermal pretreatment significantly increased both solubility and enhanced biogas yield (8.6–136.6%), with maize responding better to a temperature of 55 °C (136.6% increase) and rye to 80 °C (62% increase). The BOC addition enhanced the rye yield (14%) but decreased from maize (4%), and cavitation enhanced the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of rye (38.7%) but had an inhibitory effect on maize (10.6%). The results of this multi-process study demonstrate the efficacy of low energy pretreatments for lignocellulosic material that can be applied to existing AD plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10846-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofuels for a Sustainable Future: Generations, Technologies, and Key Challenges in Renewable Energy","authors":"Gaurav Singh Bisht,&nbsp;Shivam Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10842-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10842-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The depletion of traditional fuel supplies and environmental issues have promoted the exploration of an environmentally benign, cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable alternative energy source. Large quantities of lignocellulosic biomass are generated globally, and they can be utilized in biofuel production using various methods. Biomass energy is becoming increasingly important in the global energy system. In recent years, biofuels have emerged as an important renewable energy source. Biofuels are preferred for various reasons, including improvement in energy security and sustainable nature, reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, creation of new jobs, raise in farm earnings, and for having chemical and physical properties similar to oil, and for its easy utilization. This review is a comprehensive analysis of different generations of biofuel derived from food crops, non-food biomass, algae, and genetically engineered organisms along with its bio-thermo-chemical conversion, also discusses technologies for transforming biomass waste and residues into biofuels, particularly technological conceptions and comparative benefits. The study also focuses on key issues of biofuel transportation and storage, which are critical to maintain stable supply chains and distribution networks. Biofuel’s environmental benefits, difficulties, and downsides are also addressed. Finally, the article addresses future bioenergy possibilities and developments, focusing on advanced technologies that maximizes biofuel output, enhance feedstock processing, achieve sustainable development goals, and boost carbon sequestration potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen Bonding Improvement of Urea Assisting Potassium Hydroxide Pretreatment to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw","authors":"Xiangliang Du,&nbsp;Wen Wang,&nbsp;Cuiyi Liang,&nbsp;Shiyou Xing,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Xuesong Tan,&nbsp;Wei Qi","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10845-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10845-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>KOH-urea pretreatment of lignocellulose has increasingly gained attention due to its mild reaction condition and recyclable liquid waste. However, the mechanism of urea assisting KOH pretreatment to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose remains to be further explored. This study found that urea addition could enhance KOH solution to remove lignin from rice straw (RS). When the ratio of KOH to urea was 1:1, the treated RS which was composed of 44.58 ± 0.39% glucan, 15.14 ± 0.12% xylan, and 12.40 ± 0.06% acid-insoluble lignin attained the maximum total sugar production of 57.52 ± 2.42 mg/mL and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of 84.34 ± 4.85%. The structural features of KOH and KOH-urea-treated RS samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It showed that a proper urea addition could intensify the physical structure changes and chemical groups release of KOH-treated RS. After detecting the hydrogen bonds in KOH and KOH-urea solutions, it was found that an appropriate urea addition could improve the hydrogen bonding linkage between chemical reagents and lignin. It might be the reason for maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of KOH-urea-treated lignocellulose which was obtained with a suitable addition of urea. This study provided some evidences to explain the mechanism of urea facilitating KOH pretreatment of lignocellulose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofuels in India: Policies, Reviews, and Strategic Analysis","authors":"Nishat Fatima,&nbsp;Nusrat Khanam,&nbsp;Ranjana Kumari,&nbsp;Vipin C. Joshi,&nbsp;Sourish Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10843-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10843-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The social and economic development of India has elevated a considerable population from poverty and the concomitant modernization of societal structures. The country’s energy security has changed due to this advancement, though, as it has increased reliance on non-renewable energy sources. The dependence on these sources severely affects the climate by emitting greenhouse gases and other harmful substances that contribute to climate change and disrupt the natural balance of the environment by decreasing reservoirs of fossil fuels. In response, India initiated various policies and actions to protect our diverse nature and set a target to switch its energy demand from non-renewable to renewable. India is working to produce more renewable energy such as biofuel to lessen its reliance on and consumption of fossil fuels. Biofuel production is one of the solutions to climate change and pollution. Despite setbacks such as supply shortages and global concerns about food security, India aimed to achieve a 20% blend of biodiesel and ethanol by 2017, as delineated in the National Policy on Biofuels (2009). This scientific investigation focuses on the systematic examination of governmental policies, such as the National Policy on Biofuel (2018), Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES), an ethanol blending program, Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana, and GOBARdhan, and recent implementations to elucidate the biofuel landscape and also highlights the state policies and its challenges.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement in Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Stover Pretreated by Freeze–Thaw: Methane Yield, Energy Efficiency, and Economic Analysis","authors":"Yuhan Mei,&nbsp;Quanlin Zhao,&nbsp;Feng Zhen,&nbsp;Zaichen Wu,&nbsp;Yongming Sun,&nbsp;Haiwei Ren,&nbsp;Lianhua Li","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10844-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10844-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the climatic condition in cold regions, freeze–thaw (FT) pretreatment was proposed to enhance the methanogenesis performance of corn stover. The effect of introducing water or alkali into FT pretreatment on anaerobic digestion was investigated. It was found that methane yield improved with the FT transition frequency increasing. Under the condition of 2.5% NaOH and four FT cycles, the NaOH/FT-pretreated sample, with the maximum glucan content (53.29 ± 0.74%) and the minimum lignin content (4.25 ± 0.46%), achieved the highest methane yield of 326.8 ± 9.2 mL/g VS. Meanwhile, the maximum energy conversion efficiency and process energy efficiency were 87.2% and 84.1%, respectively. Methane yield was positively correlated with glucan content and negatively correlated with xylan and lignin content. NaOH/FT pretreatment significantly affected the composition and structure; the combination of chemical modification from NaOH and physical damage from FT enhanced the conversion efficiency of corn stover. Compared to the CK group, the introduction of water and NaOH increased methane yield by 11.9–76.3% and 27.3–96.3%, respectively. However, compared to water, the promoting effect of NaOH on methane production was limited and not economically favorable. Therefore, introducing water into FT pretreatment achieved higher economic benefits. The pretreatment method studied here is efficient and energy-saving, with great potential to improve biomethane yield and economic benefits of other lignocellulosic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of Agricultural Waste into High-Rank Solid Fuel Through Sequential Wet and Dry Torrefaction Processes","authors":"Muhammad Ade Andriansyah Efendi,&nbsp;Toto Hardianto,&nbsp;Pandji Prawisudha,&nbsp;Firman Bagja Juangsa","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10839-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10839-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low calorific value and high risk of ash deposition hinder the use of agricultural biomass waste as furnace fuel. However, torrefaction can upgrade agricultural waste into high-rank solid fuel, making it a viable biomass source. This study develops a multi-process conversion method using sequential wet and dry torrefaction to obtain high-rank solid fuel with high calorific value, low slagging and fouling potential, and efficient process energy. The paper focuses on multi-process conversion, revealing its superior product characteristics compared to single-process torrefaction. The wet torrefaction process (180 °C) was followed by dry torrefaction at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 330 °C (200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, 330 °C). Rice straw multi-process conversion results show increasing a calorific value from 13.76 to 16.58 MJ/kg (330 °C), reduction in slagging and fouling potential from 0.21 (low potency) and 0.92 (medium potency) to 0.013 and 0.48 (both low potency). For palm oil empty fruit bunches, the calorific value increased from 17.21 to 26.89 MJ/kg (330 °C), with a reduction in slagging and fouling potential from 0.435 (low potency) and 74.84 (high potency) to 0.251 and 28.85 (low-medium potency), indicating low-medium potency. The Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI) for the multi-process conversion exceeds 1, utilizing residual energy from other systems. The multi-process conversion has reduced slagging and fouling potential, significantly increased calorific value, and provided a good energy return on energy investment. Therefore, sequential wet and dry torrefaction is recommended to harness the benefits of both processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol Production from Whole Sugarcane Using Solid-State Fermentation","authors":"Janke van Dyk,&nbsp;Johann F. Görgens,&nbsp;Eugéne van Rensburg","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10840-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10840-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional sugarcane-to-ethanol conversion occurs via a series of process steps, inter alia, energy-intensive juice extraction and concentration, followed by fermentation of the extracted juice under submerged (liquid) fermentation conditions. Solid-state fermentation (SStF), occurring in the absence of free water, is a promising alternative approach, potentially offering higher product concentrations, reduced water requirements and liquid effluent from the process, and elimination of the substantial energy requirements of the juice extraction step. While SStF has been applied to various substrates, such as sweet sorghum, there is a lack of studies considering the SStF of sugarcane, which is considered a more challenging substrate. The present study investigated the SStF of whole, milled sugarcane in 3-L horizontal, rotating reactors, to assess the effect of inoculum size, mixing speed, and particle size on ethanol production. The maximum ethanol concentration and yield were 86.7 g/L and 6.15 g/100 g wet mass (90.5% of the theoretical maximum), respectively, achieved at an inoculum size of 5% (w/w), rotation speed of 5 rpm, and particle size range of 8 to 20 mm. The fermentation was scaled up to a 50 L solid-state reactor, applying intermittent mixing to obtain a similar ethanol concentration and yield of 87.5 g/L and 6.61 g/100 g wet mass, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10840-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efforts on Small- and Large-Scale Cultivation of Isochrysis galbana for Enhanced Growth and Lipid Production: A Systematic Review Towards Biorefinery Applications","authors":"Karla Meneses-Montero,&nbsp;Dorian Rojas-Villalta,&nbsp;Cristofer Orozco-Ortiz,&nbsp;Alexis Jerez-Navarro,&nbsp;Olman Gómez-Espinoza","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10837-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10837-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Isochrysis galbana</i> is a subject of study for its potential application across different biorefinery industries, due to its biological and biochemical characteristics. However, the optimization of culture conditions and assessment of current efforts towards the scaling from laboratory to small to large scale are pertinent to be addressed. The review aims to summarize the research related to the culture of <i>I. galbana</i>, focusing on identifying the optimal parameters that improve growth and lipid production. In addition, small- and large-scale cultures and downstream processes are explored. Optimal culture conditions include growth on F/2 or Walne media, use of additives (e.g., fertilizer, iron), 400 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ irradiance, 18:6-h light:dark photoperiod, 30 °C temperature, 30–35 psu salinity, 7.5–8.5 pH, and 1.5% CO₂-enrich airflow. Meanwhile, only a few studies have cultured <i>I. galbana</i> in small- and large-scale systems. Small-scale production results highlight the relevance of parameter optimization, as productivities vary across studies. Moreover, large-scale systems revealed high biomass and lipid productivity. Downstream processing of this microalgal biomass is evaluated, and centrifugation, − 80 °C storage, enzyme inactivation, and Folch extraction methods are the preferred protocols. Overall, the application of novel genetic modification strategies holds promises for enhancing growth and lipid accumulation<i>. Isochrysis galbana</i> represents a relevant species for biorefinery industries; the culture under optimized conditions and suitable systems could greatly enhance its viability. However, forthcoming research in genetically engineered strains and study of the intra-strain variations of this species are required to completely assess its biotechnological potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10837-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic Assessment of Codigestion of Waste Activated Sludge with Food Waste for Enhanced Bioresource Recovery","authors":"Selebogo Khune,&nbsp;Benton Otieno,&nbsp;John Kabuba,&nbsp;George Ochieng,&nbsp;Peter Osifo","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10836-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10836-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The co-digestion of waste-activated sludge (WAS) with food waste (FW) at wastewater treatment plants can produce enough biogas to allow for power generation. The current study evaluates the feasibility of the approach and its applicability to local settings in South Africa. The monodigestion of WAS (monodigestion) and codigestion at 20% (codigestion 1) and 40% (codigestion 2) FW concentrations were investigated employing a pilot-scale solar-heated digester. The findings were upscaled considering a local large-scale wastewater treatment plant (with a capacity of 0.42 million m³/day) and evaluated using techno-economic analysis (TEA). The results show that employing combined heat and power generators to convert the biogas to electricity could result in a profitable outcome, enabling the plant to offset its power requirements. Monodigestion and codigestion 1 can offset 22% and 94% of the plant’s power requirements and save $0.5 and $2 million, respectively. Codigestion 2 can offset 196% of the power requirements resulting in $2.3 million in savings and $2.4 million in sales from the excess power. Alternatively, the excess biogas can be sold as compressed natural gas (CNG) with an annual market value of $4 million. The TEA shows a positive net present value, an internal rate of return value higher than the plant’s discount rate, a profitability index greater than 1, and a payback period of less than a year for all cases. The findings show that the codigestion approach is financially lucrative and may benefit the government, stakeholders, and investors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10836-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}