Applied Sciences-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Advancing Nanoscale Communication: Unveiling the Potential of Terahertz and Molecular Communication","authors":"Pankaj Singh, Sung-Yoon Jung","doi":"10.3390/app131810085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810085","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, advancements in nanotechnology have opened up new frontiers in communication systems, bringing the dream of seamless communication at the nanoscale level closer to reality [...]","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43648349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxin Level in Winter Wheat Grain as Impacted by Nitrogen and Manganese Fertilisation","authors":"A. Stępień, K. Wojtkowiak, B. Cwalina-Ambroziak, A. Waśkiewicz","doi":"10.3390/app131810086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810086","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation was conducted at the Research and Education Centre in Tomaszkowo, Poland (53°72′ N; 20°42′ E) in the years 2013–2016. Fertilisation with nitrogen at 150 and 200 kg ha−1 and foliar application of manganese at 0.5 and 1.5 kg ha−1 were the research factors. Wheat infestation by Fusarium spp. was determined by the habitat conditions during crop growth. Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation affected the presence of Fusarium spp. symptoms on wheat ears, but the infestation intensity decreased with increasing nitrogen and manganese content in the grain. Only the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) was correlated with Fusarium spp. infestation. Increasing the nitrogen fertilisation rate from 150 kg ha−1 to 200 kg ha−1 resulted in higher grain contamination with toxins. Supplementation of nitrogen fertilisation with manganese reduced the number of mycotoxins in wheat grain. The grain yield was mainly affected by the varied weather conditions during the wheat-growing periods. Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation differentiated the wheat grain yield. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the weather conditions and nitrogen and manganese fertilisation on the grain yield, occurrence of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin level in winter wheat grain.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Citrus Greening Based on the Fusion of Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra","authors":"H. Xiao, Yang Liu, Yande Liu, Hui Xiao, Liwei Sun, Yong Hao","doi":"10.3390/app131810082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810082","url":null,"abstract":"A disease, known as citrus greening, is a major threat to the citrus industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rapid detection and improving the identification accuracy of citrus greening with visible and near-infrared spectra under spectral fusion. After we obtained the spectra of the collected citrus leaves and used the polymerase chain reaction for part of them, five types of samples were sorted out: slight, moderate, serious, nutrient deficiency, and normal. This study of spectral fusion was conducted on three levels as spectral data, characteristic, and model decision, and the identification capacity was tested using prediction samples. It was found that the effect of a least squares support vector machine model for feature-level fusion based on principal component analysis presented the best performance, while in the Lin_Kernel function; the accuracy was 100%, penalty coefficient γ was 0.09, and operation time was 0.66 s. It is better than the single spectral discriminant model. The results showed that the fusion of visible and near-infrared spectra was feasible for the nondestructive detection of citrus greening disease. This method is of great significance for the healthy development of the citrus industry, and provides important reference value for the application of spectral fusion in other fields.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41290786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Contaminated Sites: Fate, Risk and Remediation","authors":"E. Pavoni, Beatrice Campanella, A. Acquavita","doi":"10.3390/app131810034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810034","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs, including As, Cd, Hg and Pb) of both anthropogenic and natural origin in the environment represents an issue of global concern, leading to a general decline in environmental quality in both continental and aquatic systems [...]","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Earth’s Central Angle Threshold and Measurement Model Construction Method for Pose and Attitude Solution Based on Aircraft Scene Matching","authors":"Haiqiao Liu, Zichao Gong, Taixin Liu, Jing Dong","doi":"10.3390/app131810051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810051","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenge of solving aircraft’s visual navigation results using scene matching, this paper introduces the spherical EPnP positioning posture-solving method, which incorporates the threshold value for the central angle and the construction of a measurement model. The detailed steps are as follows: Firstly, the positioning coordinate model of the Earth’s surface is constructed to ensure the expression of the three-dimensional coordinates of the Earth’s surface. The positioning is then solved by employing the EPnP positioning posture-solving algorithm on the constructed data model. Secondly, by comparing and analyzing the positioning posture values of approximate plane coordinates, the critical value is determined, which serves as a reference for plane calculations. Lastly, a theoretical measurement model for visual height and central angle is constructed, taking into account the decided central angle threshold value. The simulation experiment demonstrates that using spherical coordinates as input results in an average positioning precision that is 16.42 percent higher compared to using plane coordinates as input. When the central angle is less than 0.5 degrees and the surface area is smaller than 558502 square meters, the positioning precision of plane coordinates is comparable to that of spherical coordinates. In such instances, the sphere can be approximated as flat. The findings of this study provide important theoretical guidance for further research on scene-matching positioning posture solving. These results hold significant implications for both theoretical research and engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Low-Frequency Oscillation Damping Control of Wind Storage System Based on Pareto and Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm","authors":"Yu Song, Shouyuan Wu","doi":"10.3390/app131810054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810054","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the low-frequency oscillation problem of high-proportion wind power and energy storage connected to the power system, this paper establishes a system small signal model according to the matrix similarity theory, which lays a foundation for the research on oscillation characteristics, mechanism analysis, and suppression measures. Combined with the different installation positions of the inverter-side converter and the inverter-side POD (Power Oscillation Damper) controller of the energy storage device, the suppression mechanism and damping oscillation ability of the two on low-frequency oscillation were analyzed. Under multiple optimization objectives, the parameters of the damping controller are optimized by Pareto and improved particle swarm algorithms. Finally, through Matlab/Simulink simulation, the effectiveness of the Pareto and improved particle swarm algorithm in suppressing low-frequency oscillation of the system is verified.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69543915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber","authors":"Mario Núñez-Decap, Bárbara Sandoval-Valderrama, Camila Opazo-Carlsson, Boris Moya-Rojas, Marcela Vidal-Vega, A. Opazo-Vega","doi":"10.3390/app131810032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810032","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the main factors influencing the research of environmentally friendly materials. This is why the use of engineering fibers as a reinforcement technique in wood, in order to increase its mechanical properties, has recently been investigated. This research presents the results obtained from the use of carbon and basalt fiber fabrics as a reinforcement for microlaminated Radiata Pine wood panels at a laboratory scale using the adhesives epoxy resin and polyvinyl acetate. Tests were carried out in comparison to the control boards, relating the physical properties obtained in terms of thickness swelling by 48 h-water immersion with a decrease of 19% for the polyvinyl acetate and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement, about the mechanical properties evaluated, a better performance was obtained for the epoxy resin and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement and in terms of flexural stiffness and strength (in flatwise), tensile strength and Janka hardness, with an increment of 31%, 38%, 56% and 41%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41434673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Performance Analysis of Three Zone-Based Registration Scheme in Wireless Communication Networks","authors":"Hee-Seon Jang, Jang-Hyun Baek","doi":"10.3390/app131810064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810064","url":null,"abstract":"For wireless communication networks, researchers have proposed many schemes to reduce the cost of location registration and paging signals caused by the mobility of user equipment (UE). Among them, a zone-based method that designates one zone (1Z, group of cells) as a registration area (RA) and then performs registration whenever the UE leaves the RA is commonly adopted due to its convenient implementation. However, the performance of 1Z is known to be very poor when the UE frequently crosses the RA’s boundary requesting location updates. Two or three zone-based schemes (2Z or 3Z) have since been recommended to overcome these limitations. In our previous work, we analyzed the performances of 1Z, 2Z, and 3Z systems while assuming a square-shaped zone. However, there is no reason why the shape of the zone is limited to a square. This paper analyzes the performance of 3Z while assuming a hexagonal-shaped rather than a square-shaped zone. Using a semi-Markov process theory, registration and paging costs are evaluated after defining states in 3Z operations and calculating the transition probability between states. Based on various realistic parameters, the numerical results showed that the 3Z outperformed 1Z and 2Z for most call-to-mobility ratio (CMR) values. The performance of 3Z was improved more when the registration cost decreased if the probability of returning to the previously registered zone increased or the time staying in the zone decreased. The 3Z system is easy to implement with simple software modifications. It can be dynamically applied as an efficient mobility management method in the future for various devices that will emerge in the 5G/6G environment.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Indoor Positioning Model Based on UWB/IMU Tight Combination with Double-Loop Cumulative Error Estimation","authors":"Wenjie Zhu, R. Zhao, Hao Zhang, Jianfeng Lu, Zhishu Zhang, Bingyu Wei, Yuhang Fan","doi":"10.3390/app131810046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810046","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing applications of UWB indoor positioning technologies in industrial areas, to further enhance the positioning precision, the UWB/IMU combination method (UICM) has been considered as one of the most effective solutions to reduce non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. However, most conversional UICMs suffer from a high probability of positioning failure due to uncontrollable and cumulative errors from inertial measuring units (IMU). Hence, to address this issue, we improved the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm of an indoor positioning model based on UWB/IMU tight combination with a double-loop error self-correction. Compared with conventional UICMs, this improved model consists of new modules for fixing time desynchronization, optimizing the threshold setting for UWB ranging, data fusion in NLOS, and double-loop error estimation, sequentially. Further, systematic error controllability analysis proved that the proposed model could satisfy the controllability of UWB indoor positioning systems. To validate this improved UICM, inevitable obstacles and atmospheric interferences were regarded as Gaussian white noises to verify its environmental adaptability. Finally, the experimental results showed that this proposed model outperformed the state-of-the-art UWB-based positioning models with a maximum deviation of 0.232 m (reduced by 83.93% compared to a pure UWB model and 43.14% compared to the conventional UWB/IMU model) and standard deviation of 0.09981 m (reduced by 88.35% compared to a pure UWB model and 22.21% compared to the conventional UWB-IMU model).","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42232495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of the Performance of Scattering Suppression and Absorbing Structure Depth Estimation on Transillumination Image by Deep Learning","authors":"Ngoc An Dang Nguyen, Hoang Nhut Huynh, Trung Nghia Tran","doi":"10.3390/app131810047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810047","url":null,"abstract":"The development of optical sensors, especially with regard to the improved resolution of cameras, has made optical techniques more applicable in medicine and live animal research. Research efforts focus on image signal acquisition, scattering de-blur for acquired images, and the development of image reconstruction algorithms. Rapidly evolving artificial intelligence has enabled the development of techniques for de-blurring and estimating the depth of light-absorbing structures in biological tissues. Although the feasibility of applying deep learning to overcome these problems has been demonstrated in previous studies, limitations still exist in terms of de-blurring capabilities on complex structures and the heterogeneity of turbid medium, as well as the limit of accurate estimation of the depth of absorptive structures in biological tissues (shallower than 15.0 mm). These problems are related to the absorption structure’s complexity, the biological tissue’s heterogeneity, the training data, and the neural network model itself. This study thoroughly explores how to generate training and testing datasets on different deep learning models to find the model with the best performance. The results of the de-blurred image show that the Attention Res-UNet model has the best de-blurring ability, with a correlation of more than 89% between the de-blurred image and the original structure image. This result comes from adding the Attention gate and the Residual block to the common U-net model structure. The results of the depth estimation show that the DenseNet169 model shows the ability to estimate depth with high accuracy beyond the limit of 20.0 mm. The results of this study once again confirm the feasibility of applying deep learning in transmission image processing to reconstruct clear images and obtain information on the absorbing structure inside biological tissue. This allows the development of subsequent transillumination imaging studies in biological tissues with greater heterogeneity and structural complexity.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}