Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of long COVID over two years in hospitalised and non-hospitalised survivors in Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Farzana Afroze, Shohael Mahmud Arafat, Chowdhury Meshkat Ahmed, Baharul Alam, Sayera Banu, Md Zahidul Islam, Mustafa Mahfuz, Firdausi Qadri, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Irin Parvin, Mst Mahmuda Ackhter, Farhana Islam, Monjeline Sultana, Eva Sultana, Mohammad Ferdous Ur Rahaman, Abed Hussain Khan, Md Nazmul Hasan, Shahriar Ahmed, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Tahmeed Ahmed","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04075","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In developing settings, comparative data on COVID hospitalised survivors (HS) and non-hospitalised survivors (NHS) is scarce. We determined burdens, incidence, evolution, and associated factors of long COVID-19 over two years among these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and recruited confirmed COVID-19 survivors from December 2020 to May 2021 (previously reported). 346 survivors underwent in-person follow-ups at five, nine, 18 months and two years post-infection. The assessment included long COVID symptoms, cardiorespiratory function, neuropsychiatric conditions, quality of life, and laboratory tests. The outcomes included one or more symptoms and/or signs indicative of long COVID, aligning closely with the World Health Organization definition of post-COVID-19 condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 346 participants, we included 326 in the analysis. 78% of HS (n/N = 171/219) and 62% of NHS (n/N = 55/89) reported at least one sequela symptom. HS had higher odds of palpitations, headaches, dizziness, sleeping difficulties, brain fog, muscle weakness, joint pain, hypertension, insulin requirement, poor quality of life, and prolonged corrected QT intervals on electrocardiogram compared to NHS at two years (95% confidence interval (CI)>1). Regarding evolution, sequelae-symptoms, neurological outcomes, restrictive spirometry findings, and electrocardiogram abnormalities remained unchanged, although psychiatric sequelae, quality of life, and exercise capacity improved in both groups. Hospital readmission rates significantly increased (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of palpitations, cough, and hypertension were higher in HS compared to NHS (95% CI>1). Two or more vaccine doses decreased the risk of respiratory (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63-0.91) and psychiatric sequelae (aRR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.66-0.92) than one or no doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 survivors, particularly HS, experienced a higher burden of persistent symptoms and health issues two years after infection. However, vaccination significantly reduced the risk of respiratory and psychiatric outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing vaccination programs and the need for targeted rehabilitation services in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and economic predictors of under-five stunting in Mexico: a comprehensive approach through the XGB model.","authors":"Brian Fogarty, Angélica García-Martínez, Nitesh V Chawla, Edson Serván-Mori","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04065","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The multifaceted issue of childhood stunting in low- and middle-income countries has a profound and enduring impact on children's well-being, cognitive development, and future earning potential. Childhood stunting arises from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. It requires a comprehensive approach across nutrition, education, healthcare, and poverty reduction sectors to mitigate its prevalence and short- and long-term effects. The Mexican case presents a distinct challenge, as the country has experienced the recent dissolution of social health security programmes, rising poverty rates, and reduced government expenditures for childhood well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a machine learning approach to understand the contribution of social and economic determinants to childhood stunting risk in Mexico. Using data from the 2006-2018 population-based Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys, six different machine learning classification algorithms were used to model and identify the most important predictors of childhood stunting.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among the six classification algorithms tested, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) obtained the highest Youden Index value, effectively balancing the correct classification of children with and without stunting. In the XGB model, the most important predictor for classifying childhood stunting is the household's socioeconomic status, followed by the state of residence, the child's age, indigenous population status, the household's portion of children under five years old, and the local area's deprivation level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper contributes to understanding the structural determinants of stunting in children, emphasising the importance of implementing tailored interventions and policies, especially given our findings that highlight indigenous status and local deprivation as key predictors. In the context of diminishing health initiatives, this underscores the urgent need for specific, targeted, and sustainable actions to prevent and address a potential rise in stunting in similar settings.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>social and economic deprivation, stunting, children, machine learning, XGB model, Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to fracture service availability and readiness provided by allopathic and traditional health providers: national surveys across The Gambia and Zimbabwe.","authors":"Anya Burton, Tadios Manyanga, Hannah Wilson, Landing Jarjou, Matthew L Costa, Simon Graham, James Masters, Momodou K Jallow, Samuel Hawley, Momodou T Nyassi, Prudance Mushayavanhu, Munyaradzi Ndekwere, Rashida A Ferrand, Kate A Ward, Kebba S Marenah, Celia L Gregson","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04082","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Populations in Africa are ageing, hence the number of age-related fragility fractures, including hip fractures, is rising. Hip fractures are an indicator condition for older adult health provision, as they require a multifaceted pathway of care. To enable health service planning, detailed national-level understanding of current fracture service provision is needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The WHO Service Availability & Readiness Assessment survey was modified to evaluate fracture service availability, and readiness. All health care facilities to which a patient with a hip fracture could present in The Gambia and Zimbabwe were invited to participate between October 2021 and January 2023. A further traditional bone-setter (TBS)-specific survey assessed TBS care in The Gambia. Availability of services per 100 000 adults ≥ 18 years, and general, fracture-specific, and hip fracture-specific care readiness were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All invited facilities in Zimbabwe (n = 186), 98% in The Gambia (n = 150), and 35 of 42 (83%) TBS participated in the survey. General availability of hospital facilities was low in both Zimbabwe and The Gambia and many facilities lacked regular electricity, reliable oxygen supplies, and sharp/infectious waste disposal. In The Gambia, 78.6% public hospitals and 53.8% other facility types (e.g. NGO/mission) had no doctors. Fracture care readiness: < 1 orthopaedic surgeon was available for 100 000 adults in both countries. Orthopaedic trained nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists were few. Only 10 (6.7%) facilities in The Gambia and 56 (30.1%) in Zimbabwe had functioning X-ray facilities. Equipment for fracture immobilisation was widely unavailable. No public facility had a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner; antiresorptive treatment access was limited to < 5% facilities. Hip fracture readiness: only four facilities in The Gambia and 17 in Zimbabwe could offer surgery. Inpatient delays for surgery were long, especially in Zimbabwe. Non-operative management was common in Zimbabwe and in those visiting TBS in The Gambia. Over half TBS (51.4%) reported being able to set a hip fracture, management included traditional medicines (57.1%), splinting (20.0%), manipulation (14.3%) and traction (5.7%). Only 14.3% TBS referred hip fractures to hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight multiple important modifiable gaps in care which warrant urgent focus, with recommendations made, given expected increases in fragility fractures and need for universal health coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence and role of polygenic risk score in the development of 32 complex diseases.","authors":"Yuxin Liu, Wenyan Hou, Tongyu Gao, Yu Yan, Ting Wang, Chu Zheng, Ping Zeng","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04071","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The polygenic risk score (PRS) has been perceived as advantageous in predicting the risk of complex diseases compared to other measures. We aimed to systematically evaluate the influence of PRS on disease outcome and to explore its predictive value.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We comprehensively assessed the relationship between PRS and 32 complex diseases in the UK Biobank. We used Cox models to estimate the effects of PRS on the incidence risk. Then, we constructed prediction models to assess the clinical utility of PRS in risk prediction. For 16 diseases, we further compared the disease risk and prediction capability of PRS across early and late-onset cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PRS led to greater incident risk, with hazard ratio (HR) ranging from 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.08) for panic/anxiety disorder to 4.17 (95% CI = 4.03-4.31) for acute pancreatitis. This effect was more pronounced in early-onset cases for 12 diseases, increasing by 52.8% on average. Particularly, the early-onset risk of heart failure associated with PRS (HR = 3.02; 95% CI = 2.53-3.59) was roughly twice compared to the late-onset risk (HR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.46-1.51). Compared to average PRS (20-80%), individuals positioned within the top 2.5% of the PRS distribution exhibited varying degrees of elevated risk, corresponding to a more than five times greater risk on average. PRS showed additional value in clinical risk prediction, causing an average improvement of 6.1% in prediction accuracy. Further, PRS demonstrated higher predictive accuracy for early-onset cases of 11 diseases, with heart failure displaying the most significant (37.5%) improvement when incorporating PRS into the prediction model (concordance index (C-index) = 0.546; standard error (SE) = 0.011 vs. C-index = 0.751; SE = 0.010, P = 2.47 × 10^-12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a valuable complement to traditional clinical risk tools, PRS is closely related to disease risk and can further enhance prediction accuracy, especially for early-onset cases, underscoring its potential role in targeted prevention for high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958-2024).","authors":"Vivekanand Jadhav, Arundhuti Paul, Vivek Trivedi, Ritu Bhatnagar, Rahul Bhalsinge, Savita V Jadhav","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04061","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPOXV), was first identified in 1958 and remained largely confined to Central and West Africa for decades. While it usually exhibited limited international transmission, recent outbreaks, including in the USA in 2003 and globally in 2024, highlight significant epidemiological shifts. We aimed to systematically evaluate the evolution of Mpox from 1958 to 2024, focussing on its epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review using data from global health reports, surveillance databases, and published literature. The analysis covered key outbreaks, transmission patterns, geographic distribution, public health responses, and the roles of viral mutations and vaccination in disease management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2022 Mpox outbreak, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), was characterised by an unprecedented international spread of the virus. By July 2024, a total of 102 997 confirmed cases and 223 deaths were reported across 121 countries. Two distinct viral clades were identified: Central African (clade I) and West African (clade II), with the latter being the primary agent of global transmission. Research on Mpox has highlighted the protective effects of smallpox vaccination and emerging risk factors such as human-animal interactions and international travel.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mpox has evolved from a regionally contained zoonotic disease to a global public health challenge. Enhanced surveillance, international collaboration, and targeted interventions in non-endemic regions are critical for mitigating future outbreaks and managing ongoing epidemiological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care cascades of diabetes and hypertension among late adolescents in India.","authors":"Bijaya Kumar Malik, Amit Kumar Goyal, Suraj Maiti, Sanjay K Mohanty","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04101","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes and hypertension are the most prevalent morbidities in India and are quickly becoming common among the younger age groups. Adolescents aged 10-19 years, accounting for one-fifth of the country's population, are at an increasing risk of developing these conditions. We aim to examine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control (ATC) of diabetes and hypertension among late adolescents (15-19 years) in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used microdata of 204 346 late adolescents from India's fifth round of the National Family and Health Survey, 2019-21. We defined hypertensive adolescents as those diagnosed with hypertension or those with a systolic blood pressure (BP) measurement of ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic BP measurements of levels ≥80 mm Hg, or those who used medication to lower BP at the time of the survey. Diabetic adolescents were those diagnosed as such by health professionals, those with glucose levels above 140 mg/dL, or those taking any medication to control high blood glucose levels at the time of the survey. We estimated the age-sex-adjusted prevalence of both conditions and their ATC rates, referred to as cascade care. We used the Erreygers' Concentration Index to examine the socioeconomic inequality in cascade care. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the average marginal effects while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 204 346 late adolescents, 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 27.6, 28.2) had either of the two conditions, with 3.5% (95% CI = 3.4, 3.6) being diabetic and 24.3% (95% CI = 24.0, 24.6) having hypertension. The ATC rate of diabetes was 13.5% (95% CI = 12.4, 14.7), 13.1% (95% CI = 11.9, 14.2), and 12.1% (95% CI = 11.0, 13.3), respectively. For hypertension, the ATC rate was extremely low at 6.2% (95% CI = 5.8, 6.5), 3.5% (95% CI = 3.3, 3.7), and 3.3% (95% CI = 3.1, 3.5), respectively. There was a pro-rich socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension and a pro-poor inequality in the prevalence of diabetes among late adolescents. We observed significant variations in both conditions across the regions of India.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high prevalence and low care cascade levels of diabetes and hypertension among late adolescents in India are concerning. A multipronged strategy that includes screening, diagnosis, and timely interventions at school and home can reduce the burden of hypertension and diabetes among the prospective workforce in India. Sensitising adolescents through school curricula under the New Education Policy (2020) is recommended to reduce the burden of these conditions. We also recommend that longitudinal and intervention studies focussed on this age group be undertaken in the future to help reduce the disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal health coverage in Cambodia: current status and future prospects.","authors":"Virak Sorn","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.03016","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.03016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite improvements in health indices over the past decades, Cambodia faces significant challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC). With an effective UHC score of 58 in 2021 - lower than regional neighbours - the country struggles with disparities in health care access, urban-rural inequalities, and rising non-communicable diseases. The health care system continues to be heavily privatised, with out-of-pocket charges accounting for 55% of overall health expenditures in 2021. Although they have increased financial protection, government programs like the National Social Security Fund and Health Equity Funds are still insufficient. Strengthening public health care, decentralising governance, adopting digital health solutions, and establishing a Public Health Commission are crucial steps toward an equitable and effective UHC by 2035.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"03016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of intensive health education on influenza vaccination and acute exacerbations in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a real-world study.","authors":"Cong Liu, Qing Song, Ling Lin, Tao Li, Ping Zhang, Yuqin Zeng, Yating Peng, Yan Chen, Shan Cai, Ping Chen","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04047","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The influenza vaccination rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in China was very low. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of clinician-led intensive health education on influenza vaccination in outpatients with COPD and the effect of influenza vaccination on the risk of acute exacerbations in the real world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were from the Real World Research of Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD study, a real-world prospective cohort study. COPD patients were included from December 2016 to April 2023 and followed up for one year. In January 2022, clinicians began strengthening health education for outpatients with COPD. We identified patients visiting the clinic from January 2022 to April 2023 as the intensive health education group and those visiting from December 2016 to December 2021 as the control group. We analysed factors associated with influenza vaccination and the effect of influenza vaccine on acute exacerbations by multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7834 patients were included. Compared with the control group, the intensive health education group had a higher rate of influenza vaccination (1.6% vs. 12.2%, P < 0.01). Smoking cessation, high school education or above, influenza vaccination in the past year and intensive health education were independently associated with influenza vaccination. Influenza vaccination reduced the incidence of future acute exacerbations (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33-0.68, P < 0.01), frequent acute exacerbations (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.27-0.82, P = 0.01), and severe acute exacerbation (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.23-0.63, P < 0.01) in COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of future acute exacerbations in patients with COPD. Clinician-led intensive health education can improve the influenza vaccination of outpatients with COPD, and clinicians and policymakers should pay attention to and apply this method.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and challenges of cervical cancer screening since the implementation of the 'two cancer' screening programme in China: findings from Shangyu, Zhejiang in 2019-23.","authors":"Yinfang Wu, Jianqiao Luo, Danping Ye, Shujun Gao","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04064","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04064","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. The World Health Organization has long targeted its elimination and stressed the need for enhanced screening coverage and improved treatment rates. The Chinese government initiated the 'two cancer' screening programme for cervical and breast cancer in 2009 for women aged 35-64 years, which Shangyu fully implemented in 2017. We evaluated the programme's progress in Shangyu using data from 2019-23, aiming to suggest feasible improvements and provide general recommendations for regions facing similar challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used data collected and shared by the Shaoxing Shangyu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2019 to 2023. The study sample included 59 201 unemployed women aged 35-64 residing in Shangyu, Shaoxing with no previous cervical cancer histories. Following international guidance, we sent their cervical samples for HPV genotyping and liquid cytology testing and asked them to receive colposcopy as needed for eventual diagnosis, which was subsequently categorised into normal, low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1), high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and adenocarcinoma (AA). We used logistic regressions to investigate potential associations between participants' demographic characteristics, risks of HPV positivity, and eventual diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevalence of HPV was 11.65% between 2019 and 2023. The three most common subtypes were HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-59. Among those who tested positive and received colposcopy, 97.05% had a normal diagnosis, 1.68% had CIN 1, 0.64% had CIN 2-3, 5.74‱ had SCC, 0.68‱ had AIS, and 0.51‱ had AA. Participants aged 50-54 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.38), 60-64 years (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.13-1.57), and those who took birth control pills alone (aOR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.24-4.46) were associated with an increased likelihood of being tested HPV-positive. Older ages, specifically 55-59 years (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.29-0.96) and 60-64 years (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.25-0.85), were associated with a decreased likelihood of developing CIN 2-3. Contraceptive use of intrauterine devices alone was associated with an increased likelihood of developing CIN 2-3 (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.00-1.99). Being in menopause was associated with a decreased likelihood of developing SCC (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.06-0.65).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;As the pilot city of the 'two cancer' screening programme, Shangyu saw a gradual yearly increase in cervical cancer screening coverage. However, lack of awareness, reluctance to receive screening and later colposcopy, and underutilisation of screening alternatives undermined further progress. Future medical services and policies should prioritise health education and target neglected groups i","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Akter E, Hossain AT, Ahamed B, Rahman MH, Hossain AKMT, Barua U, Islam MS, Manna RM, Hossain MA, Ara T, Usmani NG, Chandra P, Ameen S, Jabeen S, Ahmed A, Rahman TZ, Hassan MMU, Islam A, Barr BT, Rahman QS, Arifeen SE, Rahman AE. Excess mortality during COVID-19 and prediction of mortality in Bangladesh: an analysis based on death records in urban graveyards. J Glob Health. 2025;15:04050.","authors":"","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.1504050err1","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.1504050err1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504050err1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}