Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution and impacts of environment on scrub typhus in northern China, 2006-2019.","authors":"Ting Li, Xianjun Wang, Yamei Wang, Chenxin Gu, Liping Yang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04202","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scrub typhus is a significant public health issue with a global distribution. In northern China, Shandong Province is a major endemic area, but its spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected data on scrub typhus in Shandong Province from the Infectious Disease Reporting System of the Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention between 2006 and 2019. Spatiotemporal evolution analysis combined joinpoint regression, spatiotemporal cluster analysis and standard deviation ellipse. GeoDetector was used to identify the impacts of socioeconomic and natural factors on spatial distribution of scrub typhus. Generalised additive model was applied to explore associations with meteorological variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>9397 scrub typhus cases were reported in Shandong Province from 2006 to 2019, with an average annual incidence of 0.68 / 100 000, peaking in 2014 (1.53 / 100 000). Cases were concentrated from September to November. Spatiotemporal cluster was mainly in Linyi and Rizhao cities in southern Shandong. The centre of gravity of scrub typhus gradually shifted southeast, and moved back from 2015 to 2019. Nighttime light (q = 0.223), normalised difference vegetation index (q = 0.197), relief degree of land surface (q = 0.230), grassland (q = 0.320), and water (q = 0.180) were all related with scrub typhus, with q indicating the explanatory power of each factor on the spatial distribution of the disease. The strongest relative risks between monthly incidence of scrub typhus and temperature, humidity, precipitation and humidex were 1.528 (lag3), 1.175 (lag3), 1.013 (lag1), and 1.279 (lag3), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scrub typhus in Shandong Province was mainly concentrated in Linyi and Rizhao cities. The occurrence of scrub typhus is influenced by various environmental factors. Humidex is a better composite indicator to reflect the impacts of meteorological factors on scrub typhus in northern China. These findings provide scientific evidence to guide prevention and control strategies for scrub typhus. Limitations include potential underreporting in surveillance data and the absence of vector and host information.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the complex relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and coronavirus disease 2019: genetic insights and potential protective mechanisms.","authors":"Xiaoli Xu, An-Tian Chen, Yantao Ding, Tingting Zhu, Luyao Xia, Jingkai Xu, Liyue Sun, Lu Liu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04191","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been reported to share common gene loci, but the causal relationship between them remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis to assess the genetic correlations between SLE and the two traits (infection and severity) of COVID-19 in European populations. Mendelian randomisation analysis was then performed to explore the causal effect of SLE on susceptibility to these traits in both European and East Asian data sets. Lastly, enrichment analysis and Protein-Protein Interactions analysis were used to identify key pathways and genes involved, providing insights into the possible mechanism underlying the complex relationship between SLE and COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant genetic correlation was observed between SLE and COVID-19 severity (genetic correlation (rg) = 0.340, P = 0.001). However, no significant genetic correlation was found with COVID-19 infection. Mendelian randomisation analysis revealed a negative causal effect of SLE on both COVID-19 infection (odds ratio (OR) = 0.986; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.975-0.997, P = 0.009) and severity (OR = 0.955; 95% CI = 0.921-0.990, P = 0.012) in European populations, with similar findings replicated in East Asians. Notably, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor were identified as hub cytokines connecting SLE to COVID-19 infection, while IL-6 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were pivotal in connecting SLE to COVID-19 severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals a potentially protective effect of SLE against COVID-19 infection and severity, with IL-6, tumour necrosis factor, and IL-10 playing key roles. Despite immunosuppressant use, SLE patients showed no increased risk of severe outcomes, likely due to their heightened caution in avoiding infection. These findings challenge common assumptions and highlight the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of children aged 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia managed on an outpatient basis in selected primary health facilities in Zambia.","authors":"Choolwe Jacobs, Chipo Nkwemu, Bryan Bakele Ngambi, Vichael Silavwe, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Yasir Bin Nisar","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04089","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zambia has a high burden of child pneumonia, with approximately 6000 children under five dying annually from this condition. We aimed to gather evidence about the outcomes two weeks after enrolment for children 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia who were managed in primary health care facilities in Zambia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective cohort study conducted between October 2022 and April 2024 in eight primary health care facilities from Lusaka, Chibombo, and Chongwe districts. Children aged 2-59 months with cough and/or breathing difficulty and lower chest indrawing were enrolled, treated on an outpatient basis according to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol, and followed up on day 15 after enrolment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 335 children in the study (median age of 17 months, 56.4% female). Among them, 63% were aged 12-59 months, 23.6% had a height-for-age z-score of<-3.0, and 10.5% had a weight-for-age z-score of<-3.0. By day 15, 314 children had follow-up data, all of whom survived. Of these, 77.1% were cured, 22.9% were reported as being 'clinically better', and none failed therapy. Most children were treated with oral amoxicillin (84.1%), with a cure rate of 82.2%. Children treated with cotrimoxazole (60% cure rate) and erythromycin (26.7% cure rate) had lower success rates. A higher proportion of girls (81.4%) were cured compared to boys (71.5%), and children who were fully vaccinated (79.6%) had a higher cure rate than those who were partially or not vaccinated (48.0%). Children of educated parents had higher cure rates than those of uneducated parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with chest indrawing pneumonia were successfully treated with oral amoxicillin in an outpatient setting, improving access to treatment and reducing costs for both health care systems and families. This approach also helps reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. It is essential that health care providers in primary health facilities are trained to use IMCI protocols when managing children under five.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting stakeholder-led research priorities for advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Bangladesh using CHNRI method: an icddr,b initiative.","authors":"Abu Sayeed, Nondo Saha, Shafiqul Ameen, Ema Akter, Lubna Hossain, Md Mehedi Hasan, Fariya Rahman, Sahar Raza, Saraban Tahura Ether, Sabit Saad Shafiq, Hassan Rushekh Mahmood, Ashfia Saberin, Sabina Ashrafee, Husam Md Shah Alam, Palash Kumar Saha, Sabbir Haider, Supriya Sarkar, Mustufa Mahmud, Md Jahurul Islam, Shumona Sharmin Salam, Quamrun Nahar, Shams El Arifeen, Anisuddin Ahmed, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04186","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are essential for individuals' health, well-being, survival, and economic development. A stakeholder-led approach to research prioritisation was essential to guide SRHR-related research in Bangladesh. Accordingly, we conducted a research prioritisation exercise to identify health research priorities related to SRHR in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adopted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method for this study. Five themes - adolescent Health (AH), fertility, gynaecological issues (GI), maternal and neonatal health (MNH), and SRH of key populations (SRHKP) - were selected from the broader field of SRHR. Seventy-six experts submitted 454 research questions (RQs), which were then condensed into 197 unique RQs and distributed to all experts for scoring based on five pre-selected criteria. Weighted and unweighted research priority scores (RPS) and average expert agreement (AEA) were calculated to compile a list of top-ranked RQs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted RPSs for the 197 RQs ranged from 0.944 to 0.623, with a median of 0.848. Among the top 20 list, six RQs belonged to AH, one to Fertility, two to GI, six to MNH, and five to SRHKP. For AH, top ranked RQs included adolescent pregnancy, sexual health education, and mental health. Promoting proper birth spacing among newlywed and underaged married women were top RQs for fertility. GI priorities emphasised early detection of gynaecological cancers, including HPV testing for cervical cancer screening. The MNH research focused on Newborn Stabilizing Units at sub-district hospitals, PPH bundle approaches, and counselling on danger signs to prevent adverse birth outcomes. The top-ranked RQs in SRHKP addressed stigma and discrimination towards key populations (KPs) and their impact on SRH behaviours. There was significant overlap between the top 20 RQs ranked by RPS and AEA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study emphasises the need for intervention research to address barriers, assess effectiveness, and enhance the uptake of evidence-based and innovative interventions for SRHR in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression among married female adolescents in Bangladesh: the toll of marriage, pregnancy, and violence.","authors":"Md Mahabubur Rahman, Md Tazvir Amin, M Moinuddin Haider, Shusmita Hossain Khan, Sumaiya Nusrat, Quamrun Nahar, Mizanur Rahman, Kanta Jamil","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04033","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a critical psychiatric condition that is spreading faster among adolescents than adults around the globe. In low and middle-income countries, married female adolescents are more vulnerable to MDD than unmarried female adolescents. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of MDD among currently married female adolescents (CMFAs) in Bangladesh and determine its association with sociodemographic factors, factors related to marriage and childbearing, and social safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Well-being Survey (BAHWS) 2019-20, the first national-level survey conducted on adolescents ages 15-19 in Bangladesh. The BAHWS 2019-20 included a total of 2408 CMFAs aged 15-19 years and collected depression data using the modified Indian Bangla version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which is specific to adolescents. We used multivariable logistic regression and Poisson regression with robust variance to examine the factors associated with MDD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated prevalence of MDD among CMFAs aged 15-19 years is 14.6%. The odds of MDD did not vary by age, education, wealth, residence type, or region. The CMFAs who felt connected with their husband and mother-in-law were 31% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53-0.91) and 34% (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47-0.92) less likely to have MDD than the rest, respectively. The odds of MDD were almost 2-fold (aOR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.24-2.52) among pregnant CMFAs than their non-pregnant counterparts. We found significantly higher odds of MDD among CMFAs who experienced physical violence from their husbands (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.31-2.85) or others (aOR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.15-3.71), any form of sexual harassment (aOR = 2.25-95% CI = 1.49-3.42), and cyberbullying (aOR = 3.73; 95% CI = 2.01-6.93) than those who did not experience such adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed a high prevalence of MDD among CMFAs, without clustering in any specific sociodemographic group. It is associated with not feeling connected with husband and mother-in-law, having a health condition (pregnancy), and experiencing physical, sexual, and cyber abuse. Findings suggest integrating mental health programs in maternity care and preventing violence against women may help prevent and manage MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in metabolic adaptations during mid and late pregnancy: a comparative cohort study between Rwanda and Germany.","authors":"Alemayehu Amberbir, Madeleine Ordnung, Sage Marie Consolatrice Ishimwe, Ronald Biemann, Mandy Vogel, Wieland Kiess, Antje Körner, Balkachew Nigatu, Darius Bazimya, Theogene Uwizeyimana, Jean Baptiste Niyibizi, Daniel Seifu, Abebe Bekele, Jon Genuneit","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04206","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While cross-ancestral differences in glucose and lipid metabolism are widely reported in adults, there is a paucity of data on pregnant women during various stages of pregnancy. There is no consensus on what defines normal lipid ranges during pregnancy. Establishing reference ranges is crucial to reduce the risk of missing associated maternal and fetal health issues. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profiles of healthy pregnant women and to establish national Rwandan reference ranges for these metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derived the data from two ongoing longitudinal cohort studies conducted in predominantly rural Rwanda and urban Germany (Leipzig), providing repeat data from the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. We measured concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG), and estimated their associations with trimesters and cohorts using multivariable linear regression. We estimated the reference ranges using the 5th and 95th percentiles for each metabolic marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For Rwanda and Leipzig, lipids and lipoproteins increased across trimesters, except for HDL, which remained equally low for Rwanda and significantly decreased for Leipzig. Concentrations of TC, low-density lipoprotein, and non-HDL were significantly higher in Leipzig compared to Rwanda for both trimesters, while HDL was significantly lower in Rwanda. Rwanda exhibited significantly higher TG levels in the second trimester than Leipzig, although this difference did not persist into the third trimester. Glucose concentrations were significantly higher in Rwanda than in Leipzig for both trimesters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first representative study investigating lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in pregnant women from Rwanda and comparing them to a European sample. This study shows that lipid, lipoprotein, and glucose concentrations differ by ancestry and stage of pregnancy. The higher TG and glucose concentrations in Rwanda may indicate an emerging burden of metabolic disorders in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited access to clean water and sanitation in Mopeia, Mozambique: a description in the context of a cholera outbreak.","authors":"Ekhiñe Oroz Torrea, Saimado Imputiua, Nika Gorski, Eldo Elobolobo, Joanna Furnival-Adams, Edgar Jamisse, Patricia Nicolas, Julia Montaña, Vegovito Vegove, Humberto Munguambe, Paula Ruiz-Castillo, Hansel Mundaca, Matthew Rudd, Regina Rabinovich, Francisco Saute, Charfudin Sacoor, Carlos Chaccour","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04197","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) accounts for a high burden of morbidity and mortality in impoverished regions. This is significantly due to infectious diseases and the direct impact on social and economic well-being. The high burden of communicable diseases and malnutrition in Mozambique, as well as high vulnerability to climate change, results in increased risk of WASH-related diseases. Our objective was to describe access to safe water and sanitation practices in Mopeia, a remote rural district in Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The source of data for this analysis is a cross-sectional, demographic survey carried out in Mopeia in 2021 under the Broad One Health Endectocide-based Malaria Intervention in Africa project, a cluster-randomised trial to assess the impact of ivermectin on malaria transmission. The survey was conducted in all households of a sub-population created for the trial, and it included questions about WASH-related practices at the household level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that  4200 (56.29%) households have an improved water source at walking distance, which is drastically different to sanitation practices, where 6608 (88.56%) households do not have access to at least one basic sanitation service. Data on water access for Mopeia was similar to that reported in rural contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, yet the district remains off-track from achieving universal safe water coverage in the next few years. Regarding sanitation, the use of unsafe sanitation services is more widespread than in the average rural sub-Saharan Africa (75.00%), with twice as many households (n = 3897, 56.08%) practising open land defecation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mopeia is still far from achieving universal safe water and sanitation coverage by 2030, especially in sanitation, and remains prone to outbreaks and has a high burden of WASH-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors with potentially inappropriate prescribing among older outpatients with depression: a multicentre study across China.","authors":"Fangyuan Tian, Zhaoyan Chen, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04216","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older outpatients with depression are at high risk for potentially inappropriate prescription (PIP). This investigation sought to determine the frequency and associated factors of PIP within Chinese older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used prescription data from older outpatients with depression from 90 hospitals in seven cities in China from January-December 2021. Risk factor identification for PIP employed multivariate logistic regression analysis. Trend assessment was performed through joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percent change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of PIP reached 50.42%. The top five PIM were alprazolam, clonazepam, olanzapine, lorazepam, estazolam. The prevalence of PIP decreased from 51.56 to 50.99% (average annual percent change = -0.335%). Logistic regression demonstrated that tertiary-level hospital (odds ratio (OR) = 1.215; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.100, 1.342, P < 0.001), department of psychiatry (OR = 1.958; 95% CI = 1.855, 2.067, P < 0.001), age ≥80 (OR = 1.069; 95% CI = 1.016, 1.124, P = 0.01), more diseases (OR = 1.209; 95% CI = 1.092, 1.339, P < 0.001), polypharmacy (OR = 1.672; 95% CI = 1.541, 1.814, P < 0.001) exhibited positive links to PIP among older outpatients suffering from depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This investigation revealed that the occurrence of PIP in older outpatients with depression is high in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent and young adult mortality in Bangladesh: findings from household surveys.","authors":"Ema Akter, Bibek Ahamed, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Pradip Chandra, Nasimul Ghani Usmani, Ridwana Maher Manna, Md Hafizur Rahman, Tasnu Ara, Md Shahidul Islam, Md Alamgir Hossain, S M Hasibul Islam, Mohammad Sohel Shomik, Anindita Saha, Md Akib Al-Zubayer, Abu Sayeed, Lubna Hossain, Toufiq Hassan Shawon, Shabnam Mostari, Qazi Sadeq-Ur Rahman, Shafiqul Ameen, Sabrina Jabeen, Anisuddin Ahmed, Shams El Arifeen, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Aniqa Tasnim Hossain","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04193","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2021, over 1.5 million adolescents (aged 10-19 years) and young adults (aged 20-24 years) died globally, approximately 4500 deaths daily. However, research on causes and factors influencing deaths among adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh is limited. We aimed to address this gap by identifying the leading causes of mortality and the factors affecting adolescent and young adult deaths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two cross-sectional, population-based surveys in urban Dhaka (December 2022) and rural Sitakunda (May 2023), covering 53 680 households and 250 249 individuals, with 72 530 aged 10-24 years. Between 2018-22, 163 deaths in this age group were recorded. We conducted verbal autopsies using the World Health Organization tool and assigned causes of death using the InSilicoVA algorithm. With descriptive statistics, we reported cause-specific mortality and utilised Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations with background characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Road traffic accidents were the primary cause of death, accounting for 10% (n = 17) among adolescents and 10% (n = 16) among young adults, followed by respiratory diseases (14% in adolescents and 3% in young adults). Older adolescents (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-3.0) and young adults (AHR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-1.4) had a higher risk of death compared to early adolescents. Individuals with high wealth status had a lower risk of death (AHR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) compared to those with low wealth status. Adolescents and young adults with no education had a higher likelihood of dying compared to those with education (AHR = 5.6; 95% CI = 3.7-8.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To prevent untimely mortality among adolescents and young adults, efforts should prioritise leading causes such as road traffic accidents and respiratory diseases, and address vulnerabilities among rural residents, the uneducated, and those with low socioeconomic status. We recommend strengthening existing health programs for adolescents and young adults to reduce preventable deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cardiovascular health care personnel regarding coronary CTA and AI-assisted diagnosis: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shanshan Jiang, Lu Ma, Keqin Pan, Hongxia Zhang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04103","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise for medical applications, particularly in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). We assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of cardiovascular health care personnel regarding coronary CTA and AI-assisted diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey from 1 July to 1 August 2024 at Tsinghua University Hospital, Beijing, China. Healthcare professionals, including both physicians and nurses, aged ≥18 years were eligible to participate. We used a structured questionnaire to collect demographic information and KAP scores. We analysed the data using correlation and regression methods, along with structural equation modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 496 participants, 58.5% were female, 52.6% held a bachelor's degree, and 40.7% worked in radiology. Mean KAP scores were 13.87 (standard deviation (SD) = 4.96, possible range = 0-20) for knowledge, 28.25 (SD = 4.35, possible range = 8-40) for attitude, and 31.67 (SD = 8.23, possible range = 10-50) for practice. Knowledge (r = 0.358; P < 0.001) and attitude positively correlated with practice (r = 0.489; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that educational level, department affiliation, and job satisfaction were significant predictors of knowledge. Attitude was influenced by marital status, department, and years of experience, while practice was shaped by knowledge, attitude, departmental factors, and job satisfaction. Structural equation modelling showed that knowledge was directly affected by gender (β = -0.121; P = 0.009), workplace (β = -0.133; P = 0.004), department (β = -0.197; P < 0.001), employment status (β = -0.166; P < 0.001), and night shift frequency (β = 0.163; P < 0.001). Attitude was directly influenced by marriage (β = 0.124; P = 0.006) and job satisfaction (β = -0.528; P < 0.001). Practice was directly affected by knowledge (β = 0.389; P < 0.001), attitude (β = 0.533; P < 0.001), and gender (β = -0.092; P = 0.010). Additionally, gender (β = -0.051; P = 0.010) and marriage (β = 0.066; P = 0.007) had indirect effects on practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiovascular health care personnel exhibited suboptimal knowledge, positive attitudes, and relatively inactive practices regarding coronary CTA and AI-assisted diagnosis. Targeted educational efforts are needed to enhance knowledge and support the integration of AI into clinical workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}