Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology, risk factors, and awareness of mycetoma among residents in Eastern Sinnar locality, Sudan, 2021.","authors":"Mogahid Gadallh A Abdallh, Sahar Hemeda, Mohammed Elmadani, Bashir Ibrahim, Abd Elbasit Elawad Ahmed","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and bones, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Sudan, especially its Eastern Sinnar locality, experiences a significant burden due to environmental conditions and limited access to healthcare, while the population's lack of awareness and understanding often leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional, community-based study in Eastern Sinnar, Sudan, to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and awareness of mycetoma among local residents. Using Cochran's formula, we calculated a required sample size of 400 participants from a total population of 245 201. Then, we randomly selected these participants from five villages chosen through stratified sampling. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and mycetoma-related information, a review of medical records to confirm infection types and prevalence, and interviews with the Directorate of the Mycetoma Centre in Sinnar. We used χ² tests for associations in our analysis, with P-values ≤0.05 indicating statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mycetoma prevalence was 5.4%, with males comprising 76.4% of infected cases. However, the difference in infection rates between genders was not statistically significant (P = 0.248). While infection rates were higher among certain occupational groups, such as farmers and shepherds, the association between occupation and mycetoma infection was non-significant (P = 0.107). We also found no significant associations with educational level (P = 0.104) or age (P = 0.514), but did detect significant associations for family history of infection (P < 0.001), animal ownership (P = 0.004), and not wearing shoes during work (P = 0.05). Awareness of mycetoma was relatively high, with 78.3% of respondents acknowledging the disease, though knowledge gaps remained, especially regarding its transmission, with only 36.1% believing it to be transmissible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the need for targeted health education programmes, particularly emphasising protective footwear and safe animal-handling practices. These findings are crucial for informing public health strategies aimed at reducing the burden of mycetoma in endemic regions such as Eastern Sinnar.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary care functional features and their health impact on patients enrolled in the Shanghai family doctor service: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Yang Wang, Hua Jin, Hui Yang, Yang Zhao, Yi Qian, Dehua Yu, Hai Fang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While research in multiple countries confirms that primary care functional features significantly improve patient health, China's primary care system differs markedly due to unique structural and contextual factors. This study aims to measure and explore the functional features experienced by patients received family doctor contract service in the past year, evaluating the impacts and pathways of these primary care features on health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. In the quantitative phase, we randomly selected 2118 residents from 12 primary care institutions. The intensity of functional features was assessed using the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM), and their association with levels of EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS) was evaluated through multilevel modelling. In the qualitative phase, a qualitative description approach was used, conducting 24 focus groups with a total of 85 patients to gather in-depth information about their experiences with functional features and perceived health impacts. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using meta-synthesis and joint display methods to validate, interpret, and expand the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average PCPCM score was 3.65, with subdomain scores ranging from 3.39 to 3.83. Qualitative findings confirmed the quantitative results regarding the intensity and manifestation of features like accessibility, coordination, and relationship-building. However, discrepancies were noted in features such as comprehensiveness, integration, and family and community context. Additionally, two new functional features, 'being appreciated' and 'being cared for,' were identified. The quantitative results also showed that higher PCPCM scores were positively associated with EQ VAS levels (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.35, P < 0.001). Furthermore, qualitative results revealed six key pathways supporting the beneficial effects of local primary care functional features on health maintenance and improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates high functional scores for Shanghai's family doctor services and highlights a positive association between primary care functionality and population health. These features and their health benefits are deeply shaped by the local social and health care context. This confirms the progress of Shanghai's primary care development and underscores the need for further exploration of primary care functional features across China, along with the development of tools tailored to local conditions to better measure and improve primary care quality and health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>primary healthcare; primary care; quality measurement; population health; mixed method research; China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health system and environmental factors affecting global progress towards achieving End TB targets between 2015 and 2020.","authors":"Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Archie Ca Clements, Kefyalew Addis Alene","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health system and environmental factors play a significant role in achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) End Tuberculosis (TB) targets. However, quantitative measures are scarce or non-existent at a global level. We aimed to measure the progress made towards meeting the global End TB milestones from 2015 to 2020 and identify health system and environmental factors contributing to the success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained data from ten different online data repositories and used principal component analysis to create domain-specific health system performance measures. We used radar charts and dumbbell plots to show the country's progress in ending TB with their health systems. Lastly, we used a linear regression model to identify key health systems and environmental predictors of the percent reduction in TB incidence and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a high variation in TB incidence and mortality reduction between countries and WHO regions. Of all countries included, 75 (39.3%) achieved more than a 20% reduction in TB incidence between 2015 and 2020. However, only 31 (16.2%) reached a 35% reduction in TB mortality. The European Region achieved the highest incidence reduction, exceeding the 2020 milestone with a 25% reduction. The African Region also made notable progress, achieving an 18% mortality reduction despite its relatively poor health systems. Health system factors, such as TB financing, TB-specific health service delivery, access to medicine, and governance, were significantly associated with TB mortality reduction between 2015 and 2020. Environmental factors, such as average annual temperature and air particulate matter concentration, were found to have a significant negative effect on TB incidence and mortality reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Weak health systems were identified as major barriers to achieving the End TB milestones in most high-burden countries. Hence, strengthening health systems with a special focus on TB financing, service delivery, and access to medicine in these countries should be prioritised to achieve global TB mortality reduction targets. Countries should follow WHO's air quality guidelines and rapidly reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impact of environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-powered drug discovery for neglected diseases: accelerating public health solutions in the developing world.","authors":"M D Nahid Hassan Nishan","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.03002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.03002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery represents a transformative development in addressing neglected diseases, particularly in the context of the developing world. Neglected diseases, often overlooked by traditional pharmaceutical research due to limited commercial profitability, pose significant public health challenges in low- and middle-income countries. AI-powered drug discovery offers a promising solution by accelerating the identification of potential drug candidates, optimising the drug development process, and reducing the time and cost associated with bringing new treatments to market. However, while AI shows promise, many of its applications are still in their early stages and require human validation to ensure the accuracy and reliability of predictions. Additionally, AI models are limited by the availability of high-quality data, which is often sparse in regions where neglected diseases are most prevalent. This viewpoint explores the application of AI in drug discovery for neglected diseases, examining its current impact, related ethical considerations, and the broader implications for public health in the developing world. It also highlights the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in this context, emphasising the need for ongoing research, ethical oversight, and collaboration between public health stakeholders to fully realise its potential in transforming global health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"03002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing health systems' capacities to provide post-abortion care: insights from seven low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Sahar Raza, Rajon Banik, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Esrat Jahan, Abu Sayeed, Nafisa Huq, Shams El Arifeen, Anisuddin Ahmed, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abortion-related complications significantly contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality globally. Post-abortion care (PAC) services are essential to safeguarding women's rights by substantially mitigating the health risks associated with abortions - a step which is fundamental to achieving reproductive and maternal health-related Sustainable Development Goals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the nationally representative Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys conducted between 2015 and 2024 across three regions in seven low- and middle-income countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Senegal, and Haiti. We included 2951 primary facilities and 473 referral facilities offering normal delivery services. We used PAC signal functions to report capacity to provide basic and comprehensive PAC services in primary and referral facilities, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of all primary facilities offering normal delivery services, 50% in Afghanistan, 1% in Bangladesh, 8% in Nepal, 5% in DRC, 34% in Ethiopia, 38% in Senegal, and 19% in Haiti had the capacity to provide basic PAC services. Of the referral facilities, 47% in Afghanistan, 16% in Bangladesh, 50% in Nepal, 52% in DRC, 75% in Ethiopia, 46% in Senegal, and 32% in Haiti had the capacity to provide comprehensive PAC services. Primary facilities in Bangladesh, DRC, and Nepal had critical gaps in referral, ie, effective communication with referral centres and availability of a functional vehicle for emergency transportation. In referral facilities, 74% in Bangladesh and 59% in Nepal had the provision of blood transfusion. In terms of basic PAC services in primary facilities, the capacity of Senegal (from 16% in 2015 to 38% in 2019; P = 0.001) and Haiti (from 12% in 2013 to 19% in 2018; P = 0.007) increased, but the capacity of Bangladesh decreased (from 4% in 2014 to 1% in 2017; P = 0.016) over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are substantial gaps in the capacity to provide basic and comprehensive PAC services in the selected countries. Investing in primary healthcare and improving communication and transportation should be the priority for enhancing basic PAC services, while strengthening referral hospitals to effectively handle emergencies and conduct major surgeries could significantly bolster their capacity to provide comprehensive PAC services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Country-specific key lifestyle factors and health outcomes for resource allocation in the general population: a network analysis across 29 countries.","authors":"Jiaying Li, Daniel Yee Tak Fong, Kris Yuet Wan Lok, Janet Yuen Ha Wong, Mandy Man Ho, Edmond Pui Hang Choi, Vinciya Pandian, Patricia M Davidson, Wenjie Duan, Marie Tarrant, Jung Jae Lee, Chia-Chin Lin, Oluwadamilare Akingbade, Khalid M Alabdulwahhab, Mohammad Shakil Ahmad, Mohamed Alboraie, Meshari A Alzahrani, Anil S Bilimale, Sawitree Boonpatcharanon, Samuel Byiringiro, Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan, Luisa Clausi Schettini, Walter Corzo, Josephine M De Leon, Anjanette S De Leon, Hiba Deek, Fabio Efficace, Mayssah A El Nayal, Fathiya El-Raey, Eduardo Ensaldo-Carrasco, Pilar Escotorin, Oluwadamilola Agnes Fadodun, Israel Opeyemi Fawole, Yong-Shian Shawn Goh, Devi Irawan, Naimah Ebrahim Khan, Binu Koirala, Ashish Krishna, Cannas Kwok, Tung Thanh Le, Daniela Giambruno Leal, Miguel Ángel Lezana-Fernández, Emery Manirambona, Leandro Cruz Mantoani, Fernando Meneses-González, Iman Elmahdi Mohamed, Madeleine Mukeshimana, Chinh Thi Minh Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen, Khanh Thi Nguyen, Son Truong Nguyen, Mohd Said Nurumal, Aimable Nzabonimana, Nagla Abdelrahim Mohamed Ahmed Omer, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Angela Chiu Yin Poon, Areli Reséndiz-Rodriguez, Busayasachee Puang-Ngern, Ceryl G Sagun, Riyaz Ahmed Shaik, Nikhil Gauri Shankar, Kathrin Sommer, Edgardo Toro, Hanh Thi Hong Tran, Elvira L Urgel, Emmanuel Uwiringiyimana, Tita Vanichbuncha, Naglaa Youssef","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to identify the central lifestyle, the most impactful among lifestyle factor clusters; the central health outcome, the most impactful among health outcome clusters; and the bridge lifestyle, the most strongly connected to health outcome clusters, across 29 countries to optimise resource allocation for local holistic health improvements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From July 2020 to August 2021, we surveyed 16 461 adults across 29 countries who self-reported changes in 18 lifestyle factors and 13 health outcomes due to the pandemic. Three networks were generated by network analysis for each country: lifestyle, health outcome, and bridge networks. We identified the variables with the highest bridge expected influence as central or bridge variables. Network validation included nonparametric and case-dropping subset bootstrapping, and centrality difference tests confirmed that the central or bridge variables had significantly higher expected influence than other variables within the same network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 87 networks, 75 were validated with correlation-stability coefficients above 0.25. Nine central lifestyle types were identified in 28 countries: cooking at home (in 11 countries), food types in daily meals (in one country), less smoking tobacco (in two countries), less alcohol consumption (in two countries), less duration of sitting (in three countries), less consumption of snacks (in five countries), less sugary drinks (in five countries), having a meal at home (in two countries), taking alternative medicine or natural health products (in one country). Six central health outcomes were noted among 28 countries: social support received (in three countries), physical health (in one country), sleep quality (in four countries), quality of life (in seven countries), less mental burden (in three countries), less emotional distress (in 13 countries). Three bridge lifestyles were identified in 19 countries: food types in daily meals (in one country), cooking at home (in one country), overall amount of exercise (in 17 countries). The centrality difference test showed the central and bridge variables had significantly higher centrality indices than others in their networks (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In 29 countries, cooking at home, less emotional distress, and overall amount of exercise emerged as common central lifestyle, health outcome, and bridge lifestyle factors, respectively. However, notable regional variations necessitate tailored interventions and resource allocations to effectively address unique local key variables and promote holistic health in each locale. The study's cross-sectional design and self-reported data may limit generalisability, emphasising the need for cautious interpretation and further longitudinal research.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>global; across-country comparisons; lifestyle; health outcomes; network analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating effects of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between maternal advanced age, previous caesarean section and the risk of small- or large-for-gestational-age newborns: a multicentric prospective cohort study in southern China.","authors":"Lihua Lin, Bin Sun, Xiaomei Wang, Ronghua Zhang, Juan Lin, Jianying Yan","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04053","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal obstetric characteristics have a key role in determining the occurrence of pregnancy-related disorders and subsequent neonatal outcomes. We aimed to investigate the mediating impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) on the relationship between maternal advanced age, previous caesarean section, and the risk of either large for gestational age (LGA) or small for gestational age (SGA) infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a prospective multicentre cohort study conducted through China's National Maternal Near-miss Surveillance System from January 2012 to December 2021. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the connections between maternal advanced age, previous caesarean section, GDM and HDP, and the risks of LGA and SGA, as well as mediation analyses to assess the mediating effect of GDM and/or HDP on the relationship between maternal advanced age, previous caesarean section, and the risks of LGA and SGA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 482 458 women in our study, of whom13.5% were classified as advanced age, 51.4% as multipara, and 16.3% had a history of uterine scarring. Following adjustments for covariates, we found statistically significant associations between maternal advanced age and GDM (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75, 1.83), maternal advanced age and HDP (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.86, 2.01), previous caesarean section and GDM (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.16), previous caesarean section and HDP (aOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.28), GDM and LGA (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.30, 1.35), and HDP and SGA (aOR = 3.93; 95% CI = 3.75, 4.12). The influence of maternal advanced age on SGA was significantly mediated by HDP, accounting for 68.96% of the mediation effect. Furthermore, GDM and HDP served as significant mediators in the relationship between previous caesarean section and the risks of LGA and SGA, with mediation proportions of 5.62% and 4.49%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found HDP has a mediating role in the impact of maternal advanced age and previous caesarean section individually on SGA risk, while GDM acts as a mediator in the connection between previous caesarean section and LGA risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted construction of COPD self-evaluation questionnaire (COPD-EQ): a national multicentre study in China.","authors":"Yiming Ma, Zijie Zhan, Yahong Chen, Jing Zhang, Wen Li, Zhiyi He, Jungang Xie, Haijin Zhao, Anping Xu, Kun Peng, Gang Wang, Qingping Zeng, Ting Yang, Yan Chen, Chen Wang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04052","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 70% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is underdiagnosed worldwide. We aimed to develop and validate a COPD self-evaluation questionnaire (COPD-EQ) that is better suited for COPD screening in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a primary version of COPD-EQ based on the Delphi method. Then, we conducted a nationwide multicentre prospective to validate our novel COPD-EQ screening ability. To improve the screening ability of COPD-EQ, we used a series of machine learning (ML)-based methods, including logistic regression, XgBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. These models were developed and then evaluated on a random 3:1 train/test split.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through the Delphi approach, we developed the primary version of COPD-EQ with nine items. In the following prospective multicentre study, we recruited 1824 outpatients from 12 sites, of whom 404 (22.1%) were diagnosed with COPD. After the score assignment assisted by ML models and the Shapley Additive Explanation method, six of nine items were retained for a briefer version of COPD-EQ. The scoring-based method achieves an AUC score of 0.734 at a threshold of 4.0. Finally, a novel six-item COPD-EQ questionnaire was developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COPD-EQ questionnaire was validated to be reliable and accurate in COPD screening for the Chinese population. The ML model can further improve the questionnaire's screening ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing male and female clinicians' intentions for a third child in China: A cross-sectional survey analysis with gender-specific insights.","authors":"Dandan Zhang, Fen Liu, Tianxin Cui, Xinqi Zhuang, Jianzhong Zhang, Xiaoyu Lei, Yin-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04001","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As fertility rates decline and population ageing intensifies, the conflict between career and childbearing continues to impact clinicians, especially women. Exploring gender differences in the fertility intentions of male and female clinicians could help with identifying barriers to childbearing, developing effective policies to support work-life balance, and addressing the gap in research on gender disparities in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey among health care personnel in Chinese public hospitals. Through cluster sampling from highly active WeChat groups, we gathered 698 responses from clinicians to the third fertility intention questionnaire online. We then used descriptive statistics and χ² tests for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men (28.28%) had higher intentions of having a third child than women (20.71%) (P = 0.013). In terms of reasons, female clinicians were more concerned than male clinicians about the impact on their career development (P = 0.002), difficulties in job hunting (P = 0.039), and physical injuries caused by multiple births (P < 0.001), and whether the elderly can help (P = 0.001). Conversely, men's apprehensions centred on economic factors such as real house costs (P < 0.001), policy support (P = 0.036), and wives' disagreement (P < 0.001). In discussing governmental interventions, men showed a higher level of interest in policies related to child care (P < 0.001), employment stability for women (P < 0.001), extended maternity leave (P < 0.001), and financial assistance than women (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings show substantial gender-specific differences in third-child fertility intentions among clinicians. To address this, the government should consider divisions in family roles, future societal needs, and women's career development. Policies should focus on balancing work and family by offering affordable childcare, flexible parenting leave, financial incentives, and career support, ensuring childbirth does not negatively impact women's professional growth, and fostering gender equality in parenting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of Public Health and Social Measures implementation and relaxation on influenza transmission during COVID-19 in China: SEIABR and GBDT models.","authors":"Yuxi He, Kaiwei Luo, Han Ni, Wentao Kuang, Liuyi Fu, Shanghui Yi, Yuan Lv, Wenting Zha","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.05038","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.14.05038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 2019, China has implemented Public Health and Social Measures (PHSMs) to manage the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. As the threat from SARS-CoV-2 diminished, these measures were relaxed, leading to increased respiratory infections and strained health care resources by mid-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilised WHO's FluNet and Oxford's COVID-19 Government Response Tracker to assess how policy shifts have affected influenza. It examined changes in influenza incidence, subtype prevalence, and epidemic cycles over three periods: pre-COVID-19 and pre-PHSMs, during COVID-19 and PHSMs, and post-COVID-19 and post-PHSMs. The SEIABR model estimated the transmission probability () and real-time reproduction number () across these periods, while a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) analysed the effects of PHSM indicators on influenza transmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate that before PHSMs, the average incidence was 4.87 per 100 000, with a β-value of (7.95 ± 1.27) × 10^-10 and R_t-value of 1.21 ± 0.16. During PHSMs, incidence dropped to 2.55 per 100 000, and β decreased to (3.17 ± 0.75) × 10^-10 (R_t-value of 0.86 ± 0.20). Post-PHSMs, the incidence surged to 17.00 per 100 000, with β rising to 8.36 × 10^-10 (R_t-value of 2.25). The GBDT model identified testing policies, public information campaigns, and workplace closures as the most impactful PHSM indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PHSMs effectively mitigated the spread of influenza, providing a foundation for future policy development to prevent respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"05038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}