Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Sustaining the adequacy and competency of CDC Staff in China after COVID-19.","authors":"Quan Wang, Yumeng Lv, Runzhi Han, Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Li Yang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.03003","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.03003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examine the significant increase in staffing at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) following the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to the staffing changes post-2003 SARS outbreak. This analysis views the surge not only as compensation for long-term understaffing, but also as a response to the immediate demands of the COVID-19 crisis. We explore the implications of this increase, addressing the financial burden it imposes on the government, the challenges in maintaining a balanced human resource structure, and the potential long-term effects on public health infrastructure. Additionally, we propose strategic recommendations including reforming the income model for CDC employees, implementing strategic workforce planning, and making infrastructure improvements. These measures aim to support a more effective and resilient public health system in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"03003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Durga Kulkarni, Bohee Lee, Nabihah Farhana Ismail, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Julia Spinardi, Moe H Kyaw, Harish Nair","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04032","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous systematic review estimated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections as 1.16% (95% CI = 1.01-1.33%) during the pre-Omicron period. The Omicron variant that emerged in November 2021 was significantly genetically distinct from the previous SARS-CoV-2 variants and thus, more transmissible and posed an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the population. We, therefore, conducted a fresh systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection burden during the Omicron period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched CINAHL, Medline, Global Health, Embase, and WHO COVID-19 in October 2023 for studies reporting the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence during the Omicron period. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the incidence, and requirement of hospitalisation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Symptomatic severity of reinfections and case fatality rates were analysed narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six studies were included. The reinfection cumulative incidence during the Omicron period was 3.35% (95% CI = 1.95-5.72%) based on data from 28 studies. The cumulative incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults (6.62% (95% CI = 3.22-13.12%)) compared to other age groups and in health care workers (9.88% (95% CI = 5.18-18.03%)) compared to the general population (2.48% (95% CI = 1.34-4.54%)). We estimated about 1.81% (95% CI = 0.18-15.87%) of the reinfected cases required hospitalisation based on limited and highly variable data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was an increased risk of reinfections during the Omicron period compared to the pre-Omicron period. The incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults and health care workers and generally less severe during the Omicron period. However, data were limited on disease severity and long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD42023482598.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Chinese criteria on potentially inappropriate medication use in China.","authors":"Fangyuan Tian, Zhaoyan Chen, Ying Zhang, Qiyi Feng, Xi Chen","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04063","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2018, China issued a set of criteria for effectively identifying and managing potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older adults. However, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding the impact of these criteria on PIM use among older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used interrupted time series analysis on the prescription data of older outpatients from 59 hospitals in six major geographic regions of China to compare changes in the overall prevalence of PIM use, the prevalence of PIM use stratified by different numbers of PIMs, and the prevalence of top five PIMs (i.e. clopidogrel, estazolam, zolpidem, sliding-scale insulin, and alprazolam) from 2015 (before) to 2021 (after) the release of criteria in 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 982 605 older outpatients. Compared with trends prior to the publication of the criteria, there were significant decreases in the coefficient for change in the slope of the overall prevalence of PIM use (β = -0.607; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.881, -0.482; P < 0.001), the prevalence of single PIM use (β = -0.368; 95% CI = -0.465, -0.272; P < 0.001), the prevalence of multiple PIM use (β = -0.104; 95% CI = -0.173, -0.080; P = 0.019), the prevalence of clopidogrel (β = -0.342; 95% CI = -0.463, -0.227; P = 0.006), and the prevalence of estazolam (β = -0.077; 95% CI = -0.124, -0.037; P = 0.009) post-publication. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of zolpidem, after the criteria were released (β = 0.030; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.057; P = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that the release of criteria for effectively identifying and managing PIM use has had a positive effect on its prevalence among older outpatients in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between insomnia (related symptoms) and glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yiming Chen, Enyu Tong, Yufeng Rao, Evan Yw Yu, Maurice Zeegers, Anke Wesselius","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04016","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insomnia characterised by difficulties in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, and early awaking, is a prevalent worldwide sleep disorder. While previous studies have suggested an association between insomnia and adverse glycaemic control, the evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to explore this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Insomnia was assessed based on defined criteria, including related symptoms such as poor sleep quality and low sleep efficiency. Glycaemic control was evaluated using indicators such as fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1c, and the presence of diabetes. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of the included studied was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Effect sizes, including odds ratio, relative risk, mean difference, and standard mean difference, were chosen based on data type. Forest plots visually displayed pooled effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals, while the I² test calculated heterogeneity. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis explored potential sources of heterogeneity. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis assessed result robustness, and Begg's and Egger's tests evaluated publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-one articles, comprising 84 are cross-sectional studies, (five are case-control studies, and two are cohort studies) with 2 217 521 participants, were included. Ten separate meta-analyses were conducted based on variable type (binary/continuous), study design (cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort), and measurement of exposures/outcomes. All meta-analyses indicated a positive association between insomnia (related symptoms) and adverse glycaemic control. However, three meta-analyses showed significant heterogeneity, and three lacked robustness. No publication bias was detected across any of the analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insomnia is likely associated with adverse glycaemic control. As the included studies are observational, future research should prioritise diverse methodologies and robust study designs to further explore this complex relationship.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>insomnia, insomnia related symptoms, glycaemic control, systematic review, meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42024491688.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in Chinese children aged 3-14 years using ensemble learning algorithms.","authors":"Kening Chen, Fangjieyi Zheng, Xiaoqian Zhang, Qiong Wang, Zhixin Zhang, Wenquan Niu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04013","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Factors underlying the development of childhood underweight, overweight, and obesity are not fully understood. Traditional models have drawbacks in handling large-scale, high-dimensional, and nonlinear data. In this study, we aimed to identify factors responsible for underweight, overweight, and obesity using machine learning methods among Chinese children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study participants were children aged 3-14 from 30 kindergartens and 26 schools in Beijing and Tangshan. Weight status was defined per the World Health Organization criteria. We implemented three ensemble learning algorithms and compared their performance and ranked the contributing factors by importance and identified an optimal set. A user-friendly web application was developed to calculate the predicted probability of childhood underweight, overweight, and obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analysed data from 18 503 children aged 3-14, including 1798 underweight, 10 579 of normal weight, 3257 overweight, and 2869 with obesity. Of all algorithms, random forest performed the best, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic reaching 0.759 for underweight, 0.806 for overweight, and 0.849 for obesity, with other metrics also reinforcing this algorithm. Further cumulative analyses showed that, for underweight, the optimal set of six factors included maternal body mass index (BMI), age, paternal BMI, maternal reproductive age, paternal reproductive age, and birth weight. The optimal set for overweight comprised of five factors: age, fast food intake, maternal BMI, paternal BMI, and sedentary time. For obesity, the optimal set included six factors: age, fast food intake, maternal BMI, paternal BMI, sedentary time, and maternal reproductive age. Further logistic regression analyses confirmed the predictive capability of individual top factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that random forest is the best ensemble learning algorithm for predicting underweight, overweight, and obesity in children aged 3-14 years. We identified the optimal set of significant factors for each malnutrition status and incorporated them into a web application to support the application of this study's findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy with multiple high-risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yue Zhang, Weijie Ding, Tingting Wu, Songtao Wu, Hui Wang, Muhammad Fawad, Akilew Awoke Adane, Xiaochen Dai, Xiaoqin Zhu, Xiaolin Xu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A wide spectrum of high-risk factors in pregnancy can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes or short- or long-term health effects. Despite this, there has been no synthesis of findings on the measurement, potential causes, and health outcomes of multiple high-risk factors in pregnancy (MHFP). We aimed to address this gap by summarising the existing research on this topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved studies published up to 3 June 2024 through systematic database searches and used a narrative synthesis approach to summarise the measurement, patterns, causes, and outcomes of MHFP. We also estimated the pooled MHFP prevalence through meta-analysis with a random effects model and performed subgroup analyses and meta-regression to examine potential sources of between-study heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 83 observational studies published between 2010 and 2024, of which 72% were from high-income countries. These studied factors can be grouped into four categories: physical conditions, mental conditions, sociobehavioural problems, and pregnancy history. We identified 16 MHFP patterns, among which co-existing multiple physical conditions were the most common pattern. The overall pooled prevalence of MHFP was 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 12-13), with an increasing trend and relatively higher levels in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We observed heterogeneity in the measurement of MHFP across the studies, possibly due to the number of risk factors in the definition of MHFP. About 78% of included studies investigated MHFP-associated health outcomes for women and offspring, with only two studies examining long-term maternal or offspring outcomes later in life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research into MHFP has been emerging over the past decade, but is far from complete. The burden of MHFP is increasing worldwide, particularly LMICs. Maternal healthcare systems must shift to a multidisciplinary and integrated framework so as to better design and implement prevention and intervention programmes and sustain the healthy development of the next generation.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD42022358889.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling the persistent and episodic nature of long COVID symptoms and the impact on quality of life and functional status: a cohort observation study.","authors":"Rebecca Owen, Ruth Em Ashton, Tom Bewick, Robert J Copeland, Francesco V Ferraro, Clare Kennerley, Bethan E Phillips, Thomas Maden-Wilkinson, Thomas Parkington, Lindsay Skipper, Callum Thomas, Ross Arena, Federico Formenti, Cemal Ozemek, Sundar Kumar Veluswamy, Rachita Gururaj, Mark A Faghy","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04006","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-viral issues following acute infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), referred to widely as long COVID, are associated with episodic, persistent, and disabling symptoms affecting quality of life and functional status. Evidence demonstrates a significant impairment and long disease course, but there remains limited empirical data to profile and determine the fluctuating symptom profile of long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We devised a 16-week, multicentre prospective cohort observation study to profile changes in patient-reported outcomes, and biological, physiological, psychological, and cognitive parameters following diagnosis and/or referral to an established long COVID clinic. Following baseline assessments, participants completed four face-to-face visits interspersed with telephone consultations. Face-to-face visits included physiological assessment, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), functional status, and respiratory function. Telephone consultations involved PROMs and symptom profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient-reported outcomes improved from baseline to week sixteen, but demonstrated between visit fluctuations in frequency and severity. Further findings highlight the severity and frequency of long COVID symptom profiles and the extent of quality of life and functional status impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data presented here highlight the episodic and relapsing nature and should be used to help characterise long COVID disability. They can inform the development of long COVID-specific guidelines and support services that can adequately respond to the reductions in patient well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the characteristics and illness comprehension bias among Chinese patients with psycho-cardiovascular disease: a multi-centre cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Zhuofei Shi, Kun Xia, Jianchao Li, Jianqi Lu, Hongping Lu, Yanli Li, Jifeng Zhang, Qilan Chen, Jing Liu, Rongjing Ding","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04019","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, impacts cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis and management. Illness comprehension is essential for effective treatment, but biases can lead to suboptimal outcomes. We explored psycho-cardiovascular disease (PCD) patient characteristics, with a specific focus on comprehension biases and treatment choices from patients' perspectives in China, to improve management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 864 PCD patients in Chinese hospitals across 11 provinces. Tools included the seven-item General Anxiety Disorder scale, the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and a self-designed PCD illness comprehensibility survey. We used χ² test, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression to examine patient characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 834 enrolled PCD patients, over 90% experienced mild to moderate anxiety and depression, yet less than 10% received treatment. 52.90% of patients had high illness comprehension. Among the high comprehension group, there were fewer labourers (19.30% vs. 26.40%; P < 0.05), fewer older individuals (39.20% vs. 46.90%; P < 0.05), and those with lower household income (15.60% vs. 30.50%; P < 0.05). A greater proportion of those in the high comprehension group lacked insurance (17.50% vs. 10.00%; P < 0.05), and they were more highly educated (42.90% vs. 32.10% with a college education). Additionally, more patients in the high comprehension group frequently received psychological consultation (24.00% vs. 5.10%; P < 0.05) and therapy (7.70% vs. 2.30%; P < 0.05). These patient groups preferred tertiary hospitals (71.66% vs. 63.33%; P < 0.05) and psycho-cardiovascular clinics (40.14% vs. 25.90%; P < 0.05). In comparison, low comprehension patients prioritised cost (32.65% vs. 46.41%; P < 0.05) and favoured a transition to community hospitals (16.55% vs. 25.38%; P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More than 90% of PCD patients in Chinese CVD departments experience mild to moderate anxiety and depression with low treatment rates. Different illness comprehension levels are associated with variations in treatment willingness, considerations, health care preferences, medication choices, and illness knowledge acquisition methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longer recreational screen time contributes to the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a UK Biobank cohort study and two-sample Mendelian randomisation.","authors":"Yikeng Huang, Xinyu Zhang, Li Liang, Yujin Jiang, Bo Li, Xinyu Zhu, Chenxin Li, Chufeng Gu, Wenjun Zou, Zhi Zheng, Shuzhi Zhao","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04029","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recreational screen time (RST) has been found to be associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the association between RST and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an ocular neurodegenerative disease, is still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the association between RST and AMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study consisted of three parts: 1) a prospective cohort study with 482 939 UK Biobank participants and a 12.8-year median follow-up to explore the association between RST and incident AMD; 2) a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using summary-level genome-wide association analysis data for RST based on 526 725 European individuals to assess causality between RST and AMD; and 3) a cross-sectional study involving 38 478 UK Biobank individuals with optical coherence tomography data to investigate the link between RST and retinal thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models showed that an increase in total daily RST was associated with a greater risk of developing AMD (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03, 1.07, P < 0.001). With further analysis, we revealed that daily high RST (>4 h/d) significantly increased the risk of AMD compared with low RST (0-3 h/d) (HR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.15, P = 0.001), while moderate RST (3.5-4 h/d) had no significant effect on AMD. Restricted cubic spline plots revealed a linear dose-response association between RST and AMD. With MR analysis we confirmed the potential causal association between RST and AMD (odds ratio per SD = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.59, P = 0.042). Multivariable linear models suggested that an increase in RST was associated with thinning of the outer and inner retinal layers and total macular thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longer RST may be a potential causal risk factor for AMD and may lead to pathological retinal thinning. Reducing RST could be beneficial for preventing AMD, and future research should identify the most effective time points for intervening on RST.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosures of conflicts of interest from the editors of the Journal of Global Health - 2025.","authors":"Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.01001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.01001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"01001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}