Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that utilise ICD-coded data: a systematic review.","authors":"Eldad Agyei-Manu, Nadege Atkins, Madhurima Nundy, Christa St-Jean, Alice Gornall-Wick, Emma Birley, Udani De Silva, Prerna Krishan, Laura Vokey, Marshall F Dozier, Emilie McSwiggan, Ruth McQuillan, Evropi Theodoratou, Ting Shi","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04177","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some surveillance systems for influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) utilise International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded data and are useful for analysing trends and enhancing quick, evidence-based decisions against the epidemic potential that threatens global health security. With variations in the design of systems globally, the World Health Organization requested a systematic review to identify key characteristics of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that utilise ICD-coded data, and to assess their performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Global Health to identify relevant studies reporting on influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that use ICD-coded data. We independently assessed studies for the ICD codes used, their statistical estimates and limitations. We appraised included studies using Joana Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools and synthesised using narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 77 studies, reporting on 71 surveillance systems - 33 systems recorded surveillance data only, 15 systems recorded burden of disease data only, and 23 systems recorded both surveillance and burden of disease data. Surveillance systems utilised ICD-10 codes (75%), ICD-9 codes (22%), or both (3%). ICD-10 codes J09 and J10 were frequently used for influenza, U07.1 for COVID-19, and B97.4, J12.1, J20.5, and J21.0 for RSV. ICD-9 codes 487 and 488 were mostly used for influenza, and codes 466.11 and 480.1 for RSV. ICD-10 codes had low-to-moderate sensitivity (6.60-79.87%) and high specificity (97.40-99.72%) for influenza, low-to-high sensitivity (30.00-98.4%) and specificity (39.50-99.80%) for COVID-19, and low-to-high sensitivity (6.00-99.80%) and specificity (12.10-100.00%) for RSV. ICD-9 codes had low sensitivity (45.60%) and high specificity (97.90%) for influenza. Underestimation of infections or mortality attributable to influenza, SARS-CoV-2, or RSV is a major limitation to using ICD-coded data across surveillance systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The performance of ICD codes for syndromic- or disease-specific surveillance remains inconclusive, although using only ICD-coded data within these systems may underestimate influenza, SARS-CoV-2, or RSV-attributable morbidity and mortality. Future studies should assess the accuracy of ICD code combinations for surveillance of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the disease experience and supportive care for people with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Malaysia: a multiperspective qualitative study.","authors":"Zee Nee Lim, Su May Liew, Ee Ming Khoo, Hilary Pinnock, Sylvia McCarthy, Jayakayatri Jeevajothi Nathan, Yong Kek Pang, Nik Sherina Hanafi, Norita Hussein, Ahmad Ihsan Abu Bakar, Yun Li Chan, Aziz Sheikh","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04127","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Malaysia, palliative services are almost non-existent for those with severe organ failure such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Access to palliative care services and awareness among the public and healthcare professionals remain low. While recognised as important in high income settings, the literature on palliative care for non-malignant disease is relatively uncommon in low- and middle-income countries, and none considered the multicultural setting of Malaysia. We aimed to explore the views and experiences of patients, healthcare providers (HCPs) and policymakers about their experience of very severe COPD and palliative care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook in-depth qualitative interviews with patients with very severe COPD, HCPs working in respiratory, palliative care, and primary care medicine, and health policymakers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Interviews followed a topic guide, were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We conducted 22 in-depth interviews with patients (n = 11), and physicians working in respiratory (n = 4), palliative care (n = 4) and primary care (n = 3) medicine. Four main themes emerged. First, there was poor understanding regarding severe, potentially life-limiting COPD and the need for palliative care. Second, patients were suffering from the severe physical, emotional, and psychosocial impact of the disease. Third, there was a lack of accessible, compassionate, holistic, and coordinated care. Finally, cultural issues such as religious norms, spirituality, community, and power hierarchies influenced patient care and acceptance of their condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Malaysian healthcare system is responding poorly to the needs of patients with very severe COPD. Raising awareness of these needs is the first step, but there needs to be a major change within the system if the care of this hidden neglected population is to be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic, standard-based, participatory assessment of a Continuous Quality Improvement project in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: results for maternal care.","authors":"Tinatin Gagua, Dimitry Beglitse, Anna Calancae, Dilrabo Yunusova, Arsen Askerov, Zarina Ibragimova, Asel Orozalieva, Nurshaim Tilenbaeva, Shoira Yusupova, Oleg Kuzmenko, Sophie Jullien, Martin W Weber","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04176","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal health care quality remains challenging in low- and middle-income countries, including Central Asia, where access to effective care is limited. While quality improvement (QI) interventions have been introduced, their impact is rarely evaluated. This study evaluates the effects of a two-year, complex QI intervention to improve maternal health services in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a pre-post intervention design to evaluate improvements in maternal health care quality in 19 hospitals across Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Following an initial assessment, an action plan was developed using a WHO-standardised tool. The study implemented a multi-faceted intervention to improve maternal health. A 0-3 scoring system measured changes over time. No control group was included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Kyrgyzstan, significant improvements were observed in caesarean section management (mean (x̄) = 1.9-2.1, P = 0.01), maternal complications management (x̄ = 1.6-1.9, P = 0.01), postpartum haemorrhage management (x̄ = 1.8-2.1, P = 0.03), and preeclampsia management (x̄ = 1.4-1.9, P = 0.01). Changes in hospital support services (x̄ = 1.6-1.8, P = 0.68) and infection control policies (x̄ = 1.6-1.9, P = 0.32) were not statistically significant. In Tajikistan, statistically significant improvements were seen in hospital support services (x̄ = 1.4-2.0, P = 0.01), routine labour and vaginal birth care (x̄ = 1.4-2.0, P = 0.01), infection control policies (x̄ = 1.4-1.8, P = 0.03), maternal complications management (x̄ = 1.5-2.1, P = 0.02), postpartum haemorrhage (x̄ = 1.7-2.1, P = 0.04), and labour progress (x̄ = 1.2-2.1, P = 0.01). However, changes in caesarean section management (x̄ = 1.7-2.3, P = 0.09) and emergency preparedness (x̄ = 1.6-2.3, P = 0.11) did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WHO-guided participatory approach set benchmarks that improved labour management, obstetric care, infection control, and infrastructure. Expanding such initiatives, especially in underserved areas, is vital to sustain and scale their impact on maternal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12099276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-management interventions for common long-term conditions in low- and middle-income countries: a synthesis of current evidence.","authors":"Taim Akhal, Margherita Gabra, Miriam Adesokan, Opeyemi O Babatunde","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04148","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In addition to endemic communicable diseases, resource-poor health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are buckling under an increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to non-communicable diseases (NCD) - 'NCDs crisis.' Supported self-management (SM) is a recommended approach for improving patient outcomes. There is yet no robust evidence on the effectiveness of SM interventions for people with long-term conditions (LTCs) in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Underpinned by a comprehensive search of seven databases, we conducted a systematic review and evidence synthesis. Paired reviewers completed study selection, methodological, and data extraction. Here, we report a synthesis considering disease-specific (e.g. glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), quality-of-life (QoL), and economic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 49 222 citations, 26 studies were included in the analysis (one systematic review, 14 trials, five cross-sectional, and six qualitative studies). LTCs for which SM interventions were reported included: diabetes (14 studies, n = 2388), hypertension (six studies, n = 1779), and arthritis (two studies, n = 180). Further, three studies (n = 237) were on co-morbid diabetes and hypertension. Interventions were broadly classified as: SM education, mobile health-guided SM, and community-based support for SM. Education on SM showed the most promising improvement in clinical outcomes (e.g. mean pain intensity scores from 3.97 to 2.77), functional ability, HbA1c (pre-intervention mean of 8.58% to a post-intervention 8.08% in one study; 9.45% to 8.98% in another study), millimetres of mercury (mmHg) (pre-intervention mean of 129.7/83.7 to a post-intervention 117.9/75.3) and health-related QoL (e.g. EuroQol Five Dimension score improvement from 0.77 to 0.89 post-intervention) among patients living with diabetes, hypertension and arthritis compared to usual care. Effectiveness of interventions was dependent on literacy, SM education delivery aids, and disease-specific care, as patients preferred in-person (interactive) education sessions over virtual assistance alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Guided SM interventions with community-based support show promise for improving outcomes for people with common LTCs in LMICs. However, a dearth of cost-feasibility data and variability in outcomes limit decisions on scalability and policy decision making. There is a need for regulatory bodies to develop clinical guidelines and promote implementation of tailored SM education as a core management strategy for LTCs care in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42022345762.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12099277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic risk profiling in COPD using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 ABE and comorbidity assessment: evidence from a register-based COPD cohort.","authors":"Ching-Hsiung Lin, Yi-Rong Li, Shih-Lung Cheng, Hao-Chien Wang, Hen-I Lin, Kang-Yun Lee, Inn-Wen Chong, Po-Chiang Chan, Huan-Wei Chen, Chong-Jen Yu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04152","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 ABE classification system guides initial chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment, patient heterogeneity and comorbidities complicate management. We investigated how the GOLD 2023 ABE classification and aligned comorbidity profiles affect patient outcomes in real-world Asian populations with COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a register-based cohort study of 38 928 patients from multiple institutions across Taiwan (from April 2017 to December 2021). We classified patients by GOLD 2023 ABE categories. Data included demographics, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)-defined comorbidities, treatment, symptoms, questionnaires, spirometry, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among COPD patients, 89.2% were males, and the median age was 71 years. Groups A comprised 30.2%, group B 46.4%, and group E 23.5% of patients. Among these, 28.3% of group A patients used inhaled corticosteroid-containing inhalers. Group E had the highest rates of GOLD 4 airway obstruction (11.8%), CCI score ≥4 (15.6%), and five-year mortality rate (22.6%). Group E demonstrated the highest risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.727; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.605-1.858) and moderate-to-severe exacerbation (HR = 2.127; 95% CI = 1.942-2.330) vs. group A. Key comorbidities, acute myocardial infarction (HR = 1.257; 95% CI = 1.057-1.430), congestive heart failure (HR = 1.836; 95% CI = 1.707-1.909), and pulmonary disease (HR = 1.071; 95% CI = 1.011-1.129), were associated with higher mortality. Acute myocardial infarction (HR = 1.251; 95% CI = 1.031-1.444), congestive heart failure (HR = 1.193; 95% CI = 1.089-1.285), and pulmonary disease (HR = 1.491; 95% CI = 1.405-1.550) were also associated with higher exacerbations, with patterns varying across GOLD groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large registry-based cohort, group E patients demonstrated the highest mortality and exacerbation risks. Cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities increased adverse outcome risks across all GOLD categories. Systematic comorbidity screening should be integrated into routine COPD care. Findings support personalised treatment approaches based on GOLD classification and comorbidity profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global incidence trends and projections of Alzheimer disease and other dementias: an age-period-cohort analysis 2021.","authors":"Libo Xu, Zhenhao Wang, Mao Li, Qingsong Li","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04156","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer disease (AD) is a growing global health issue, with incidence varying by gender, age, and region. Understanding these trends is essential for developing effective prevention strategies as the population ages. Unlike previous Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies that primarily focussed on prevalence and mortality, we offer a novel perspective by examining historical incidence trends and projecting future patterns of AD and other dementias using advanced analytical approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 204 countries and 21 global regions from the GBD 2021 database. We applied the age-period-cohort (APC) model to analyse historical incidence trends, and the Bayesian APC (BAPC) model to forecast future incidence from 2022-36. These models help reveal changes related to age, period, and birth cohort and enable forecasting of future trends - analytical perspectives not provided in the original GBD data sets or their supplementary documents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1992-2021, global AD cases increased from 4.078 million to 9.837 million, while the global age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) remained relatively stable, rising slightly from 117.7 to 119.8 per 100 000. ASIR increased significantly in high-middle and middle-sociodemographic index regions, but declined in the low-sociodemographic index regions. Women consistently exhibited higher incidence rates than men across all regions. Projections indicate that 2036 global AD cases will reach 19.117 million, with an ASIR of 418.92 per 100 000.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While global ASIR has remained stable, the number of AD cases continues to rise due to population ageing, particularly in middle- and high-income regions. Low-income regions face additional challenges due to limited health care resources. Gender disparities and unequal access to health care contribute to the variations in disease burden. These findings emphasise the need to prioritise early diagnosis and implement targeted interventions to reduce future disease burdens and address global health care inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'We would look at the chickens as a source of security': microenterprise and health in rural Uganda.","authors":"Justus Kananura, Bridget Fo Burns, Charles Baguma, Rumbidzai C Mushavi, Emily N Satinsky, Allen Kiconco, Elizabeth B Namara, Clare Kamagara, Elijah Musinguzi, Owen Alleluya, Atheendar S Venkataramani, David R Bangsberg, Alexander C Tsai, Bernard Kakuhikire","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04074","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Development interventions may promote sustainable livelihoods among participants via improved income generation, health, education, and quality of life. Within the development literature, microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide individuals with funds and/or start-up capital to develop small businesses. However, the evidence on whether MFIs are successful in ensuring sustainable livelihoods is mixed. In this study, we assessed participants' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to a poultry microenterprise intervention, and the impact of the intervention on enabling sustainable livelihoods for the participants, their families, and their community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During exit interviews, 30 women who had participated in a poultry microenterprise demonstration project in rural Uganda nine months prior described their experiences in the intervention, including perceived benefits and challenges, and discussed specific factors that impacted their continuity in the project. We analysed the interviews using a content analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants noted instrumental and interpersonal benefits of the intervention: greater financial security, increased trust from community members, social support, empowerment, and skills-building. Despite these facilitators, challenges precluded some of them from establishing sustainable livelihoods. Pervasive poverty, poultry disease outbreaks, poor spousal/familial support, and challenges in effectively communicating the goal of the intervention stood as barriers to the establishment of sustained poultry businesses. While most participants (n/N = 20/30) reached the final phase of the intervention, only six continued rearing chickens beyond the project.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Barriers and facilitators described by the participants and identified in our analysis bear implications for the design, implementation, and evaluation of microenterprise interventions aimed at providing participants with sustainable livelihoods. Our findings highlight the importance of qualitative research in identifying concerns and informing intervention adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women at risk of preterm labour in low- and middle-income countries: utilisation and facility readiness.","authors":"Wen-Chien Yang, Catherine Arsenault, Victoria Y Fan, Hannah H Leslie, Fouzia Farooq, Andrea B Pembe, Theodros Getachew, Emily R Smith","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04149","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Administering antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to pregnant women at risk of imminent preterm labour improves newborn survival. However, ACS remains substantially underused in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most preterm births occur globally. Providing ACS in inadequately equipped settings can be harmful. Health facilities must demonstrate readiness to ensure safe and effective ACS use. We aimed to assess ACS utilisation and facility readiness to administer ACS based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from Service Provision Assessments in nine LMICs. The primary outcome was ACS utilisation, which was defined as having ever provided ACS in a health facility. We assessed the availability of injectable corticosteroids (dexamethasone or betamethasone) and facility readiness to administer ACS appropriately. To measure readiness, we developed an overall readiness index based on 35 indicators, grouped into four categories based on WHO recommendations. The results were stratified by facility level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across eight countries with comparable sampling strategies, only a median of 10.7% (range = 6.7-35.2%) of facilities had provided ACS, one-fourth (median = 25.3%; range = 4.6-61.5%) had injectable corticosteroids available at the time of the survey. Significant gaps were observed between corticosteroid availability and ACS use. We found low overall readiness indices, ranging from 8.1% for Bangladesh to 32.9% for Senegal. Across four readiness categories, the readiness index was the lowest for criterion one (i.e. ability to assess gestational age accurately) (7.3%), followed by criterion two (i.e. ability to identify maternal infections) (24.8%), criterion four (i.e. ability to provide adequate preterm newborn care) (31.3%), and criterion three (i.e. ability to provide adequate childbirth care) (32.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We proposed a strategy for measuring facility readiness to implement one of the most effective interventions to improve neonatal survival. Countries should operationalise readiness measurement, improve facility readiness to provide ACS appropriately, and encourage ACS uptake in well-equipped facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating self-reported vaccination hesitancy in mobile phone surveys in low- and middle-income countries: learned lessons from Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, and Malawi.","authors":"Ryan T Rego, Kyrani Reneau, Yuri Zhukov, Kristina Rice, Patrick Brady, Geoffrey Siwo, Ken Kollman, Sabina Odero, Mercy Mokaya, Amina Abubakar, Amy Pienta, Akbar K Waljee","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04066","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The large amount of data on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy presents a unique opportunity to better understand COVID-19 vaccination uptake. However, the utility of this data is unclear, particularly how representative the surveys are of general populations, how easy the data is to use, and how valid the outcome (intent to be vaccinated) is. We explored this in the World Bank's high frequency phone surveys (HFPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HFPS were conducted longitudinally in over 50 countries between 2020-21. A subset of the HFPS contained questions on vaccination hesitancy. We compared the demographic results from four surveys against the most recent census to determine the representativeness of the sample and vaccination intent/actual vaccination against government-reported vaccination rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the surveys were generally representative of population sizes and the rural/urban split, they tended to over-sample men and older people and omitted several key indicators. We also found that self-reported vaccination rates were higher than actual vaccination rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is important to consider challenges in the HFPS data and other datasets which measure vaccination acceptance by phone surveys. It is also important to consider the ease of data use. However, even when these challenges arise, there are still opportunities for meaningful use of the data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global distribution and health impact of infectious disease outbreaks, 1996-2023: a worldwide retrospective analysis of World Health Organization emergency event reports.","authors":"Qiao Liu, Min Liu, Wannian Liang, Xuanjun Li, Wenzhan Jing, Zhongdan Chen, Jue Liu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04151","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over 30 priority pathogens with pandemic potential were identified, underscoring the need for targeted surveillance and prevention. As infectious disease outbreaks increase globally, particularly from zoonotic and vector-borne pathogens, understanding their distribution is crucial for effective public health responses. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of global infectious disease outbreaks from 1996-2023, addressing gaps in previous research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We sourced data from the World Health Organization emergency events webpage, focusing on key details like disease name, location, date, and fatalities. We calculated case fatality rates (CFR) to assess outbreak severity. We categorised outbreaks into six types - respiratory, vector-borne, foodborne/waterborne, direct contact infections, non-infectious conditions, and others. Data extraction was independently performed and cross-verified for accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1996-2023, a total of 3013 global outbreak events were reported. The Democratic Republic of the Congo had the highest frequency of outbreaks, with 272 events, followed by China with 254, and Saudi Arabia with 202. Influenza was the most frequently reported disease, with 771 outbreaks, followed by Ebola (n = 342) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (n = 305). Significant outbreaks included the 2023 global dengue outbreak, which accounted for five million cases and 5000 deaths. The CFR was highest for the Marburg virus at 76.86%, followed by haemorrhagic fever at 63.63%, and Ebola at 63.00%. The data underscore the varying severity and distribution of outbreaks, highlighting the critical need for robust global health surveillance and targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we highlighted the significant impact of influenza, Ebola, and MERS-CoV. The high case fatality rates of viruses like Marburg and Ebola emphasised the need for early detection and rapid response systems. Strengthening global cooperation, investing in health care infrastructure, and integrating digital surveillance technologies are crucial to enhancing preparedness and reducing future outbreak impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}