Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Global substance use disorders burden from 1990 to 2021: post-COVID shifts and widening inequalities.","authors":"Tianyue Yu, Meiti Wang, Jinxin Zheng, Shiyang Guan, Jianhua Chen","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.16.04131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global evidence on substance use disorders (SUDs) remains fragmented, and fewer analyses have benchmarked country-level burden against development gradients. We used Global Burden of Disease 2021 estimates to update long-term trends and inequalities in SUDs, including alcohol use disorder and drug use disorders (DUDs), from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed Global Burden of Disease 2021 estimates for SUDs, alcohol use disorder, and DUDs across 204 countries and territories. We report age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPR), incidence rates, and disability-adjusted life-years rates (age-standardised disability-adjusted life-years rate) per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Analyses examined temporal trends, age-sex patterns, regional and national variation, socio-demographic index (SDI) - stratified gradients, and deviations of observed burden from SDI-based expected levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, 162.86 million people had SUDs (95% UI = 145.95, 180.85). The global ASPR was 1982.13 per 100 000 (95% UI = 1773.57, 2206.29), declining by 16.9% (95% UI = -18.7, -14.9) since 1990; age-standardised incidence rate was 843.37 (95% UI = 736.21, 956.19), declining by 17.3% (95% UI = -19.7, -15.2); and ASDR was 393.36 (95% UI = 323.56, 469.04), declining by 9.1% (95% UI = -11.9, -5.7). Alcohol use disorder accounted for about 111.12 million cases (95% UI = 96.35, 127.90) (ASPR = 1335.43; 95% UI = 1153.65, 1539.75), and DUDs for about 53.12 million (95% UI = 46.99, 60.95) (ASPR = 663.80; 95% UI = 584.52, 766.14). Geographic heterogeneity was marked: high-income North America had the highest ASDR = 2193.48 (95% UI = 1861.45, 2529.02) and Western Sub-Saharan Africa the lowest ASDR = 136.22 (95% UI = 108.18, 170.26). Drug use disorder burden increased in several high-SDI settings in 2020-2021, while burden peaked in young adults (approximately 25-35 years) and was consistently higher among males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite declining global age standardised rates since 1990, SUDs remain a major source of health loss, with pronounced age-sex differences, substantial cross-country heterogeneity, and widening divergence by development level. Recent increases in drug-related burden in some high-SDI settings highlight the need for strengthened surveillance and context-specific prevention, treatment, and harm-reduction responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of disasters on maternal mental health: a systematic review.","authors":"Minnat Seema, Clifford Afoakwah, Elcin Tuzel, Joshua Byrnes","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04126","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vulnerability of maternal mental health is increasing with the frequent increase in natural and man-made disasters, yet evidence remains fragmented. We aimed to synthesise quantitative evidence on the impact of disaster exposure on maternal mental health and related pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched 12 electronic databases, nine sub-databases, and additional web sources for the studies published between 1995 and 2025. We included studies that assessed the impact of disaster exposure during pregnancy and provided quantitative outcomes for depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 18 604 studies, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Natural disasters were the highest group (n = 16), including earthquakes (n = 8), floods/cyclone/hurricane (n = 7), and wildfire (n = 1), followed by man-made disaster (n = 7), including conflict/war/terrorism (n = 5), nuclear disaster (n = 1), plane crash (n = 1), and war (n = 1), and one hybrid disaster. Disaster showed a consistent increase in the risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD among pregnant women, with effects persisting up to six years post-disaster event. Across studies, disaster exposure increased maternal mental health problems by approximately 30% to over 200%, and PTSD odds increased seven to 10-fold among highly exposed pregnant women. Three studies reported that both depression and PTSD during pregnancy were associated with adverse pregnancy or early child outcomes, suggesting potential intergenerational effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disasters exert enduring and profound impacts on maternal mental health, with consequences cascading across both mother and child. Urgent, cost-effective and disaster-informed policies are needed to mitigate such long-term impacts.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD42023445559.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National, regional and provincial prevalence of peripheral artery disease in Chinese adults in 2023: an updated systematic review and modelling study.","authors":"Jiali Zhou, Shiyi Shan, Guangdian Shen, Boren Tan, Jiayao Ying, Igor Rudan, Peige Song","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04155","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common atherosclerotic condition characterised by the narrowing or obstruction of peripheral arteries, has become a substantial public health concern in China. However, its prevalence across the country at the provincial level has never been quantified. Through an updated systematic review and modelling study, we aimed to estimate the national, regional, and provincial prevalence of PAD among Chinese individuals aged 30-89 years in 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an updated literature search in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database to identify studies published between 4 March 2017 and 12 August 2024 reporting on the prevalence of PAD in the general Chinese population. We also identified and included studies from previous systematic reviews. We then used a multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression model to generate the age- and sex-specific prevalence estimates of PAD among individuals aged 30-89 years at the national level. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with PAD using a random-effects meta-analysis and incorporated them into an 'associated factor-based model' to estimate regional and provincial prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 54 articles from all searches. Model-based estimates indicated that the overall prevalence of PAD among Chinese adults aged 30-89 years in 2023 was 5.47% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64-6.44), equivalent to 49.90 million (95% CI = 42.32-58.73) affected individuals. Prevalence increased progressively with age, ranging from 4.23% (95% CI = 3.58-5.00) among individuals aged 30-34 years to 18.37% (95% CI = 15.90-21.13) among those aged 85-89 years. The overall prevalence was higher in females (6.19%; 95% CI = 5.25-7.27) than males (4.76%; 95% CI = 4.03-5.61). Regionally, Northeast China had the highest prevalence of PAD at 5.87% (95% CI = 4.98-6.91), while Central China had the lowest at 5.26% (95% CI = 4.46-6.19). At the provincial level, the prevalence of PAD was the highest in Beijing (6.40%; 95% CI = 5.43-7.53) and lowest in Tibet (4.35%; 95% CI = 3.68-5.12). Female sex, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke were identified as factors significantly associated with PAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that PAD is prevalent in China, with pronounced age-related trends, sex differences, and regional disparities. These findings could inform targeted public health initiatives and appropriate resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD420251118923.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between haemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio and mortality in intracerebral haemorrhage: a population-based analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.","authors":"Bo-An Chen, Shin-Nan Lin, Kuo-Chen Wei, Yi-Ying Hsieh, Jiun-Lin Yan, Mao-Yu Chen, Yi-Hsien Kuo, Ying-Yun Chen, Pin-Yuan Chen","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04065","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Identifying early prognostic biomarkers is crucial to optimise clinical management of critically ill patients with ICH. The haemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR) has recently emerged as a potential predictor in various critical illnesses, but its role in ICH remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate associations between HRR and mortality in patients with ICH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included the data of adults (≥18 years) extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database (version 1). HRR was calculated from the first available haemoglobin and RDW measurements within one day of each other. Patients were categorised into HRR quartiles. The primary outcomes were 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data of 1915 patients (mean age 67.5 years) were analysed retrospectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, compared with the lowest HRR quartile (Q1), patients in Q3 and Q4 had significantly lower 28-day mortality (Q3: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.97; Q4: aHR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.90). Similarly, higher HRR quartiles were associated with reduced 1-year mortality risk (Q3: aHR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.84; Q4: aHR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower HRR at admission is independently associated with higher short-term and long-term mortality in ICU patients with ICH. HRR may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker for early risk stratification in this high-risk population. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden in plain sight: the fourth UN High-Level Meeting on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the Promotion of Mental Health and Well-being missed the mark on chronic pain and mobility impairment.","authors":"Andrew M Briggs, Neil Betteridge, Fiona M Blyth, Karsten E Dreinhöfer, Deborah Kopansky-Giles, Lyn M March, Andrew S C Rice, Anthony D Woolf","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.03009","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.03009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fourth United Nations High-Level Meeting on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and Promotion of Mental Health and Well-Being developed a timely Political Declaration intended to accelerate progress among Member States towards the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 3.4. The Declaration emphasises appropriate cross-cutting actions for prevention and control of NCDs generally, yet over the consultation period, it evolved to include a range of specific diseases beyond the SDG 3.4 targets. The Declaration omits explicit attention to chronic pain and mobility impairment due to musculoskeletal conditions, despite their substantial contribution to disability and NCD multimorbidity across the life course. The omission creates a missed opportunity for health gain across NCDs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries experiencing rapid population ageing and expansion, and it disrupts implementation of aligned global technical products. Chronic pain affects a substantial proportion of the global population, and musculoskeletal conditions are among the leading causes of years lived with disability, yet global NCD policy frameworks continue to privilege mortality reduction over morbidity. Embedding prevention and management of chronic pain and mobility impairment within integrated NCD and mental health strategies offers a pathway to reduce avoidable disability and improve global healthy life years beyond 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"03009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of seasonal temperature variations on adverse outcomes in atrial fibrillation: comparative insights from Vigo and Murcia cohorts.","authors":"Eva Soler-Espejo, María Pilar Ramos-Bratos, Inmaculada González-Bermúdez, José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, Pablo Domínguez-Erquicia, Andrés Íñiguez-Romo, Francisco Marín, Vanessa Roldán, Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04110","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient temperature is a key environmental factor influencing cardiovascular health. In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), seasonal variations may affect the risk of clinical events and mortality. We aimed to assess the impact of summer heat on adverse cardiovascular events in anticoagulated AF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, we included anticoagulated AF patients from two Spanish cohorts located in cities with differing climates: Murcia and Vigo. We followed patients for two years, recording ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), major bleeding, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiovascular death, and all-cause death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 13 629 AF patients, with a median age of 78 years (interquartile range = 71-83), of which 53.4% were female. In both cities, summer was associated with significantly lower incidence rate ratios for MACE, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death compared with other seasons (all P < 0.05). In Murcia, summer was linked to a lower risk of ischaemic stroke/TIA (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.35-0.96), MACE (aHR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.45-0.89), cardiovascular death (aHR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.19-0.56), and all-cause death (aHR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.30-0.56) compared with winter. In Vigo, summer was associated only with a reduced risk of all-cause death (aHR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.56-0.76) compared to winter. When comparing summers, Murcia showed an increased risk of ischaemic stroke/TIA (aHR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.98-6.45) and MACE (aHR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.33-2.61) compared with Vigo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Summer was associated with a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared with winter in patients with AF living in heat-adapted cities. However, extreme heat was associated with a significantly increased cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping global evidence on compassion fatigue among healthcare workers during COVID-19: insights and implications for future preparedness - a scoping review.","authors":"Laston Gonah, Themba G Ginindza, Khumbulani Welcome Hlongwana","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04130","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compassion fatigue (CF) is a critical occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, with implications for well-being, retention, and quality of care. We aimed to map the global evidence on CF prevalence, risk factors, effects, interventions, and research gaps among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review of 56 studies from 21 countries (2020-2025) was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Seven databases were searched, and findings were synthesised narratively with attention to occupational, demographic, and systemic determinants of CF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compassion fatigue prevalence ranged from 20 to 87%. It was most pronounced among nurses, women, frontline staff, early-career professionals, and those in under-resourced or rural settings. Key risk factors included high workload, long shifts, repeated exposure to death, moral distress, and limited organisational support. Symptoms encompassed emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, diminished empathy, and co-occurring anxiety, depression, or secondary traumatic stress. Interventions (resilience and peer-support programmes, self-compassion training, motivational messaging, and mobile psychoeducation) showed small-to-moderate benefits but were limited by methodological heterogeneity and scarce robust evaluation. Temporally, CF peaked during early pandemic surges and persisted among frontline staff and in resource-constrained or long-COVID contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compassion fatigue is a multifactorial, context-dependent hazard disproportionately affecting vulnerable HCWs. Effective mitigation requires longitudinal research, inclusive global representation, and multi-level strategies linking individual resilience with organisational reform and policy action to safeguard HCW well-being in current and future crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying personal exposure to traffic and household air pollution: a pilot study among street traders in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Obianuju B Ozoh, Prince Amegbor, Sandra K Dede, Olufunke O Adeyeye, Ogochukwu A Ekete, Olorunfemi Adetona, Benjamin Barrat","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04114","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient and household air pollution (HAP) exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes. Heavy traffic congestion, street trading, and the use of biomass fuels are common in Lagos, Nigeria. We designed this study to evaluate the feasibility of measuring prolonged personal exposure to air pollution among street traders. We aimed to quantify average 24-hour exposure to air pollution and evaluate how proximity to major highways influences these levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study assessing recruitment and level of personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and HAP among adult street traders over 48 hours. We recruited 'highway traders' (<50 m of the highway) and 'inner street traders' (>200 m from the highway) and measured personal exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) using a bespoke monitoring unit held in a backpack. We also measured blood pressure (BP) and performed spirometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recruitment rate was 33%, yielding a sample of 30 females (15 per group). All eligible males declined due to time constraints and because they found the backpack monitor unacceptable. The average 24-hour PM_2.5 (mean (x̄) = 34.3 μg/m³) and PM₁₀ (x̄ = 34.7 μg/m³) exposures for highway traders were higher than PM_2.5 (x̄ = 22.8 μg/m³) and PM₁₀ (x̄ = 23.0 μg/m³) exposures for inner street traders. The PM_2.5 over 24 hours was consistently above the World Health Organization recommended threshold of 15ug/m³ for both groups with diurnal peaks. Spirometry parameters and BP were similar between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Device acceptability and measurement site selection are pivotal in participant recruitment. Successful gender-inclusive recruitment necessitates appropriate monitoring equipment and measurement at sites convenient for participants. All street traders experienced consistently high air pollution levels throughout the day, regardless of proximity to the highway. These findings provide valuable insights to guide future large-scale research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to cut child mortality in half again: making primary healthcare work.","authors":"Susanne Carai, Sophie Jullien","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.03010","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.03010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gap between what primary healthcare (PHC) could achieve and what it currently delivers remains wide. Preventable child deaths remain a reality, particularly in underserved communities, and hard-won gains risk being reversed by diminishing attention. Making PHC work for children and adolescents requires clear, evidence-based standards, supportive health systems, and community-driven engagement. The WHO Pocket Book of Primary Health Care for Children and Adolescents and its mobile application bridge these pillars into one actionable strategy. Over the past decades, global child mortality has fallen by nearly 60%, largely due to services delivered through PHC. Yet millions of preventable deaths persist, reflecting weaknesses in governance, financing, workforce, and quality of care. Selective interventions contributed to earlier progress but narrowed the Alma Ata vision, limiting PHC to a small set of conditions. The Pocket Book and its app provide an integrated, evidence-based framework spanning birth to 18 years that operationalises comprehensive PHC. Country adaptation processes act as catalysts for systems change by identifying and correcting health systems' dysfunctions and engaging parents and caregivers as partners in care. This approach offers a practical pathway to halving child mortality again.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"03010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and household determinants of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in China.","authors":"Meiqiyang Xue, Yutong Jiang, Mingsheng Chen, Lei Si","doi":"10.7189/jogh.16.04096","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.16.04096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are a global concern. Research on the combined influence of individual and household factors on overweight and obesity among children and adolescents across China remains relatively limited, especially regarding parental social capital. This study aims to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in China and explore related individual and household determinants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved data on 2431 individuals aged 7-18 years from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies. We used binary logistic regression to evaluate associations between overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and 22 variables selected via keyword co-occurrence visualisation, and conducted sensitivity analyses to assess quality and robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 20.36% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 18.78-22.02) were overweight, and 10.00% (95% CI = 8.83-11.26) were obese. Shared risk factors for both overweight and obesity included younger age, male sex, urban residence, informal education, paternal overweight, paternal obesity, maternal overweight, maternal loneliness, and low maternal cognitive social capital. Factors uniquely associated with overweight were maternal obesity, internet use, higher maternal structural social capital, good community infrastructure, and living in Northeastern China. For obesity, specific predictors were a larger mother-child age gap and the highest household income.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in China is shaped by complex individual and household factors. Our findings highlight the need for coordinated interventions by families, schools, and governments targeting intergenerational and sociocultural pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"04096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}