Journal of Physiological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Kae Yasuda, Inaho Shishido, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga, Rika Yano","doi":"10.1186/s40101-024-00357-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-024-00357-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10863094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of regular running on body weight and fat tissue of individuals aged 18 to 65.","authors":"Petr Kutac, Václav Bunc, Marek Buzga, Miroslav Krajcigr, Martin Sigmund","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00348-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00348-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age and reduction in performed physical activity cause physiological changes that include an increase in body fat (BF) and visceral fat (VF) during aging. These parameters, together with increased body mass (BM), are some of the risk factors of several noninfectious diseases. However, changes in body composition can be influenced by regular physical activity. Running is a suitable, accessible, and the most effective physical activity cultivating people. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of long-term, regular PA, specifically recreational running, on changes in body composition among recreational adult runners covering a weekly distance of at least 10 km, compared with inactive adult individuals within the same age bracket.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 1296 runners and inactive individuals (691 male and 605 female), divided into 5 age groups: 18-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, and 56-65 years. Runners are as follows: ran ≥ 10 km/week, and inactive is as follows: did not follow the WHO 2020 physical activity recommendations. The measured parameters included BM, BF, and VF. To check statistical significance, the Mann-Whitney U-test was used. Practical significance was assessed using the effect of size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All age groups of runners were selected to include individuals who run at least 10 km per week. In fact, they ran, on average, from 21.6 to 31.4 km per week in relation to age and showed significantly lower values of BM, BMI, BF, and VF (p < 0.05) than inactive individuals. Exceptions included insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in BM and BMI in males in the age category of 18-25 and in females in the age category of 18-25 and 26-35.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The selected runners had to run at least 10 km per week. Their actual average volume was significantly higher (from 21.6 to 31.4 km/week), and the results showed that it could lead to significantly better body composition values. It may lead to significant changes in body mass, body fat, and visceral fat. It may meet the contemporary societal expectations for physical activities that are both achievable and effective at the lowest possible volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10690982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal differences in urine flow in healthy young men in a light-controlled environment: a randomized crossover design.","authors":"Hiromitsu Negoro, Isuzu Nakamoto, Sayaka Uiji, Yoshiko Matsushima, Bryan J Mathis, Dominika Kanikowska, Tomoko Wakamura","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00346-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00346-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older men often experience nocturnal urination difficulties, reflected by diurnal differences in maximum urine flow (Qmax). Since lower urinary tract symptoms and pathological comorbidities are frequent in older men, it remains unclear whether this diurnal variation is a physiological or pathological phenomenon. Our aim was to quantify the diurnal variability of Qmax in healthy young participants under varying daylight conditions in a stable environment to discern potential underlying causes of nocturnal urination difficulties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one healthy young men were recruited in a 4-day study utilizing daytime (08:00-18:00) exposure with two light conditions in randomized order: dim (< 50 lx) or bright (~2500 lx). Day 1 was for acclimation, and urine flow was assessed from day 2. The participants urinated ad libitum during day 2 and then at fixed 3-4-h intervals thereafter (days 3-4). Regular urination Qmax at late night (04:00) on day 4 was compared with the nearest voided volume during daytime of day 3 (mDay).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morning Qmax scores (after bed-11:00) on day 2 were significantly lower than evening (17:00-before pre-sleep) in bright conditions and those of daytime (11:00-17:00), evening (17:00-before pre-sleep), and pre-sleep in dim conditions. Pre-sleep Qmax during the ad libitum period was significantly higher in dim than bright conditions. Late-night Qmax values (04:00) on day 4 were significantly lower than Qmax scores of mDay on day 3 in both light conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthy young men had a clear diurnal Qmax difference that decreased during late night and morning. In addition, the pre-sleep Qmax values in dim daylight were significantly higher than in bright daylight. Taken together, we conclude that late-night and morning decreases in Qmax are an instinctive physiological phenomenon in humans, and the diurnal difference of Qmax can be influenced by daylight conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10655426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype characteristics of professional athletes in China: a comprehensive descriptive study.","authors":"Chenhao Tan, Jiaojiao Lu, Jinhao Wang, Yan An, Guohuan Cao, Defeng Zhao, Jun Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00343-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00343-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronotype has gained recognition as a significant factor in enhancing athletic performance. This study aimed to deepen our understanding of athletes' sleep chronotypes and provide a foundation for developing evidence-based training and competition programs. By comprehensively describing and analyzing the chronotype characteristics of Chinese professional athletes, considering individual and sports factors, sleep quality and habits, and mental energy, this research aimed to contribute valuable insights to the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 1069 professional athletes from sports teams in Shanghai completed the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire and the Athlete Mental Energy Scale to assess chronotype, sleep quality, sleep-influencing habits, and mental energy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among athletes, sleep typology fell within the intermediate range, slightly leaning toward morningness. Male athletes and those who engaged in static sports displayed a greater propensity for morningness. Age correlated with a preference for eveningness. High-level athletes exhibited a stronger inclination toward eveningness. Sleep quality issues were associated with an inclination toward eveningness. Daily caffeine intake and the habit of using electronic devices before bedtime are also linked to eveningness. Chronotype demonstrated the ability to predict various dimensions of athletes' mental energy. It was the strongest predictor of vigor, but the loadings were smaller than those of sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chinese athletes' chronotypes primarily exhibit distinct characteristics related to individual factors such as gender, sports discipline, and ranking, as well as habits like caffeine consumption and electronic device use. Moreover, these sleep patterns demonstrate predictive capabilities across all dimensions of athletes' mental energy. This study sheds light on Chinese athletes' unique sleep chronotype attributes, enriching our understanding of sleep patterns among professional athletes under various systems. These insights offer an initial basis for enhancing the effectiveness of athlete scheduling and training management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10631192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of adaptation in myopia-related genes on the sunlight exposure hypothesis.","authors":"Tian Xia, Kazuhiro Nakayama","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00341-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00341-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myopia is a common eye disorder that results from gene-environment interactions. The prevalence of myopia varies across populations, and exposure to bright sunlight may prevent its development. We hypothesize that local adaptation to light environments during human migration played a role in shaping the genetic basis of myopia, and we aim to investigate how the environment influences the genetic basis of myopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We utilized the whole-genome variant data of the 1000 Genomes Project for analysis. We searched myopia-associated loci that were under selection in Europeans using population branch statistics and the number of segregating sites by length statistics. The outliers of these statistics were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and the gene ontology biological process terms in searching for pathways that were under selection. We applied Bayesian inference to estimate the correlation between environmental factors and allele frequencies of the selected loci and performed causal inference of myopia using two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected signatures of adaptation in vision and light perception pathways, supporting our hypothesis of sunlight adaptation. We discovered a strong correlation between latitude and allele frequencies in genes that are under significant selection, and we found pleiotropic effects of pigmentation or circadian rhythm genes on myopia, indicating that sunlight exposure influences the genetic diversity of myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Myopia genes involved in light perception showed signs of selection. Local adaptation during human migration shaped the genetic basis of myopia and may have influenced its global prevalence distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multipoint surface electromyography measurement using bull's-eye electrodes for wide-area topographic analysis.","authors":"Megumi Shimura,&nbsp;Akihiko Mizumoto,&nbsp;Yali Xia,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Shimomura","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00342-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00342-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surface electromyography (sEMG) is primarily used to analyze individual and neighboring muscle activity. However, using a broader approach can enable simultaneous measurement of multiple muscles, which is essential for understanding muscular coordination. Using the \"bull's-eye electrode,\" which allows bipolar derivation without directional dependence, enables wide-area multipoint sEMG measurements. This study aims to establish a multipoint measurement system and demonstrate its effectiveness and evaluates forearm fatigue and created topographic maps during a grasping task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine healthy adults with no recent arm injuries or illnesses participated in this study. They performed grasping tasks using their dominant hand, while bull's-eye electrodes recorded their muscle activity. To validate the effectiveness of the system, we calculated the root mean squares of muscle activity and entropy, an indicator of muscle activity distribution, and compared them over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The entropy analysis demonstrated a significant time-course effect with increased entropy over time, suggesting increased forearm muscle uniformity, which is possibly indicative of fatigue. Topographic maps visually displayed muscle activity, revealing notable intersubject variations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Bull's-eye electrodes facilitated the capture of nine homogeneous muscle activity points, enabling the creation of topographic images. The entropy increased progressively, suggesting an adaptive muscle coordination response to fatigue. Despite some limitations, such as inadequate measurement of the forearm muscles' belly, the system is an unconventional measurement method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established a robust system for wide-area multipoint sEMG measurements using a bull's-eye electrode setup. This system effectively evaluates muscle fatigue and provides a comprehensive topographic view of muscle activity. These results mark a significant step towards developing a future multichannel sEMG system with enhanced measurement points and improved wearability.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chiba University Graduate School of Engineering (acceptance number: R4-12, Acceptance date: November 04, 2022).</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10612298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61565614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Kae Yasuda, Inaho Shishido, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga, Rika Yano","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00340-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00340-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat application before peripheral intravenous catheterization is recommended for venous dilation. Hot pack application enlarges the venous diameter in healthy adults; however, hot towels (moist and dry heat) are used often in some medical cases. However, it is unclear whether hot towel application promotes venous dilation better than hot pack application. This study compared the venous dilation effect of using a hot towel (moist and dry heat) to a hot pack before applying the tourniquet at an access site for peripheral intravenous catheterization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-eight healthy females aged 18-29 years were recruited for this quasi-experimental study. They underwent three types of heat applications (hot pack, moist hot towel, and dry hot towel [moist hot towel wrapped in a dry plastic bag], all of which were warmed to 40 ± 2 °C and performed for 7 min) to their forearm and tourniquet application for 30 s after each heating. Venous diameter and depth were measured using ultrasonography, and venous palpability and visibility (venous assessment score) was observed as venous dilatation effects. In addition, the skin temperature, stratum corneum hydration, and subjective evaluation of the warmth were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in venous diameter and assessment scores after intervention between the dry hot towel and the hot pack groups, and the effect size was negligible (Cohen's d < 0.20). However, these measurements were significantly lower for the moist hot towel than for the other two heat applications (P < .001). Although there was no significant difference in skin temperature and warmth rating score between the dry hot towel and the hot pack, these were significantly lower for the moist hot towel than for the other two heat applications (P < .001). The amount of change in stratum corneum hydration of the dry hot towel was not significantly different from that of the hot pack; however, that of the moist hot towel was significantly larger than that of the other two heat applications (P < . 001.) CONCLUSIONS: A method in which a towel warmed in hot water is wrapped in a dry barrier may be an alternative to a hot pack.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered with University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan (Registration No.: UMIN000048308. Registered on July 7, 2022).</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10585830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-week exercise intervention improves cold symptoms and sleep condition in cold-sensitive women.","authors":"Fumio Yamazaki, Kana Inoue, Nanako Ohmi, Chika Okimoto","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00339-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00339-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined whether an aerobic exercise intervention in young women with cold sensitivity symptoms improves sleep quality and decreases cold complaints. Furthermore, we examined the association with increased foot skin temperature (Tsk) before falling asleep and decrease in sensitivity to cold in the brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 16 female adult volunteers who had cold sensitivity and were not engaged in daily exercise training, and they were divided into an exercise group (EXE) and a control group (CON). EXE was given a 2-week exercise intervention that consisted mainly of walking and jogging. Before and after the intervention, temperature sensation and body temperature parameters were measured just before bedtime; electroencephalogram measurements were taken during sleep; and subjective sleep surveys, including Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (OSA) sleep inventory (middle-aged and aged version) and visual analogue scale (VAS), were conducted immediately after waking up. All experiments were performed in the winter season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In EXE, overall and foot warmth and comfort increased (p < 0.05) after the 2-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention also decreased (p < 0.05) the scores for cold feeling in the fingertips, feet, and toes. In the OSA sleep inventory, factor IV (refreshing) and factor V (sleep length) were increased (p < 0.05) by the exercise intervention. Subjective sleep quality evaluated by VAS increased (p < 0.05) with exercise intervention. The exercise intervention in EXE shortened middle awake time after sleep onset (p < 0.05) and prolonged deep sleep length (p < 0.05). The exercise intervention increased (p < 0.05) alpha-wave power before sleep. In CON, all variables remained unchanged throughout the 2-week control period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term aerobic exercise alleviated peripheral extremity cold sensitivity symptoms and improved subjective sleep quality. Our findings suggest that these improvements were not due to increased Tsk at rest before bedtime but to decreased sensitivity to cold in the brain that was expressed as increased alpha activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10540373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of arm and leg positions on lumbar multifidus muscle activity while on hands and knees or while standing.","authors":"Yasuhiro Mitani, Masaru Hanafusa, Junichi Hashimoto, Ryuta Inada, Hitoshi Koda","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00279-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00279-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The lumbar multifidus (LMF) muscle, which is involved in the mechanical stability of the lumbar spine, reportedly undergoes atrophy in patients with low back pain. Preventing or mitigating low back pain requires strengthening the LMF muscle; however, methods for triggering selective and significant contraction of this muscle have not been fully studied. This study aims to clarify how, in the hands-and-knees or standing position, the position of the arm and leg on one side affects the activity of the lumbar erector spinae (LES) and LMF muscles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited nine adult men with no prior history of low back pain. Measurements were taken in four different postures under varying conditions (that is, one arm and one leg were lifted in either the hands-and-knees or standing position,) as follows: (1) shoulder joint flexion and hip joint extension in the hands-and-knees position; (2) 90° shoulder joint abduction and hip joint abduction in the hands-and-knees position; (3) shoulder joint flexion and hip joint extension in the standing position; and (4) 90° shoulder joint abduction and hip joint abduction in the standing position. The 90° shoulder joint abduction involved simultaneous horizontal abduction, while the hip joint abduction involved simultaneous extension. Muscle activity of the LES and LMF in each posture was measured using a surface electromyograph.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Muscle activity of the LMF was significantly higher in 90° shoulder joint abduction and hip joint abduction than in shoulder joint flexion and hip joint extension in both the hands-and-knees and standing positions. The LES muscle showed no significant differences in activity between each posture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that unilateral 90° shoulder joint abduction and contralateral hip joint abduction in the hands-and-knees and standing positions may produce selective and significant contraction of the LMF muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of cathepsin L gene under mild cold conditions in young Japanese male adults.","authors":"Yoshiki Yasukochi, Sora Shin, Hitoshi Wakabayashi, Takafumi Maeda","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00267-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-021-00267-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physiological thermoregulatory systems in humans have been a key factor for adaptation to local environments after their exodus from Africa, particularly, to cold environments outside Africa. Recent studies using high-throughput sequencing have identified various genes responsible for cold adaptation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying initial thermoregulation in response to acute cold exposure remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated transcriptional profiles of six young Japanese male adults exposed to acute cold stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a climatic chamber, the air temperature was maintained at 28°C for 65 min and was then gradually decreased to 19°C for 70 min. Saliva samples were obtained from the subjects at 28°C before and after 19°C cold exposure and were used for RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cold exposure experiment, expression levels of 14 genes were significantly changed [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] although the degree of transcriptional changes was not high due to experimental conditions or blunted transcriptional reaction in saliva to cold stress. As a result, differential gene expression analyses detected the cathepsin L (CTSL) gene to be significantly upregulated, with FDR < 0.05 and log₂ fold change value > 1; thus, this gene was identified as a differentially expressed gene. Given that the cathepsin L protein is related to invasion of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), mild cold stress might alter the susceptibility to coronavirus disease-19 in humans. The gene ontology enrichment analysis for 14 genes with FDR < 0.05 suggested that immune-related molecules could be activated by mild cold stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results obtained from this study indicate that CTSL expression levels can be altered by acute mild cold stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"40 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39551488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}